Computed Tomography and Spiral Computed Tomography JAMES JACKY
1. Computed Tomography / Spiral Computed Tomography
2. Clinical and Principle Operation of Computed Tomography
3. Law and Regulation in Malaysia
4. Radiation Dose
Computed Tomography and Spiral Computed Tomography JAMES JACKY
1. Computed Tomography / Spiral Computed Tomography
2. Clinical and Principle Operation of Computed Tomography
3. Law and Regulation in Malaysia
4. Radiation Dose
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
this power-point slide presentation includes lots of information like how MRI coil works. what is shimming, magnet, fringe, and design of mri coil and also magnet. this will help a lot for radiologist and technician radiographers.. thanks.
Ultrasound Physics Made easy - By Dr Chandni WadhwaniChandni Wadhwani
History of ultrasound, Principle of Ultrasound.
Ultrasound wave and its interactions
Ultrasound machine and its parts, Image display, Artifacts and their clinical importance
what is Doppler ultrasound, Elastography and Recent advances in field of ultrasound.
Safety issues in ultrasound.
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
this power-point slide presentation includes lots of information like how MRI coil works. what is shimming, magnet, fringe, and design of mri coil and also magnet. this will help a lot for radiologist and technician radiographers.. thanks.
Ultrasound Physics Made easy - By Dr Chandni WadhwaniChandni Wadhwani
History of ultrasound, Principle of Ultrasound.
Ultrasound wave and its interactions
Ultrasound machine and its parts, Image display, Artifacts and their clinical importance
what is Doppler ultrasound, Elastography and Recent advances in field of ultrasound.
Safety issues in ultrasound.
Atomic structure refers to the organization and composition of atoms, which are the fundamental building blocks of matter. Atoms are incredibly small and consist of several subatomic particles, primarily protons, neutrons, and electrons. Understanding atomic structure is essential in the field of chemistry and forms the basis for our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of elements and compounds.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
2. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Sound is a physical phenomenon that transfers
energy from one point to another. In this respect,
it is similar to radiation. It differs from radiation,
however, in that sound can pass only through
matter and not through a vacuum as radiation can.
This is because sound waves are actually
vibrations passing through a material. If there is no
material, nothing can vibrate and sound cannot
exist.
3. One of the most significant characteristics of
sound is its frequency, which is the rate at
which the sound source and the material
vibrate. The basic unit for specifying frequency
is the hertz, which is one vibration, or cycle, per
second. Pitch is a term commonly used as a
synonym for frequency of sound.
4. The human ear cannot hear or respond to all sound
frequencies. The range of frequencies that can be
heard by a normal young adult is from approximately
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Ultrasound has a
frequency above this range. Frequencies in the range
of 2 MHz (million cycles per second) to 20 MHz are
used in diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound is used as a
diagnostic tool because it can be focused into small,
well-defined beams that can probe the human body
and interact with the tissue structures to form images.
5. The transducer is the component of the ultrasound
imaging equipment that is placed in direct contact
with the patient's body. It performs several
functions as will be described in detail later. It's
first function is to produce the ultrasound pulses
when electrical pulses are applied to it. A short
time later, when echo pulses return to the body
surface they are picked up by the transducer and
converted back into electrical pulses that are then
processed by the system and formed into an
image.
6. When a beam of ultrasound pulses is passed into a
body, several things happen. Most of the
ultrasound energy is absorbed and the beam is
attenuated. This is undesirable and does not
contribute to the formation of an image like in x-
ray imaging. Some of the pulses will be reflected
by internal body structures and send echoes back
to the surface where they are collected by the
transducer and used to form the
image. Therefore, the general ultrasound image is
a display of structures or reflecting surfaces in the
body that produce echoes as illustrated below.
8. Echoes, which show up as bright or white spots in
the image are produced by surfaces or boundaries
between two different types of tissues. Most
anatomical areas are composed of a "mixture" of
different tissue types and many surfaces that
produce the general gray and white background
that we see in the image. Since there are no
reflecting surfaces within a fluid, such as a cyst, it
is dark in the image. Therefore, the general
ultrasound image, sometimes called a "B mode"
image, is a display of echo producing sites within
the anatomical area.
9. The ultrasound image is a display showing the
location of reflecting structures or echo sites
within the body. The location of a reflecting
structure (interface) in the horizontal direction
is determined by the position of the beam. In
the depth direction, it is determined by the
time required for the pulse to travel to the
reflecting site and for the echo pulse to return.
10. Another physical characteristic that can be
imaged with ultrasound is motion, specifically
the motion of flowing blood. This uses the
Doppler principle and the images are usually
displayed with different colors representing the
different flow velocities and directions. This
will be covered in a later chapter.
11. THE ULTRASOUND IMAGING SYSTEM
The Principal Functional Components of an Ultrasound Imaging
System
12. Modern ultrasound systems use digital
computer electronics to control most of the
functions in the imaging process. Therefore, the
boxes in the illustration above represent
functions performed by the computer and other
electronic circuits and not individual physical
components.
We will now consider some of these functions
in more detail and how they contribute to image
formation.
13. TRANSDUCER
The transducer is the component of the ultrasound system that is
placed in direct contact with the patient's body. It alternates
between two major functions:
(1) producing ultrasound pulses and
(2) receiving or detecting the returning echoes. Within the
transducer there are one or more piezoelectric elements. When an
electrical pulse is applied to the piezoelectric element it vibrates and
produces the ultrasound. Also, when the piezoelectric element is
vibrated by the returning echo pulse it produces a pulse of
electricity.
The transducer also focuses the beam of pulses to give it a specific
size and shape at various depths within the body and also scans the
beam over the anatomical area that is being imaged.
14. PULSE GENERATOR
The pulse generator produces the electrical pulses that
are applied to the transducer. For conventional
ultrasound imaging the pulses are produced at a rate of
approximately 1,000 pulses per second.
NOTE: This is the pulse rate (pulses per second) and not
the frequency which is the number of cycles or
vibrations per second within each pulse. The principal
control associated with the pulse generator is the size of
the electrical pulses that can be used to change the
intensity and energy of the ultrasound beam.
15. AMPLIFICATION
Amplification is used to increase the size of the
electrical pulses coming from the transducer
after an echo is received.. The amount of
amplification is determined by the gain setting.
The principal control associated with the
amplifier is the time gain compensation (TGC),
which allows the user to adjust the gain in
relationship to the depth of echo sites within
the body.
16. SCAN GENERATOR
The scan generator controls the scanning of the
ultrasound beam over the body section being
imaged. This is usually done by controlling the
sequence in which the electrical pulses are
applied to the piezoelectric elements within
the transducer.
17. SCAN CONVERTER
Scan conversion is the function that converts
from the format of the scanning ultrasound
beam into a digital image matrix format for
processing and display.
18. IMAGE PROCESSOR
The digital image is processed to produce the
desired characteristics for display. This includes
giving it specific contrast characteristics and
reformatting the image if necessary.
19. DISPLAY
The digital ultrasound images are viewed on the
equipment display (monitor) and usually
transferred to the physician display or work
station.
One component of the ultrasound imaging
system that is not shown is the digital storage
device that is used to store images for later
viewing if that process is used.
20. THE ULTRASOUND PULSE
The basic principles of ultrasound pulse
production and transmission are illustrated below.
The Production of an Ultrasound Pulse
21. The source of sound is a vibrating object, the
piezoelectric transducer element. Since the
vibrating source is in contact with the tissue, it is
caused to vibrate. The vibrations in the region of
tissue next to the transducer are passed on to the
adjacent tissue. This process continues, and the
vibrations, or sound, is passed along from one
region of tissue to another. The rate at which the
tissue structures vibrate back and forth is the
frequency of the sound. The rate at which the
vibrations move through the tissue is the velocity
of the sound.
22. The sound in most diagnostic ultrasound
systems is emitted in pulses rather than a
continuous stream of vibrations. At any instant,
the vibrations are contained within a relatively
small volume of the material. It is this volume
of vibrating material that is referred to as the
ultrasound pulse. As the vibrations are passed
from one region of material to another, the
ultrasound pulse, but not the material, moves
away from the source.
23. In soft tissue and fluid materials the direction
of vibration is the same as the direction of
pulse movement away from the transducer.
This is characterized as longitudinal vibration as
opposed to the transverse vibrations that occur
in solid materials. As the longitudinal vibrations
pass through a region of tissue, alternating
changes in pressure are produced.
24. During one half of the vibration cycle the tissue
will be compressed with an increased pressure.
During the other half of the cycle there is a
reduction in pressure and a condition of
rarefaction. Therefore, as an ultrasound pulse
moves through tissue, each location is
subjected to alternating compression and
rarefaction pressures.
25. As shown above, the space through which the ultrasound pulse
moves is the beam. In a diagnostic system, pulses are emitted
at a rate of approximately 1,000 per second. The pulse rate
(pulses per second) should not be confused with the frequency,
which is the rate of vibration of the tissue within the pulse and
is in the range of 2-20 MHz .
26. ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTICS
Ultrasound pulses have several physical characteristics that should be
considered by the user in order to adjust the imaging procedure for specific
diagnostic applications. The most significant characteristics are illustrated here.
The Characteristics of Ultrasound Pulses That Have an Effect on the
Imaging Process
28. As an ultrasound pulse passes through matter,
such as human tissue, it interacts in several
different ways. Some of these interactions are
necessary to form an ultrasound image, whereas
others absorb much of the ultrasound energy or
produce artifacts and are generally undesirable in
diagnostic examinations. The ability to conduct
and interpret the results of an ultrasound
examination depends on a thorough
understanding of these ultrasound interactions.
29. WHAT IS AN ULTRASONIC GENERATOR
The central element of an ultrasonic system is
the ultrasonic generator, the source that
provides the electrical energy to the system's
ultrasonic transducers. The job of ultrasonic
generator is to receive and convert energy from
the power source to the proper frequency,
voltage, and amperage.
30. Electrical current from the power line is
transmitted at approximately 100 to 250 volts
AC and a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. The majority
of ultrasonic systems require the ultrasonic
generator to supply the ultrasonic transducer at
a significantly higher voltage and the specific
frequency intended for the ultrasonic cleaning
system's operation.