Diseases of the Immune System
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Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by genetic defects that impair the immune system's ability to fight infections. They can be classified as humoral, affecting antibody production; cellular, affecting T cells and cell-mediated immunity; or combined. Common primary immunodeficiencies include X-linked agammaglobulinemia, isolated IgA deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, hyper IgM syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired, having underlying causes like infections, malnutrition, aging, or drugs. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
![YOUR ACTIVE IMMUNE DEFENSES Innate Immunity - invariant (generalized) - early, limited specificity - the first line of defense Adaptive Immunity - variable (custom) - later, highly specific - ‘‘remembers’’ infection 1. Barriers - skin, tears 2. Phagocytes - neutrophils, macrophages 3. NK & M ast cells 4. Complement and other proteins ,[object Object],2. Activated T cells provide help to B cells & kill abN/ infected cells 3. B cells - produce Ab specific for Ag](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Diseases of the Immune System
- 1. IMMUNE DISORDERS Noel C. Santos, M.D.
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- 40. Autoimmune Diseases Organ-Specific: Hashimoto thyroiditis Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (pernicious anemia) Multiple sclerosis Reiter syndrome Autoimmune orchitis Inflammatory myopathies* Goodpasture syndrome Autoimmune thrombocytopenia Polyarteritis nodosa* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Myasthenia gravis Graves disease Primary biliary cirrhosis* Systemic: Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)* Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune (chronic active) hepatitis* Ulcerative colitis*
- 42. centromere homogenous speckled nucleolar rim
- 44. Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of SLE Clin Mfnx Prevalence in Pts (%) Hematologic 100 Arthritis 90 Skin 85 Fever 83 Fatigue 81 Weight loss 63 Renal 50 CNS 50 Pleuritis 46 Myalgia 33 Pericarditis 25 Gastrointestinal 21 Raynaud phenomenon 20 Ocular 15 Peripheral neuropathy 14
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- 49. Thank you very much for listening……
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