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IMMUNITY: defence against disease
What is the Immune System? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Non-Specific Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second line of defence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second line of defence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second line of defence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Animation
Second line of defence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second line of defence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inflammation
Inflammation
Specific Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cells of the 3 rd  Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maturation of Lymphocytes
 
How B & T cells identify foreign material ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How B & T cells identify foreign material ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B cells and  ‘Clonal Selection Theory’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clonal Expansion ,[object Object]
How much antibody is produced? ,[object Object],There is no need for clonal expansion as a small amount of memory B cells are able to produce a large amount of antigen
Structure of an antibody ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Heavy chains (long) Light chains (short) Hinge Antigen binding sites
Antibodies When faced with a virus each binding site can join to a different particle, thereby forming an antigen-antibody complex and deactivating the virus Bacteria are much larger than viruses, but a macrophage has a receptor site for the long-chain end of the antibody and can engulf the entire antibody-antigen complex
T cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Helper T cells (Th) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Movement of B & T Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acquiring Specific Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Passive Immunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of Acquired Immunity
Monoclonal antibody production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immunity – what can go wrong? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Facilitates movement of  phagocytes in to area   Symptoms of the above
Rh Incompatibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rh Incompatibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rh Incompatibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Auto-immune diseases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple Sclerosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rejection of Organ Transplant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Immune Deficiency Disease (IDD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HIV / AIDS Virus Disruption of HIV-1  lipid surface
Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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8 - Immunity: Defence Against Disease