Types of Immunity | Dr.BGR Publications
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This document summarizes the different types of immunity. There are two main types: innate immunity, which is the body's first line of defense and includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as internal responses like inflammation and fever. The second type is adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity, which is a more targeted defense that develops from exposure to foreign substances. Adaptive immunity can be either active, gained from direct infection or vaccination, or passive, received from another source like mother's milk or antibody injection. Active immunity is long-lasting while passive immunity only provides short-term protection.
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The document discusses the body's immune system and its defenses against infection. It describes two main types of immunity: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is always present and provides nonspecific defenses like physical barriers, phagocytic cells, inflammation and more. Adaptive immunity develops after exposure and involves a specific response. The document focuses on innate immunity and its many defenses, including the skin, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, and other mechanical barriers that protect the body from infection.
L6_immunity__system.ppt
The immune system has both innate (non-specific) defenses and adaptive (specific) defenses. The innate system uses physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus as well as cells that attack foreign substances. If pathogens breach these defenses, the adaptive system mounts an antigen-specific response using B cells, T cells, and antibodies. Vaccines help active immunity develop by exposing the body to antigens without causing disease. The immune system defends the body but can also cause issues like allergies and asthma when improperly activated.
Introduction to immunology BDMechanism.pptx
The document provides an overview of the immune system, including:
- Passive and active immunity.
- Three lines of defense: barriers, inflammatory response, and specific immune response involving B and T cells.
- Key immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells that provide nonspecific defenses.
- Specific defenses rely on lymphocytes that recognize antigens through variable receptor genes, generating immune memory.
Specific and non Specific immune responses
The document discusses specific and non-specific immune responses and immune disorders. It begins by defining specific and non-specific immunity, with non-specific immunity involving innate barriers and responses that protect against all antigens. Specific immunity provides targeted protection against specific pathogens through antibodies and T-cells. The document also examines four types of hypersensitivity reactions (allergies) and common immune disorders, providing examples to illustrate immune system functions and what can go wrong.
Body defenses against infection
The document summarizes the body's immune defenses against infection. It describes two main types of immunity: innate immunity, which provides nonspecific defenses like skin barriers and phagocytes; and acquired (adaptive) immunity, which develops after exposure and provides pathogen-specific responses using B cells, T cells, antibodies, and immunological memory. The immune system uses successive lines of defense, from physical barriers and phagocytes to inflammation and antibodies, to protect the body. Vaccines help produce active immunity by exposing the immune system to weakened or killed pathogens.
Immunity and Immunological Products HImanshu
B pharma
D pharma
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Pharmaceutics I
Immunity and Immunological Products
types of immunity
Immunology
Toxins antibody exotoxins endotoxins
Vaccine
toxoids
sera
B.C.G. vaccine.
cholera. pertussis, plague and typhoid vaccine.
typhus vaccine.
measles, small-pox. poliomyelitis and yellow fever.
diphtheria, tetanus and staphylococcus.
Diagnostic preparations containing bacterial toxins used for Schick test and tuberculin test.
Preparations containing antibodies (antiserum, and antitoxins)used to produce passive immunity
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Types of Immunity | Dr.BGR Publications
- 1. T Y P E S O F I M M U N I T Y
- 2. IMMUNITY • body's ability to recognize germs (OR) body’s ability to protect itself from an infectious disease • immune system's job is to help identify germs
- 3. IMMUNITY Immunity to a disease is achieved through the presence of Ab Ab: antibodies Note
- 5. Innate immunity External defense (OR) first line of defense Skin Sweat Tears Saliva Mucus Stomach acid Internal defense (OR) second line of defense Inflammation Fevers
- 6. SKIN • Protective covering • Primary barrier • Consists of the epidermis & dermis • Dry, acidic & temperature (37°C) ……………….. ? Epidermis: outermost layer of skin Note
- 7. SKIN Lysozyme Hair follicles & sweat glands produce lysozyme Lysozyme can kill bacteria Lysozyme: Naturally occurring enzyme Note
- 8. SWEAT • Sweating • from sweat glands • response to heat, exercise / stress.
- 9. TEARS • clear liquid • secreted by the tear gland found in the eyes of all terrestrial mammals lacrimal glands = tear gland Note
- 10. SALIVA • clear liquid • made by several glands in your mouth • 99%: water • 1%: digestive enzymes, uric acid, electrolytes, mucus-forming proteins & cholesterol
- 11. MUCOUS MEMBRANES • Found in respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, & the genito-urinary tract • Composed of epithelial cells • Contains an antibody called secretory IgA Epithelial cells: type of cell that lines the surfaces of your body Note
- 12. STOMACH ACID / GASTRIC ACID • watery • colorless fluid • produced by stomach’s lining • highly acidic • pH between 1 and 2 pH scale: from 0 to 14 Note
- 14. Adaptive immunity / third line of defense active immunity passive immunity
- 15. ACTIVE IMMUNITY • antibodies that develop in a person's own immune system • after the body is exposed to an antigen • This type of immunity lasts for a long time
- 16. ACTIVE IMMUNITY: MEMORY CELLS • B cells encounter a pathogen, they create memory cells • Memory cells: type of B cell • produced next the primary infection that can recognize the Ag • Memory cells can survive for eras • waiting within the body until the Ag invades again
- 17. ANTIBODIES y-shaped Proteins disease-specific
- 18. PASSIVE IMMUNITY • antibodies given to a person to prevent disease • given from mother to child before birth (through the placenta) after birth (through mother’s milk) • given medically through blood products that contain Ab • fast acting • lasts only a few weeks / months.
- 19. Active Immunity Passive Immunity Antibodies Produced inside of the body Introduced from outside of the body Results from •Direct infection •Vaccination •Mother’s milk •Injection •Mother to baby by placenta Takes effect Over time (typically several weeks) Immediately Length of efficacy Long-term to lifelong Short-term Produced by memory cells? Yes No
- 20. THANK YOU d r b g r p u b l i c a t i o n s @ g m a i l . c o m