Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that causes redness, swelling and itchiness. There are many types of dermatitis including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen and can be either irritant or allergic in nature. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include a rash, blisters, dry cracked skin and itchiness. Treatment involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using moisturizers and topical or oral medications like corticosteroids and antihistamines.

2. INTRODUCTION
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin and which are
commonly swollen, reddened and irritatingly itchy. Although not
an alarming condition, this type of skin diseases can makeyou very
uncomfortable, unease and self-conscious.
Dermatitis is an itchy inflammation of the skin. It is not contagious
or dangerous, but it can be uncomfortable. There are many types of
dermatitis, including allergic dermatitis, eczema, and seborrheic
dermatitis (which causesdandruff).
A rash is an abnormal condition and reaction of the skin.

3. Dermatitis, also known as is eczema,inflammation of the skin. It is
characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping and crusting
patches. The term eczema is also commonly used to describe atopic
dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema.
The cause of dermatitis in unclear. One possibility is a dysfunctional
interplay between the immune system and skin.
Dermatitis is the inflammation of the skin characterised by erythema and
pain is called dermatitis.
DEFINITION

4. DEFINITION : -
ACCORDING TO BRUNNER AND SUDDHART -
Dermatitis is inflammation of the upper layers of theskin, causing itching,
blisters, redness, swelling, and often oozing, scabbing, and scaling.
ACCORDING TO LEWIS–
Dermatitis isan inflammation of the skin and which arecommonly swollen,
reddened and irritatinglyitchy.
ACCORDING TO LIPPINCOTT -
A medical condition in which the skin becomes red, swollen, and sore,
sometimes with small blisters, resulting from direct irritationof theskin byan
external agentoran allergicreaction to it.

5. Itaffects males and females and accounts for 10 to 20 percent of all visits to dermatologists (doctors who specialize in
the care and treatment of skin diseases). Although atopic dermatitis may occur at any age, it most often begins in
infancy and childhood. Women tends to develop thediseaseatanearlierage (20 to 40 years of age ) compared to men ( 60
to 70 years of age ), and womenareaffected more frequently.
INCIDENCE

6. STAGES OF DERMATITIS -
Acute dermatitis-
Acute dermatitis is characterised by erythema,
vesiculation and oozing, often with oedema.

7. Acute dermatitis

8. CHRONIC DERMATITIS -
Chronic dermatitis is characterised by thickened dry
patches, often lichenified from chronicrubbing
(increased Skin markings).
Lichenification is often predominantly follicular in
pigmented skin.

9. CHRONIC DERMATITIS

10. Generalized exfoliative
Seborrheic
Stasis Perioral
Atopic Nummular
Localized stretch
HerpitiformPompholix
CLASSIFICATION
Contact

11. 1.CONTACT DERMATITIS
Contact dermatitis is skin inflammation caused by
direct contact with a particular substance. The rash is
very itchy, is confined to a specific area, and often has
clearly defined boundaries.

12. CONTACT DERMATITIS

13. IRRITANT
TYPES OF
CONTACT
DERMATITIS
ALLERGIC

14. IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS : -
Irritant contact dermatitis,which accounts for 80% of
all cases of contact dermatitis, occurs when a chemical
substance causes direct damage to the skin; symptoms
are more painful than itchy. Typical irritating
substances are acids, alkalis (such as drain cleaners),
solvents (such as acetone in nail polish remover),
strong soaps, and plants (such as poinsettias and
peppers).

15. ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
Allergic contact dermatitis is a reaction bythe body's system to a
immune substance contacting the skin. Sometimes a person can be
sensitized by Only one exposure, and other times sensitization occurs
only after many exposures to a substance. After a person is sensitized,
the next exposure causes itching and dermatitis within 4 to 24
hours.

16. ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Atopic dermatitis is chronic, itchy inflammation of the upper layers of the skin
that oftendevelops in peoplewho have hay fever or asthma and in people who
have family members with theseconditions.
Infants may develop red, oozing, crusted rashes on the face, scalp, diaper area,
hands, arms, feet, or legs. Infants may developred, oozing, crusted rashes on
the face, scalp, diaper area, hands, arms, feet, orlegs.
Treatment
The scalp can be treated with a shampoo containing
pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide , an Antifungal drug,
salicylicacid and sulfur, ortar.

17. ATOPIC DERMATITIS

18. NUMMULAR DERMATITIS
Nummular dermatitis is a persistent, usually itchy, rash and
inflammation characterized by coin- shaped spots, often with tiny
blisters, scabs, and scales.
Most people benefit from skin moisturizers. Other treatments
include antibiotics taken by mouth, corticosteroid creams and
injections, and phototherapy.
Most people benefit from skin moisturizers. Other treatments
Include antibiotics taken bymouth, corticosteroid creams and
injections, and phototherapy.

19. NUMMULAR DERMATITIS

20. 2.SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS
Seborrhoeic dermatitis (also known as "seborrheiceczema") is an inflammatoryskin
disorder affecting the scalp, face, and trunk. seborrheic dermatitis presents withscaly,
flaky, itchy, red skin. The condition's symptoms appeargraduallyand usually the first
signs of seborrheic dermatitis arethe flakes of skin called dandruff.
TREATMENT :
Dermatologist recommend topical treatments suchas shampoos, cleansers or
creams/lotionsthat contain antifungal , antiinf lammatory, sebosuppresive or keratolytic
ingredients.

21. SEBORRHOEICDERMATITIS

22. STASIS DERMATITIS
Stasis dermatitis is inflammation on the lower legs from pooling of blood and
fluid. have varicose (dilated, twisted) veins and swelling (edema). It usually
occurs on the ankles but may spread upward to the knees.
have varicose (dilated, twisted) veins and swelling (edema). It usually occurs on
the ankles but may spread upward to the knees.
Treatment :
Long-term treatment is aimed at keepingblood from pooling in the veins around
the ankles. When sitting, the person should elevatethe legs above the level of
the heart. Antibiotics are used onlywhen the skin is already infected

23. STASIS DERMATITIS

24. PERIORAL DERMATITIS
Perioral dermatitis is a red,bumpy rash around the mouth
and on the chin that resembles acne or rosacea Perioral
dermatitis is distinguished from acne by the lack of
blackheads and whiteheads Treatment is with tetracyclines
or other antibiotics taken by mouth.

25. PERIORAL DERMATITIS

26. 3. GENERALIZED EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
Generalized exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) issevere inflammation that
causes the entire skin surface to become red, cracked, and covered with scales.
Treatment –
People with severe exfoliative dermatitis
often need to be hospitalized and given
antibiotics (for infection), intravenous fluids
(to replace the fluids lost through theskin),
and nutritional supplements. Corticosteroids
(such as prednisone) given by mouthor
intravenously.

27. GENERALIZED EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS

28. POMPHOLYX
Pompholyx/ dyshidrosis, is a chronic dermatitis characterized by
itchy blisters on the palms and sides of the fingers and sometimes
on the soles of the feet.
The blisters are often scaly,red, and oozing.. Wetcompresses with
potassium permanganate or aluminum acetate (Burow's solution)
may help the blisters resolve. Strong topical corticosteroid

29. POMPHOLYX

30. Dermatitis herpitiform :
Dermatitis herpitiform is a particular typeof dermatitis
thatappearsas a result of a gastrointestinal condition,
known as celiac disease.

31. DERMATITIS HERPITIFORM

32. 4. LOCALIZED SCRATCH DERMATITIS
Localized scratch dermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus, neurodermatitis) is
chronic, itchy inflammation of the top layer of theskin. Localized scratch
dermatitis can occur anywhere on the body, including the anus (pruritus ani )
and the vagina (pruritus vulvae ), but is most common on the head, arms, and
legs. In the early stages, theskin looks normal, but it itches. Laterdryness
scaling, and dark patches develop as a result of the scratching andrubbing.
Applying surgical tape saturated witha corticosteroid
(applied in the morning and replaced in the evening)
helps relieve itching and inflammation and protects the
skin fromscratching.

33. LOCALIZED SCRATCH DERMATITIS

34. GENETIC ALLERGENS DISEASE
NUTRITIONAL
SEASONAL
CHANGES
INFECTION
SICKNESS
STRESS
HORMONAL
SWINGS
CAUSES:

35. There is a vasoconstriction of superficial blood vessels and the
skin blanches readily
Cold and low humilidity are poorly tolerated because of drifting effects
Heat and high humidity are poorly tolerated because vasodilatation increases the
inflammatory reaction thus aggravating the dermatitis and causing increased the itching
and discomfort
Lesion become localized to the flexor surface of the neck , to the eyelids , behind the
ears , in the anticubital and poplital areas and at the wrist
The erythema is now dusty in colour and excoriations may
become secondary secondiarily infected
PATHOPHYISIOLOGY :

36. by the late twenties or early thirties the lesions usually disappear , but they
may recur at a late date as chronic hand or foot eczema
Person with atopic dermatitis is highly suseptable to viral infections,
especially herpes, and to bacterial infections, such as those caused by
staphyloccus or hemolytic streptococcus
There is also an increased incidence of fungal infection such as tinae.
By the late twenties or early thristies the lesions usually dissapper ,

38. various exogenous and endogeneous agent(dyes perfumes)
initiate inflammatory response of the skin
skin eruption present that are specific to causative agent
erythema, vesicles, scales and pruritis occur
PATHOPHYISIOLOGY :
Cause stretching In response to irritation and edema serous discharge and crusti
Long term irritation also causes thickened lethargy and darker skin

39. RISK
FACTOR
GENETI
C
AGE
MEDICAL
CONDITION
ENVORONM
ENT

40. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION :
Red rash. This is the usual reaction. The rash appears immediately in
irritant contact dermatitis; in allergic contact dermatitis, the rash
sometimes does not appear until 24–72 hours after exposure to the
allergen.
Blisters or wheals. Blisters, wheals (welts), and urticaria (hives) often
form in a pattern where skin was directly exposed to the allergen or
irritant. Itchy, burning skin. Irritant contact dermatitis tends to be
more painful than itchy, while allergic contact dermatitis oftenitches.

41. ALLERGIC CONTECT DEREMATITIS
Erythema swelling and pruritic vesicles in area of allergen
CONTECT DERMATITIS
Acute Phase-
pt have erythema itching burning exposed to agent.
Sabacute phase-
crusting, drying, fissuring, burning, exposed to agent
Chronic phase-
after repeted reaction pt. Scratch the skin
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION :

42. Symptoms of dermatitis
The symptoms of dermatitis range from mild to severeand will look different
depending on what part of the body is affected. Not all peoplewith dermatitis
experience allsymptoms.
In general, the symptoms of dermatitis mayinclude:
rashes
blisters
dry, cracked skin itchy skin
painful skin, with stinging orburning redness
swelling

44. MANAGEMENT :
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
•Bathing Reduce how often you bath or shower, using lukewarm water.
Showers are better. Replace standard soap with a substitute such as a mild
detergent soap-free cleanser : your chemist or dermatologist can advise you.
• Clothing Wear soft smooth cool clothes; wool is best
avoided.
•Irritants Protect your skin from dust, water, solvents, detergents, injury. Avoid
exposure to environmental or food allergens. Common foods that cause allergic
reactions are dairy, soy, citrus, peanuts, wheat (sometimes all gluten
containing grains), fish, eggs, corn, and tomatoes.
•Emollients Apply an emollient liberally and often, particularly after bathing, and
when itchy. Ask your doctor or dermatologist to recommend some to try; avoid
perfumed products when possible.

45. •Topical steroids Apply a topical steroid cream or ointment to the itchy
patches fora 5 to 15 day course.
•Pimecrolimus cream Pimecrolimus is a new anti- inflammatory cream shown
to be very effective for atopic dermatitis, with fewer side effects than topical
steroids.
•Antibiotics Your doctor will recommend antibiotics such as flucloxacillin or
erythromycin if infection is complicating or causing the dermatitis. The
infection is most often with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes .
•Antihistamines Antihistamine tablets may help reduce the irritation, and are
particularly useful at night.
• Other treatments Systemic steroids , azathioprine , phototherapy , and other
complicated treatments may also be used for severecases.

46. MEDICAL CARE
Corticosteroids-A corticosteroid medication similar to
hydrocortisone may be prescribed to combat inflammation
in a localized area. This medication may be applied to
your skin as a cream or ointment. If the reaction covers a
relatively large portion of the skin or is severe, a
corticosteroid in pill or injection form may be prescribed.
Antihistamines-Prescription antihistamines may be given
if nonprescription strengths are inadequate .

47. Cleansing Properly
Use The RightProducts
Protecting The Skin
Environment
Watch YourDiet
DrinkWater
Prescriptiondrugs
Reducing provoking factors
NURSING MANAGEMENT :

48. NURSIN
G CARE
PLAN

49. PREVENTION
: Dermatitis relies on an irritant or an
allergen to initiate the reaction, it is important for the
patient to identify the responsible agent and avoid it. In an
industrial setting the employer has a duty of care to the
individual worker to provide the correct level of safety
equipment to mitigate the exposure to harmful irritants.
This can take the form of protective clothing, gloves or
barrier cream depending on the working environment.

50. THYROID DISEASE
INTESTINE CANCER
VASCULITIS
ANAPHYLECTIC
COMPLICATION

52. CONCLUSIONS–
Atopic dermatitis can be treated by following a few basic rules
regarding skin hydration, use of a moisturizer, and topical steroid applications
to reduce inflammation. The distinction between the various types of contact
dermatitis is based on a number of factors. these findings have been
acknowledged not to distinguish [9], and even positive patch testing does not
rule out the existence of an irritant form of dermatitis as well as an
immunological one. It is important to remember, therefore, that the
distinction between the types of contact dermatitis is often blurred, with, for
example, certain immunological mechanisms also being involved in a case of
irritantcontactdermatitis.