False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various

1. Falseceiling
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION –IV
SEM – IV YEAR – II
033 MANSI PRAJAPATI - WOOD
034 SACHI MANVAR - POP
035 VIREN MARAKANA - GYPSUM
036 AAYUSH MISTRY - GRID FALSE CEILING
ITM-SAAD VADODARA

2. What is FALSE CEILING?
A dropped ceiling is a secondary ceiling, hung below the main
(structural) ceiling.
They may also be referred to as a drop ceiling, false ceiling, or
suspended ceiling, and are a staple of modern construction and
architecture.
HISTORY OF FALSE CEILING
Dropped ceilings and ceiling tiles were being used in Japan for
aesthetic reasons as early as the Muromachi Period (1337 to
1573)
Initially modern dropped ceilings were built using interlocking tiles
and the only way to provide access for repair or inspection of the
area above the tiles was by starting at the edge of the ceiling, or at
a designated "key tile", and then removing contiguous tiles one at
a time until the desired place of access was reached.
 Once the repair or inspection was completed, the tiles had to be
reinstalled. This process could be very time-consuming and
expensive.
 On September 8, 1958 Donald A. Brown of Westlake, Ohio filed
for a patent for Accessible Suspended Ceiling Construction. This
invention provided suspended ceiling construction in which access
may readily be obtained at any desired location.
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3. Types of false ceiling
(based on material)
wooden
ceilings
Gypsum
ceilings
Thermocol
ceilings
Armstrong
ceiling
PVC ceiling
etc
Advantages of false ceiling:
 A ceiling helps cool the room.
 When the height of the room is too
much, providing a ceiling helps to
reduce the height.
 "Reducing the height also helps in
reducing the capacity of the air-
conditioner ,covering the upper area
also has the multiple advantages such
concealing the wiring, lighting fixtures,
air-conditioning ducts, security
cameras, and other fixtures.
 The ceiling also acts as an attractive
base for all kinds of decorative electric
lights and fans. These apart, a ceiling
helps eliminate echo in the room. In
bathroom, ceilings can be provided to
hide the pipes or any other fittings
above. 02
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4. Disadvantages of false ceiling:
 One disadvantage with this ceiling system is reduced headroom. Clearance is
required between the grid and any pipes or ductwork above to install the
ceiling tiles and light fixtures. In general, a minimum clearance of 100 to 200
millimetres (4 to 8 in) is often needed between the lowest obstruction and the
level of the ceiling grid.
 A direct-mount grid may work for those who want the convenience of a
dropped ceiling, but have limited headroom. Stretch ceiling supports require
less than one inch of vertical space, and no space is required for tiles to be
lifted out with a stretch ceiling, but a greater clearance space may be chosen
to allow room for MEC or for aesthetic reasons.
 Dropped ceilings generally conceal many of the functional and structural
elements of a building, creating an aesthetic paradigm that discourages the
use of functional building systems as aesthetic design elements.
 Concealing these elements makes the complexity of today's advanced building
technologies more difficult to appreciate. It is also more difficult to perform
maintenance on or diagnose problems with the concealed systems.
 As a renovation tool, dropped ceilings are a quick and inexpensive way to
repair a ceiling or reduce HVAC costs. Some materials may show their age
quickly— for example, mineral fiber sags, is damaged easily when handled, and
stains easily, but stretch ceiling, tin and vinyl do not have these characteristics.
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5. Wooden false ceiling
Introduction
 IT IS USED BOTH FOR PROVIDING ROOFING AND FOR AESTHETICAL
PURPOSE IN A BUILDING.
 IT CAN BE USED BOTH FOR DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL PURPOSE.
Types of wooden false ceiling:-
• Drop ceiling
• Ceiling tiles Laying method of suspended ceiling
• Plank ceiling(tongue and groove)
• Coffered ceiling
• Suspended ceiling
Suspended ceiling
A non structural ceiling
suspended below the overhead structural slab or from the structural
elements of a building andnot bearing onto the walls is known as
suspended ceiling.
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6. • Drop ceiling
 A drop ceiling has two parts: drop
panels and a suspended metal grid,
which hangs below an existing ceiling.
Laying method
• Ceiling tiles
 Ceiling tiles are standard 12" x 12" or
16" x 16" squares that are attached to
an existing ceiling with easy-to-install
tracks and clips, nails, or glue.
Laying method
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7. • Plank ceiling(tongue
and groove)
 Tongue and groove ceilings look like
real wood and can be attached directly
to an existing ceiling or inserted into a
suspended grid system.
Laying method
• Coffered ceiling
 Coffered ceilings are formed with
recessed panels surrounded by
dropped beams that create a grid
pattern. It's a classic ceiling design
from Greek and Roman architecture
Laying method
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8. Name Rates
A.C.P SHEET 3mm – 58 rupee sq.ft
4mm – 61 rupee sq.ft
PLY WOOD 13mm – 150 rupee sq.ft
M.D.F 6mm – 21 rupee sq.ft
BLOCK
BOARD
71 rupee sq.ft
VEENER 69 rupee sq.ft
LAMINATES 37 rupee sq.ft
ESPESTO
SHHET
48 rupee sq.ft
SAAG
WOOD
2200 rupee cubic feet
Name Rates
PARTICAL BOARD 26 rupee sq.ft
Laser cutting 1min 15 rupee for all wood
false ceiling cutting
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9. WOOD MOLDINGS
Wood moulding, also known as wood molding or trim, is used
as an enhancing accent in a home.
Before the 19th century, the presence of wood moulding in
one’s home was a symbol of wealth and taste.
Nowadays, wood moulding is frequently used to conceal the
seam where a window or door converges with the wall or to
draw attention to the transition from the floor or the ceiling
to the wall.
Wood moulding is also used to cover the seam where two
pieces of panelling come together or as a chair rail to protect
the walls of your dining room.
Crown Moulding
Chair Rail
Baseboard
Casting
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11. •FALSE CEILING OF POP
• BASIC HISTORY OF POP:-
• First used in the 1700s due to large quarry deposits of gypsum located in
Montmartre, a district of Paris, which was a leading center of plaster.
• It is a mixture of calcined gypsum (calcium sulfate dehydrate), sand and
water.
• When these ingredients are mixed together and the subsequent paste is
allowed to dry, it hardens and forms a tough coating.
• As tough as plaster of Paris is when dry, it is still soft enough to be
sanded and carved.
• Artists use plaster of Paris to create sculpture surface.
• The Greeks and romans used plaster to create replicas of their more
famous artwork.
• The use of finely ground gypsum plaster to create decorative molding
was popular during the 18th and 19th centuries.
• Painting in fresco on a thin layer of wet plaster of Paris.

12. • Compositions of POP
• POP simply means plaster of Paris a type of
ceiling that originated from France.
• Use of a white powder (calcium trioxo
carbonate) for molding the ceiling into any
form and pattern.
• Finishing methods of pop
• Usually finished with application of paints.
• White paints are the most predominant choice
when pop ceilings are used.
• Advantages :-
• Best known for the aesthetic appeal and
flexibility with recesses and different levels.

13. Method for fixing the POP false ceiling
• Step 1:-
• FIXING THE FRAMEWORK DIRECTLY TO THE BEAMS OR
PLATER CEILING.
• Fixing a aluminum or wooden framework to act as supporting
structure directly to the existing ceiling or roofing beams.
• Wooden supports with a spacing of 40 cm.
• The panels are then screwed to the wooden framework.

15. • Step 2:-
• Fixing a suspended framework to a plasterd ceiling.
• Screw the supports to the existing ceiling using screws and plugs.
• Fix the supports at the same height.
• Step 3:-
• Fixing vertical struts to the supports
• Decide on the height of the new ceiling.
• Measure the desired height from the floor and make it off the 4 corners.
• Fix the struts with a spacing of 60 cm.
• Step 4:-
• Fixing the wall supports and framework members.
• Step 5:-
• Apply the insulation
• The insulations panels are then fitted over the framework members.

16. • Step 6:-
• Fix the first row of ceiling panels
• Screw the first ceiling panel to the left side against the wall, using 25
mm plasterboard screws with a spacing between srews of 20 cm.
• An 8 mm expansion gap between the panel and wall.
• This gap is later covered with a finishing strip.
• Step 7:-
• Cutting panels to length.
• at the end of the row,
• Measure the required
• Length and mark this
• Off

17. • Step 8:-
• Finishing the joints.
• Make sure the joints are clean and dust free.
• Fill the gap with grouting paste and a putty knife.
• Drying for 24 hours, apply the second layer if necessary and
sand smooth after drying.
• .

18. • Step 9:-
• Edging profile.
• For a neat finish in the corners, cut the ends of the finishing
strips at 45 degree.

19. • Companies of POP sheets:-
• 1. GYPROC FALSE CEILINGS
• 2.MADA
• 3.CERELEX
• 4.GYPSUM INDIA
• 5.UMAN
• COST OF POP PER SQ FEET IN VADODARA – 1 Rs.
• About POP sheets……
• Thickness- 10, 12, 14 MM
• Sizes-
• 6*4 feet (cost 380 Rs. – gyproc company)
• 2*3 feet
• Suspension materials:-
• Alumium and galvanized iron or wood.

20. *Now a days ,
gypsum tiles of
600*600 mm along
with the pop sheets.
*The grid is already
made of the tile size
and it is fixed upon it.

23. GYPSUM
RATES
•20 RS PER Sq. FEET
•15 RS FITTING CHARGE PER Sq.FEET WITH CHANNEL COST
•35 TO 40 RS WITH FITTING AND MATERIAL
COMPOSITION
•Gypsum rock when heated to 100-190°C looses ¾ of its water.
• CaSO4.2H2O → CaSO4.½H2O + 3/2 H2O
• Plaster of Paris
•This is low burning process and named as INCOMPLETE CALCINATION.
•When calcination is carried out at temperatures above 190°C all water is removed.
•CaSO4.2H2O → CaSO4 + 2H2O
• gypsum anhydrite
•This is high-burning process & COMPLETE CALCINATION
•Both of these products form gypsum rock by recombining with water.
•CaSO4.½H2O + 3/2H2O → CaSO4.2H2O
•CaSO4 + 2H2O → CaSO4.2H2O
•Calcination process is carried out in two types of kilns.
•Kettle Kilns
•Rotary Kilns

24. •To produce gypsum board, calcined gypsum is mixed with water
and additives to form a slurry which is fed between continuous
layers of paper on a board machine.
•As the board moves down a conveyer line, the calcium sulfate
recrystallizes or rehydrates, reverting to its original rock state.
•The paper becomes chemically
and mechanically bonded to the
core.
•The board is then cut to length
and conveyed through dryers to
remove any free moisture.
•Gypsum manufacturers also rely
increasingly on “synthetic”
gypsum as an effective alternative to natural
gypsum ore.
MAKING GYPSUM BOARD

25. OTHER USES OF GYPSUM
GYPSUM CAN INDEED ALSO:
• BE ADDED TO SOME BREAD AND DOUGH MIXES AS A CALCIUM SOURCE AND BAKING AID.
• BE USED AS A FILLER AND FIRE RETARDANT IN PLASTIC PRODUCTS.
• BE USED IN PORTLAND CEMENT AND SPECIAL CEMENT PRODUCTS FOR SET AND EXPANSION
CONTROL.
• BE A SOURCE OF CALCIUM AND SULPHATE SULPHUR FOR PLANT GROWTH.
• BE USED AS A MODELLING MATERIAL FOR TOOTH RESTORATIONS.
• BE AN INGREDIENT IN MANY PATCHING COMPOUNDS.
• BE USED WITH GLASS TO FABRICATE LARGE, LIGHTWEIGHT ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIONS.
• BE USED AS A MOULD MATERIAL TO FABRICATE CUSTOM BODY PARTS FOR TRUCKS AND
AUTOMOBILES.
• BE AN AID IN JUICE EXTRACTION OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

26. • RATES
• 20 RS PER Sq. FEET
• 15 RS FITTING CHARGE PER Sq.FEET WITH CHANNEL COST
• 35 TO 40 RS WITH FITTING AND MATERIAL
MARKET SURVEY
• COMPANY
• SUMERU TRADELINK PVT. LTD., AHMEDABAD
• SHALIMAR INTERIORS, NEW DELHI
• SAMAR GROUP, INDORE
• SIZE
• 3’ X 6’
• FEBRIC TAP
• FEBRIC TAP USE FOR TWO BOARD JOIN
• MATERIAL SUSPENTION
• L – SHAPE CHANNEL
• C – SHAPE CHANNEL
• PATTI CHANNEL
• SCREW
• WALL FAST BOLT

27. COMPARISON OF P.O.P & GYPSUM CEILLING
• P.O.P
1. P.OP BOARD SIZE 2’ X 3’
2. MORE JOINT
3. LESSER ON COST
4. REQUIRES MORE CHANNEL
5. PRICE OF Sq. FEET IS 30 TO 35
RS.
6. HEAVIER THAN GYPSUM
7. SHORTER LIFE SPAM
8. POSSIBLILITY OF CRAKE IS MORE
9. CUTTING IS HARD THAN GYPSUM
10. HAS LESS STRENGTH THAN
GYPSUM
• GYPSUM
1. GYSPUM BOARD SIZE 3’ X 6’
2. LESSER JOINT THAN P.O.P CEILLING
3. COSTLIER INSTOLATION THAN P.O.P
4. LESS CHANNEL THAN P.O.P
5. PRICE OF ONE Sq. FEET IS 35 TO 40
RS.
6. LIGHTER THAN P.O.P
7. LONG LASTING THAN P.O.P
8. POSSIBILITY OF CRAKES IS LESS
9. CUTTING EASIER THAN P.O.P
10. HAS MORE STRENGTH THAN P.O.P

28. ON SITE PICTURE