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Tutor isolated and attached piers .ppt1
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- 3. Isolated pier Attachedpier An isolated pier (can also be called a pillar) is usually built to carry direct imposed loads and its maximum height must not exceed eight times its least dimension.
- 4. Piers Piers may bebuilt any shape e.g. square, rectangular octagonal etc., but if circular it is termed a column. Attached piers may occur on one or both sides of a wall, or be formed at the end of a wall. The purpose of an attached pier is to :- • Provide the wall with additional strength to counter against lateral pressure. • Accommodate loading and transfer this load to the walling.
- 5. Lateral pressures Loading The BuildingRegulations state that external walls for small buildings such as garages, porches and conservatories, must be supported by piers at the ends and also along the wall length. Distance between piers must not exceed 3 metres.
- 6. To achieve apiers maximum strength careful consideration must be given to the type of bond to be used. Bonding must not only be correct on the pier face but internal straight joints must be avoided. Attached piers must be correctly bonded / connected, to the attached walling. THIS PIER HAS INTERNAL STRAIGHT JOINTS ¾ BATS
- 7. The isolated pier,shown below, is to be built 450mm x 450mm, in English Bond. Complete the arrangement of the bond for course 1 and course 2. Plan of course 1 Plan of course 2 Each ‘mark’ refers to quarter of a brick
- 8. BONDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR ATTACHEDPIERS TIED TO HALF BRICK WALLING
- 9. BONDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR ATTACHEDPIERS TIED TO ONE BRICK WALLING
- 10. Study these bondingarrangements (below) and state the bonds shown.
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- 12. QUETTA BOND (alsoknown as Earthquake Bond) Reinforced Blockwork For maximum efficiency the vertical reinforcement bars should be cast into the concrete foundation
- 13. Pad Stones The picture,shown below, is an attached pier with a concrete PAD STONE bedded on top. The pad stone is required to act as a substantial seating / base to place a beam onto. If the beam were made of steel, such as an R.S.J. (Rolled Steel Joist) or a Universal Beam, it would need to be bolted to the pad stone. The pad stone would require two holes / slots to accommodate the bolts, ideally RAG BOLTS. After positioning of the beam and rag bolts, the holes would be filled with GROUT. Grout is cement powder and water mixed to a consistency of cream.
- 14. Pad Stone Rag Bolt SteelBeam Concrete pad stone
- 15. The photograph belowshows ‘Screen block walling’ in between the brick piers. Screen blocks create a pleasing effect and are perforated (are pierced with holes). Why are perforated blocks ideal to use for this type of walling?
- 16. BONDING EXERCISES Complete thearrangement of the bond for the wall and 1 brick x 1 brick attached pier placed at the end of a half-brick thick wall, built in Stretcher bond, using half-brick lap. Each ‘mark’ refers to a quarter of a brick COURSE 1 COURSE 2
- 17. Complete the arrangementof the bond for the wall and 1 brick x ½ brick attached pier placed to strengthen a half-brick thick wall, built in Stretcher bond, using half-brick lap. Each ‘mark’ refers to a quarter of a brick COURSE 1 COURSE 2
- 18. PIER CAPPINGS / Piersare fitted with a protective ‘top’ known as CAPPINGS or COPINGS. BRICK CAPPING Over sailing course Coping
- 19. WHEATHER PROOFING ATTACHED PIERS Thisdrawing shows four ways that attached piers could be protected from the damaging effects of the weather. Capping Plinth bricks Tumbling in
- 20. What materials wouldthey be made from? • Capping – Concrete / Stone / Brick on edge • Coping – Concrete / stone • Plinth – Plinth headers and strechers • Tumbling in - Bricks