1. Normoblasts are immature red blood cells that are similar in size to mature RBCs and stain almost the same as most ribosomes are lost and more hemoglobin accumulates. 2. Polychromatophilic erythrocytes or reticulocytes are formed when a normoblast loses its nucleus but still retains some ribosomes, giving it a pink-blue stained cytoplasm. 3. Basophilic and polychromatophilic erythroblasts are larger developing red blood cells where the nucleus is condensing and hemoglobin begins to accumulate in the cytoplasm, producing different staining patterns.

1. Compiled By BFF, FYBPHARM, BCP.

36. Normoblasts are approximately the size of mature RBCs and stain almost the same since most ribosomes have been lost as more hemoglobin accumulates. The retain a small highly condensed (pycnotic) nucleus Polychromatophilic erythrocytes or reticulocytes are formed when a normoblast loses its nucleus. However, these cells still retain some ribosomes and combined with the hemoglobin, some polychromatic staining (pink-blue cytoplasm) is observed

37. Basophilic erythroblast s are large cells (12-15 um) with a large nucleus beginning to condense. The cytoplasm, full of free ribosomes, stains intensely basophilic Polychromatophilic erythroblasts are formed as the nucleus becomes more condensed (a soccer ball-like morphology) and hemoglobin begins to accumulate in the cytoplasm. The combined staining of the basophilic ribosomes and acidophilic hemoglobin give these cells a grayish cytoplasm

48. C 49 H 58 O 5 N 4 Fe Heme o C 34 H 36 O 4 N 4 S 2 Fe Heme c C 34 H 32 O 4 N 4 Fe Heme b C 49 H 56 O 6 N 4 Fe Heme a Chemical formula Heme

94. 2.Fibrin fibers inhibit the activity of thrombin. Thrombin acts to convert fibrinogen to fibrin, yet fibrin fibers have an inhibitory effect on the activity of thrombin. As the clot grows this inhibition intensifies. This constitutes a negative feedback loop, where the product of thrombin activity (fibrin) feeds back to shut off thrombin

95. CLOT REMOVAL The clot itself stimulates the secretion of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) from the surrounding vascular epithelium. TPA is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin .

125. COMPILED BY BFF F.Y.B.PHARM,BCP. OCT,2007. Ref:- Tortora,RossNwilson,Internet.