Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body. Different ultrasound modes - A, M, and B - are used to examine different body parts and can be controlled by the operator. B-mode, or brightness mode, produces a 2D image map and displays echo signals as varying shades of gray. It provides a large field of view and allows real-time imaging of movement at rates of 10 frames per second.

1. Ripan
2nd Sem M.Sc.MIT

2. Ultrasound is an imaging method that uses
high-frequency sound waves to produce images
of structures within our body.
The ultrasonic image is an electronic
representation of data generated from
returning echoes and displayed on a monitor.

3.  Ultrasound imaging, different modes are
used to examine the different parts of
our body. The different types of modes
can be controlled by the operator .
These are follows:
 A MODE
 M MODE
 B MODE

4. Amplitude modulation.
Is the display of amplitude spikes of
different heights.
It represents the time required for the
ultrasound beam to strike a tissue
interface and return its signal to the
transducer.
The greater the reflection at the tissue
interface, the larger the signal amplitude
on the A-mode screen.

5. Consists of a x and y axis,
X represents the depth and y
represents the Amplitude
Depth
Amplitude

6. A mode is used in ophthalmology,
echoencephalography and echocardiology.
Used as an adjunct to B mode displays
when accurate depth measurements are
required.

7. No memory is built
Discards previous pulses as it receives
new ones
Permanent record made by photographing
the electronic display

8. Motion Mode is also called Time Motion or
TM-Mode.
Is the display of a one-dimensional image
that is used for analyzing moving body
parts.
Spikes are converted into dots.
The single sound beam is transmitted and
the reflected echoes are displayed as dots
This mode allows to trace motion

9. Varying intensities thus creating lines
across the screen.

10. ADVANTAGES:-
It is most useful in echocardiography and
fetal cardiac imaging.
DISADVANTAGES:-
• Only one dimension is represented
• Short time that can be recorded

11. B-mode means Brightness mode.
• Display of the 2D map.
• Display echo signal are electrically converted to intensity
modulated dots on the screen.
• Brightness depends upon the amplitude or intensity of the
echo.
• The B mode produces a picture of a slice of a tissue.
• B mode display is used both in generating M-mode trace and
in gray scale.

12. Large field of view obtained

13.  B-mode took a major step forward with the
advert of gray scale imaging in 1972.
 Display the great variation of the amplitudes of
the echoes arising from tissues as varying
shades of gray on a monitor.
 It was made by the development of scan
conversion memory tube called scan converter.

14. BONE TISSUE FLU

15. • Real Time imaging systems are those that
have frame rates fast enough to allow
movement to be followed.
• It can produce multiple frames in a very
short time, typically10 frames per second.
This allows movement to be viewed in
“real time” as the images are generated.

16. Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic
Radiology.
Essentials of ultrasound physics.