Cavity wall insulation involves filling the space between the two walls of a cavity wall with insulating material to improve the wall's thermal properties. There are three main methods of cavity wall insulation: fully filling the cavity, partially filling it, or injecting insulation into an existing cavity. Common cavity insulation materials include mineral wool bats designed to fully fill the cavity, rigid boards to partially fill it, and materials like foam or beads that can be injected. Proper installation techniques help ensure the insulation is effective.
FERROCRETE - MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODSjagrutib22
Ferrocrete - introduction, ferrocement, history, difference between rcc and ferrocrete, applications, advantages and disadvantages, construction methods, use of ferrocrete technology and other information.
False ceiling is provided below the roof slab on suspended supports. The false ceiling is usually provided for temperature control (heat insulation for AC), to install lights, or to conceal electrical and other networking cables and ugly or too high ceiling. Complete technical guide
FERROCRETE - MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODSjagrutib22
Ferrocrete - introduction, ferrocement, history, difference between rcc and ferrocrete, applications, advantages and disadvantages, construction methods, use of ferrocrete technology and other information.
False ceiling is provided below the roof slab on suspended supports. The false ceiling is usually provided for temperature control (heat insulation for AC), to install lights, or to conceal electrical and other networking cables and ugly or too high ceiling. Complete technical guide
I Will describe the following things in this document-
what is a false ceiling? types of false ceiling, how to fit a false ceiling, advantages of false ceiling, disadvantages of false ceiling and so many things in define. If any query so you can comment me in a comment box.
Energy efficient construction and training practices - 4 Timber wood houseMotiva
Best Energy Efficient Construction and Training Practices - Timber wood house
Material is primarily intended for further-education purposes for professional workers. Material can be used in teaching in classroom or self-study.
Teachers and students can use the power point material as a whole or they can pick up the most useful parts.
Including: Energy efficient structures, connections and joints, Ventilated 'crawling space' in timber wood house
Co-funded by the intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Union. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
The good practices and principles required for the energy efficient building have been included in the teaching material. The writers are not responsible for their suitability to individual building projects as such. The individual building projects have to be made according to the building design of the targets in question
Cavity walls, Building construction, passive coolingDhvaniR2
there is informations about cavity walls
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Normal 275 mm (11 inches) cavity wall is suitable for buildings nor exceeding two stories in height, consists of two half brick (4-1/2 inch walls with 2 inches cavity.
Cavity prevents the dampness from the outer leaf percolating into the inner leaf.
They provide excellent insulation from heat and sound.
When used in tropical countries: sufficient precautions must be taken to see that they do not become breeding places for lizards and insects.
Inner leaf is found to take a greater portion of the imposed load transmitted by floor and roof.
Two leaves of the wall are bounded together with ties usually placed 900 mm apart vertically and 450 mm horizontally in every 6th course staggered.
This gives more than 2 ties/ sq.m.
Cavity walls are those which are constructed in that way that an empty space or cavity is left between the single wall.
Also known as hollow wall
A little space is lifted between these two walls for insulation purposes.
These two walls having little space between them for insulation purpose are known as leaves of the cavity walls.
Out wall is called external leaf,
Internal wall is called internal leaf,
The empty space or cavity size should be in between 4 to 10 cm.
External and internal leaves should have 10 cm thickness.
These two leaves of cavity wall are interconnected by links or metal ties for strong bond.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
3. Cavity Wall Insulation (New Build)
To meet Building Regulation
requirements any cavity wall
built of 100mm facing bricks
and 100mm blocks has to
be well insulated between
the two walls. This simple
measure greatly increases
the thermal insulation
qualities of the building.
4. Existing Cavity Walls
Existing cavity walls
that are not insulated
can be upgraded by
adding the insulation
at a later date.
5. There are three
methods of
insulating
cavities:
1. Constructing the
wall so that the
cavity is fully filled
(full fill cavity).
8. Cavity insulation materials
1. As a cavity bat which is soft and
flexible, 455mm high and
1200mm long and available in
various thicknesses. They are
made from layers of mineral
fibres treated with a water
repellent. Water will not
penetrate through the bats but
will drain down between the
laminations of the bat. This type
of insulation material is
designed to completely fill the
cavity.
Cavity insulation material is
available in three forms:
9. 2. As a cavity board which is a
rigid board made of expanded
polystyrene bead board,
extruded polystyrene or
polyisocyanurate foam and
glass fibre. This insulation
material is designed to be
fixed flat against the cavity
face of the inner leaf of the
wall and to partially fill the
cavity.
Cavity insulation materials
10. 3. As expanded foam, granules or mineral wool
fibres which can be injected into the cavity
completely filling the cavity. Urea-
formaldehyde or polyurethane foam is widely
used. Mineral wool types of insulation are
treated with a water repellent to make them
more effective. Expanded polystyrene beads
are usually lightly coated with an adhesive
just prior to injection so that they will not settle
over a period of time.
Cavity insulation materials
11. Full fill cavity insulation
This type of cavity
insulation makes use of
soft flexible bats which
completely fill the cavity.
They are squeezed
between two rows of
ordinary wall ties spaced
at 450mm apart vertically.
Two ties are required at
the top and bottom of each
bat and at least 600mm
apart horizontally.
12. It will sometimes be
necessary to use small strips
cut from bats to gain the
correct height required
around windows and door
openings. The cut surfaces
of the pieces should not be
placed in contact with the
outer leaf as this will allow
water to be conducted
through the bat to the inner
leaf.
Full fill cavity insulation
13. When fitting insulation
bats over wall ties, a
neat slit is cut through
so that the bat can be
slipped over the wall tie.
The insulation bat
should never be forced
and damaged through
tearing or breaking off
the back of the bat.
Full fill cavity insulation
Fitting bats over wall ties
14. Storing bats and boards prior to
installation
Adequate and suitable storage must be
provided for bats and boards after delivery
to protect them from damage and theft.
Care must be taken to ensure that the
correct specified type, height and
thickness of insulation material is used.
15. Partial fill cavity insulation
This type of cavity insulation makes use of rigid flat
boards which are secured to the face of the inner
leaf and partially fill the cavity. They are securely
fixed using rows of special wall ties spaced 450mm
apart vertically. The ties have a round plastic device
which keeps the boards flat against the inner surface
of the wall.
When the boards are fixed in place, the clear space
between the face of the board, and the outer wall is
usually not less than 50mm and should be clear of
any mortar droppings.
17. Insulation continued into
cavity to prevent
cold bridging
occurring
Full fill cavity
insulation
Soffit
ventilation
Loft insulation
18. Good installation workmanship
The following precautions should be taken when fixing insulation in cavity
walls to avoid remedial work at a later stage:
• Mortar droppings should not be allowed to accumulate on top of the
bats positioned in the cavity.
• All bed and cross joints should be solidly filled.
• Excess mortar should be removed from the inner face of both leaves.
• Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines enclosed with the
insulation materials. These will also recommend the best sequence of
construction.
• Wall ties should be level or slightly sloping to the outer leaf.
• Use only wall ties specified, as they may be specially designed for
use with insulating materials.
• Bats must be closely jointed as condensation will form in the gaps.
• Always store insulation correctly, flat and never on bearers, to avoid
sagging out of shape.
• If insulation is required below ground level, resting on the cavity fill,
cut the insulation to fit below the first row of wall ties at DPC level.
Then start from DPC with a full height bat.
