The document presents a seminar on the tsunami warning system, outlining its components such as seismic monitoring stations, tidal gauges, and dart buoys, which are essential for detecting potential tsunamis and issuing warnings. It details the different types of warning systems, their detection methods, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as future developments like GPS technology for tsunami detection. Overall, the warning system aims to mitigate loss of life and property in the event of a tsunami.

1. A
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
“tsunami
warning system”
2013-2014
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. Amit Kumar Prajapati
Mr. Rajveer Marwal
Seminar Coordinators (Sec B)
Vibhor Rathi
4th Year, 8th Sem.
EC/10/148
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR
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2. CONTENTS
 Tsunami
 Tsunami Warning System
 Detecting Tsunami
 Seismometers
 Tidal Gauge
 DART Buoys
 Digiquartz Broadband Depth Sensor
 Acoustic Transducer
 Acoustic Link
 DART I & II System
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Future Scope
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3. TSUNAMI
It is a series of wave with long wavelength and long wave
period.
Apart from seismic activity, there are many other factors
responsible for Tsunami.
These gigantic waves are probably one of the most
powerful and destructive forces of nature.
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4. TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
TWS is a system which detects tsunami and issue a
warning to prevent loss of life and property.
This system consist of two main parts:
TWS
Network of
sensors
Communication
Infrastructure
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5. WORKING OF TWS
Network of seismic monitoring station at sea floor
detects presence of earthquake.
Seismic monitoring station determines location and
depth of earthquake having potential to cause tsunami.
Any resulting tsunami are verified by sea level
monitoring station such as DART buoys, tidal gauge.
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6. TYPES OF TWS
There are two distinct types of TWS:
TWS
International
Warning
System
National
Warning System
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7. INTERNATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM
This system uses both data like seismic and water level
data from coastal buoys.
Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while seismic wave
travel at 14,400 km/hr.
This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast to be
made.
It is commonly used in Pacific ocean and Indian ocean.
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8. NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM
This system use seismic data about nearby recent
earthquake.
This system is unable to predict which earthquake will
produce significant tsunami.
NWS
Tsunami
Watches
Tsunami
Warning
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9. TSUNAMI WATCH
Watch is issued based on seismic information.
Watch is issued without confirmation that destructive
tsunami is underway.
Tsunami watch is issued to officials which may later
impact the watch area.
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10. TSUNAMI WARNING
Tsunami warning is issued when potential tsunami is
expected.
It alert officials to take action for entire tsunami hazard
zone.
Warning is issued automatically if an earthquake
powerful enough to create tsunami occur nearby.
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11. DETECTION METHOD
PHASE 1
GEOLOGICAL
ACTIVITY
PHASE 2
WAVE
ACTIVITY
PHASE 3
COASTLINE
ACTIVITY
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12. DETECTING TSUNAMI
Three types of technologies are used for detecting
tsunami:
1
2
3
• SEISMOMETERS
• COAST TIDAL GAUGES
• DART BUOYS
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13. SEISMOMETERS
Information available about source of tsunami is based
on seismic information.
Earthquake are measured based on its magnitude
recorded by its seismograph.
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14. DRAWBACK OF SEISMOMETERS
Data are indirect and interpretation is difficult.
It involve poor understanding of seismic coupling.
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15. TIDAL GAUGE
Measure sea level near coastal area.
Continuously monitors and confirms tsunami waves
following an earthquake.
If tsunami occurred other than earthquake we depend
solely on data of tidal gauge.
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16. DRAWBACK OF TIDAL GAUGE
May not survive impact of tsunami.
Cannot provide data that are especially important to
operational hazard assessment directly.
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17. DART BUOYS
Report to tsunami warning centre, when tsunami occur.
Information are processed to produce a new and more
refined estimate of tsunami source.
Result is an accurate forecast of tsunami.
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18. ADVANTAGE OF DART BUOYS
Seismometer do not measure tsunami.
Tidal gauge do not provide direct measurement of deep
ocean tsunami energy propagating.
DART overcomes drawback of both.
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19. WORKING OF DART BUOYS
DART BUOY consist of two main component:
• Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)
• Surface Buoy
BPR consisting of a modem to transmit data to surface
buoy.
Surface buoy transmit data to warning centre via satellite
communication.
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20.  BOTTOM PRESSURE RECORDER:
Digiquartz Broadband depth Sensor is the main sensing
element.
This sensor continuously monitors pressure and if
pressure exceeds threshold value, it automatically report
to warning centre.
 SURFACE BUOYS:
Surface buoys makes satellite communication to
warning centers that evaluate the threat and issue a
tsunami warning.
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21. DIAGRAM OF DART BUOY
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22. DIGIQUARTZ BROADBAND DEPTH
SENSOR
This depth sensor provide accurate & stable data.
Superior performance of digiquartz instruments is
achieved through use of quartz crystal.
Pressure transducer employs bellows tube as pressure to
load generators.
Change in frequency of quartz crystal oscillator is a
measure of the applied pressure.
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23. ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER
A electrical device that converts sound wave into
electrical energy.
Hydrophone is used in this case.
When electrical plates are exposed to sound vibration
electrical energy is produced.
Electrical energy is sent to amplifier and then to final
destination.
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24. ACOUSTIC LINK
Acoustic communication is a technique of sending and
receiving signals under water.
It is done by help of acoustic modem.
Modem operates at frequency of 10Hz – 1MHz.
It provides an accurate and efficient method to send and
receive data underwater.
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25. NOAA AND DART STATIONS
NOAA
(NATIONAL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION)
• Responsible for providing tsunami warning to the
nation.
DART
(DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT & REPORTING OF TSUNAMI)
• Station that detects tsunami.
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26. MODES OF OPERATION
DART buoy has two modes of operation:
MODES
STANDARD
MODE
EVENT
MODE
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27.  STANDARD MODE:
System generally operates in standard mode.
DART transmits data every six hours with recording
period of 15 minutes.
 EVENT MODE:
When tsunami wave occur standard mode trigger to
event mode.
Transmit data every15 minutes at an average of 1 minute
for three hours.
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28. DIAGRAM SHOWING TSUNAMI WAVE GENERATION
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29. SERIES OF DART SYSTEM
There are two series of DART buoy system:
DART I
BUOY
DART II
BUOY
SERIES
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30. DART I SYSTEM
One way communication ability.
Relied solely on software’s ability to detect a tsunami
and trigger to event mode.
To avoid false alarm, a threshold value is set such that
tsunami with low amplitude could fail to trigger the
station.
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31. DART II SYSTEM
It is a two way communication
Measure seal level change of less than a millimeter in
the deep ocean.
Two way communication allows for trouble shooting of
the system.
System can be switched to event mode by concerned
authority for research purpose.
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32. ADVANTAGES
Deep water pressure produce low false reading.
Multiple sensor can detect wave propagation.
Good advance warning system.
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33. DISADVANTAGES
Expensive equipments.
High maintenance cost.
Require multiple communication link:
•
•
•
•
•
SONAR.
Satellite Uplink.
Satellite Downlink.
Notification to authorities.
Authorities notifies coastal dwellers.
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34. FUTURE SCOPE
Use of GPS to detect tsunami.
Developed by NASA.
GPS detects ground motion preceding tsunami.
It estimate tsunami destructive potential within minutes.
Estimates energy that undersea earthquake transfer to
ocean.
With help of these data, ocean floor displacement
caused by earthquake can be inferred.
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35. REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami_warning_system
http://seminarprojects.net/t-tsunami-warning-system
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest1322
68-1389817-ppt-for-seminar-tsunami-alarm
http://www.tsunamiterror.info/future_proposed.html
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36. QUERIES ? ? ?
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37. THANK YOU
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