Presentation by Richard Bishop at the 12th Biennial Conference of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM) and the VIII International Conference on Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens (TTP-8) Cape Town, South Africa 24 to 29 August 2014.
Ticks are arachnids that are ectoparasites and vectors of disease. There are two main families of ticks - Ixodidae, or hard ticks, which have a dorsal shield and feed for days, and Argasidae, or soft ticks, which lack a dorsal shield and feed intermittently and rapidly. Ticks transmit numerous pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa. Common diseases include Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, canine ehrlichiosis, babesiosis. Treatment involves careful tick removal and use of acaricides, while prevention relies on host protection and environmental control.
Ticks are arachnids that can transmit pathogens and act as vectors for diseases. They have a leathery integument and their body is divided into two regions. Hard ticks have a dorsal shield covering their body while soft ticks do not. Ticks undergo morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to survive as parasites. They can transmit diseases like Lyme disease, babesiosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Prevention methods include personal protection measures, habitat modification, pesticide use, and integrated vector management.
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens and cause economic losses. There are two main types: hard ticks and soft ticks. Hard ticks have a dorsal shield and visible mouthparts, while soft ticks do not. Ticks go through egg, larva, nymph, and adult stages, and can have one or multiple hosts during their life cycle depending on the species. Both types feed on mammals, birds, and sometimes other animals, and can transmit bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that cause diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Control methods include personal protection, acaricides, biological controls, and vaccination of host animals.
This document discusses strategies for preventing tick-borne diseases including environmental, personal, and prophylactic measures. Environmental strategies involve controlling deer populations and tick populations. Personal strategies include avoiding wooded areas, wearing protective clothing, and applying insect repellents to skin and clothing. Prophylactic measures refer to the use of vaccines after a tick bite. The document also provides details on removing vegetation, spraying insecticides, wearing impregnated clothing, conducting body checks for ticks, and removing attached ticks.
Body lice are the most serious human lice because they can transmit diseases like epidemic typhus. Diseases spread by body lice are severe threats, especially to refugees and those affected by humanitarian crises. Controlling body lice requires insecticide spraying of clothing and living areas, in addition to personal hygiene measures.
Rats and mice are commonly used small mammals in research. Rats belong to the genus Rattus and there are two common domesticated species - black and brown rats. Mice belong to the species Mus musculus. Both rats and mice reproduce rapidly, are nocturnal and gregarious, and require specialized housing and diets. Common diseases for both include respiratory illnesses, parasites, and tumors. Proper husbandry is important for their health and well-being in a research setting.
Ticks are arachnids that are ectoparasites and vectors of disease. There are two main families of ticks - Ixodidae, or hard ticks, which have a dorsal shield and feed for days, and Argasidae, or soft ticks, which lack a dorsal shield and feed intermittently and rapidly. Ticks transmit numerous pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa. Common diseases include Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, canine ehrlichiosis, babesiosis. Treatment involves careful tick removal and use of acaricides, while prevention relies on host protection and environmental control.
Ticks are arachnids that can transmit pathogens and act as vectors for diseases. They have a leathery integument and their body is divided into two regions. Hard ticks have a dorsal shield covering their body while soft ticks do not. Ticks undergo morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to survive as parasites. They can transmit diseases like Lyme disease, babesiosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Prevention methods include personal protection measures, habitat modification, pesticide use, and integrated vector management.
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens and cause economic losses. There are two main types: hard ticks and soft ticks. Hard ticks have a dorsal shield and visible mouthparts, while soft ticks do not. Ticks go through egg, larva, nymph, and adult stages, and can have one or multiple hosts during their life cycle depending on the species. Both types feed on mammals, birds, and sometimes other animals, and can transmit bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that cause diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Control methods include personal protection, acaricides, biological controls, and vaccination of host animals.
This document discusses strategies for preventing tick-borne diseases including environmental, personal, and prophylactic measures. Environmental strategies involve controlling deer populations and tick populations. Personal strategies include avoiding wooded areas, wearing protective clothing, and applying insect repellents to skin and clothing. Prophylactic measures refer to the use of vaccines after a tick bite. The document also provides details on removing vegetation, spraying insecticides, wearing impregnated clothing, conducting body checks for ticks, and removing attached ticks.
Body lice are the most serious human lice because they can transmit diseases like epidemic typhus. Diseases spread by body lice are severe threats, especially to refugees and those affected by humanitarian crises. Controlling body lice requires insecticide spraying of clothing and living areas, in addition to personal hygiene measures.
Rats and mice are commonly used small mammals in research. Rats belong to the genus Rattus and there are two common domesticated species - black and brown rats. Mice belong to the species Mus musculus. Both rats and mice reproduce rapidly, are nocturnal and gregarious, and require specialized housing and diets. Common diseases for both include respiratory illnesses, parasites, and tumors. Proper husbandry is important for their health and well-being in a research setting.
Tick Borne Diseases of Public Significance and Integrated Vector ManagementDr Shifa Ul Haq
This document discusses tick-borne diseases of public significance in Pakistan and integrated vector management strategies. It provides information on tick biology, classification, and life cycles. Several important tick-borne diseases are described, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Q fever. The document outlines an integrated approach to vector management, including minimizing exposure to ticks, sanitation and exclusion methods, selective chemical control, and biological control using ants, birds, and parasitic wasps.
This document discusses ticks and the diseases they can transmit. It describes the life cycle of ticks, which have 4 stages: egg, larvae, nymph, and adult. Ticks must find a host at each stage to feed on and develop. It then profiles 3 medically important tick species in Ohio: the American dog tick, blacklegged tick, and lone star tick. For each, it provides pictures of the different life stages, descriptions of identifying features, habitats, hosts, and diseases they can transmit such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, tularemia, and others. It concludes with information on preventing tick bites, tick removal procedures, symptoms of diseases, and treatment options.
History , features and effects of cockroach on human beingsUmar Niaz
Blattaria, or cockroaches, are an order of insects that includes over 4,600 species worldwide. Four species are significant pests that are commonly found in human dwellings. Cockroaches have been around for over 350 million years, predating dinosaurs, and the order includes the common pest species like the American cockroach and German cockroach. While cockroaches can carry diseases and contaminate food, they also play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers and parts of the food chain. A variety of natural and chemical remedies can be used to control cockroach infestations in homes.
Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit diseases to vertebrate hosts like mammals and birds. There are two main tick families - Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) and Soft Ticks (Argasidae). Hard ticks have a complex multi-stage life cycle involving eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. They feed on hosts for several days between each life stage. Ticks can transmit diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Common hard tick genera include Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Boophilus. Each genus contains medically important tick species that transmit pathogens while feeding on different host species.
This document discusses the identification and characteristics of various ticks and mites of veterinary importance. It identifies key genera of ticks, including Amblyoma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, and Argas, as well as mites such as Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Demodex, and Tunga penetrans. It describes their life cycles, medical significance as vectors of disease, and potential control methods. The conclusion is that the student successfully identified and explained the ticks and mites and their importance to animal and public health.
This document summarizes common health problems affecting sheep and goats. It discusses the most prevalent parasitic, respiratory, hoof, reproductive, and metabolic diseases. For parasites, it describes the life cycles and symptoms of internal nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and protozoa. It provides treatment and prevention recommendations for each. For other diseases like pneumonia, footrot, abortion, mastitis, and pregnancy toxemia/milk fever, it discusses causes, clinical signs, and management strategies. The document is an extensive overview of the major health challenges sheep and goat producers may face.
This document summarizes information about different tick species and the diseases they transmit. It discusses the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) which can transmit southern tick-associated rash illness, human ehrlichiosis, and tularemia. It also describes the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) which transmits Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis. Finally, it discusses the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) which can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever. For each tick, it provides details on identification, life cycle, hosts, and the diseases they are able to transmit.
The class Insecta is the most abundant and diverse animal class, containing over 1 million identified species. Insects have three body regions (head, thorax, abdomen), three pairs of legs, and either two pairs of wings or one pair of wings. They have an open circulatory system and respiratory system of spiracles. Insects exhibit either complete or incomplete metamorphosis in their life cycles. Some insect orders include beetles, flies, butterflies/moths, bees/wasps/ants, and true bugs. Insects play both beneficial roles such as pollination and decomposition, and harmful roles as agricultural pests and disease vectors.
This document provides information from a presentation on internal parasites for sheep given at the Meat Sheep Alliance of Florida Fall Symposium. The presentation covered topics including the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, an overview of common parasites, anthelmintics (dewormers), anthelmintic resistance, and alternative parasite control methods. It discussed common gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, described various anthelmintic drug classes and resistance issues, and emphasized the importance of integrated parasite management to prevent further development of anthelmintic resistance.
This document discusses arthropods of medical importance. It describes different classes of arthropods including insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. Many medically important arthropods are discussed in detail, such as mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. The document outlines the diseases transmitted by these arthropods including malaria, dengue, plague, typhus, and scabies. It also discusses the principles of arthropod control including environmental, chemical, biological, genetic, and newer methods.
This document discusses different types of blood-sucking lice that affect humans, including their morphology, life cycles, and public health importance. It covers three main types: body louse, head louse, and pubic louse. Key points include their worldwide distribution, feeding behaviors, egg-laying habits, and roles in transmitting diseases like epidemic typhus. Control methods include insecticidal treatments, combing, boiling clothes/water, and chemical disinfectants. The document also briefly overview Cyclops, a freshwater copepod genus that can act as an intermediate host for diseases like guinea-worm.
Household pests in association with human beings and their managementVinodkumar Patil
This document provides information on various household pests that are associated with human dwellings and their management. It discusses insects like mosquitoes, flies, bed bugs, fleas, cockroaches, lice, silverfish and their role in transmitting diseases. It also covers social insects like termites and ants that damage household materials. For each insect, details are given on identification, disease transmission, and control methods like use of insecticides, repellents and biological control agents. The document thus serves as a useful reference for understanding common household pests and their management.
Contagious ecthyma results from infection by the orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. The orf virus remains viable on the wool and hides for approximately one month after the lesions have healed. It is very resistant to inactivation in the environment and has been recovered from dried crusts after 12 years.
[Photo: Negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of an Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus. The criss-cross pattern is an artefact caused by superimposition of images of top and bottom surfaces of the virion. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/CDC Public Health Image Library]
This document provides information on how to identify and get rid of rats, including:
1) Rats can carry disease and cause damage to homes, so it is important to take steps to remove them.
2) Rats live both outside and inside homes, hiding in various areas, so inspections should check potential hiding spots.
3) Food sources that attract rats include garbage, pet food, fallen fruits, and improperly maintained compost piles.
4) Traps and poisons are methods for killing rats, but traps are safer to use inside homes to avoid poisoning other animals. Proper disposal of dead rats and cleaning of infested areas is also described.
This document provides a guide for identifying different tick species. It begins with an overview of tick taxonomy, then describes the key morphological features used to identify ticks, including their life stages, geographical distribution, hosts, life cycle, and pathogenesis. The guide highlights characteristics such as scutum pattern, festoons, capitulum length, and genital aperture location that can be used to distinguish among common tick genera like Ixodes, Dermacentor, and Amblyomma. Even engorged ticks can often still be identified by these visual features along with context clues about location and time of collection.
This document provides information about cockroaches and disease-carrying true bugs. It discusses the biology and life cycles of common cockroach species and their medical importance, describing how they can transmit pathogens and cause allergies. Details are given on identifying features and control methods for major bug types, including bed bugs and kissing bugs that transmit Chagas disease. The kissing bugs section focuses on the Triatoma genus, their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, and epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.
The document discusses arthropods of medical importance. It describes that arthropods include insects and arachnids. Insects have 3 body segments and 3 pairs of legs, while arachnids have 2 segments and 4 pairs of legs. The document then discusses the 4 main categories of medically important arthropods: nuisance biters, ectoparasites, mechanical vectors, and biological vectors. It provides examples of arthropods in each category and the diseases they can transmit. The rest of the document details the characteristics and medical importance of specific classes, orders, and examples of arthropods.
This PowerPoint presentation was prepared for the 2011 Missouri Livestock Symposium by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This document summarizes information about peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague. It describes PPR as a contagious viral disease affecting sheep and goats, caused by a virus in the genus Morbillivirus. The document outlines the clinical signs of PPR, methods of diagnosis including virus isolation, serological and molecular tests. It discusses the epidemiology and transmission of PPR. Prevention and control methods focus on vaccination programs targeting susceptible small ruminant populations.
Biosciences research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)ILRI
This document summarizes a seminar given by Steve Kemp and Vish Nene at the University of Nairobi on biosciences research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It discusses how livestock is a major global commodity and demand is growing. It then outlines ILRI's mission to improve food security and reduce poverty through sustainable livestock research. The document provides details on ILRI's strategic objectives, competencies, research teams, resources, facilities including the Biosciences eastern and central Africa hub, and examples of trypanosomiasis and vaccine research.
Tick Borne Diseases of Public Significance and Integrated Vector ManagementDr Shifa Ul Haq
This document discusses tick-borne diseases of public significance in Pakistan and integrated vector management strategies. It provides information on tick biology, classification, and life cycles. Several important tick-borne diseases are described, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Q fever. The document outlines an integrated approach to vector management, including minimizing exposure to ticks, sanitation and exclusion methods, selective chemical control, and biological control using ants, birds, and parasitic wasps.
This document discusses ticks and the diseases they can transmit. It describes the life cycle of ticks, which have 4 stages: egg, larvae, nymph, and adult. Ticks must find a host at each stage to feed on and develop. It then profiles 3 medically important tick species in Ohio: the American dog tick, blacklegged tick, and lone star tick. For each, it provides pictures of the different life stages, descriptions of identifying features, habitats, hosts, and diseases they can transmit such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, tularemia, and others. It concludes with information on preventing tick bites, tick removal procedures, symptoms of diseases, and treatment options.
History , features and effects of cockroach on human beingsUmar Niaz
Blattaria, or cockroaches, are an order of insects that includes over 4,600 species worldwide. Four species are significant pests that are commonly found in human dwellings. Cockroaches have been around for over 350 million years, predating dinosaurs, and the order includes the common pest species like the American cockroach and German cockroach. While cockroaches can carry diseases and contaminate food, they also play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers and parts of the food chain. A variety of natural and chemical remedies can be used to control cockroach infestations in homes.
Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit diseases to vertebrate hosts like mammals and birds. There are two main tick families - Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) and Soft Ticks (Argasidae). Hard ticks have a complex multi-stage life cycle involving eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. They feed on hosts for several days between each life stage. Ticks can transmit diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Common hard tick genera include Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Boophilus. Each genus contains medically important tick species that transmit pathogens while feeding on different host species.
This document discusses the identification and characteristics of various ticks and mites of veterinary importance. It identifies key genera of ticks, including Amblyoma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, and Argas, as well as mites such as Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Demodex, and Tunga penetrans. It describes their life cycles, medical significance as vectors of disease, and potential control methods. The conclusion is that the student successfully identified and explained the ticks and mites and their importance to animal and public health.
This document summarizes common health problems affecting sheep and goats. It discusses the most prevalent parasitic, respiratory, hoof, reproductive, and metabolic diseases. For parasites, it describes the life cycles and symptoms of internal nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), trematodes (flukes), and protozoa. It provides treatment and prevention recommendations for each. For other diseases like pneumonia, footrot, abortion, mastitis, and pregnancy toxemia/milk fever, it discusses causes, clinical signs, and management strategies. The document is an extensive overview of the major health challenges sheep and goat producers may face.
This document summarizes information about different tick species and the diseases they transmit. It discusses the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) which can transmit southern tick-associated rash illness, human ehrlichiosis, and tularemia. It also describes the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) which transmits Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis. Finally, it discusses the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) which can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever. For each tick, it provides details on identification, life cycle, hosts, and the diseases they are able to transmit.
The class Insecta is the most abundant and diverse animal class, containing over 1 million identified species. Insects have three body regions (head, thorax, abdomen), three pairs of legs, and either two pairs of wings or one pair of wings. They have an open circulatory system and respiratory system of spiracles. Insects exhibit either complete or incomplete metamorphosis in their life cycles. Some insect orders include beetles, flies, butterflies/moths, bees/wasps/ants, and true bugs. Insects play both beneficial roles such as pollination and decomposition, and harmful roles as agricultural pests and disease vectors.
This document provides information from a presentation on internal parasites for sheep given at the Meat Sheep Alliance of Florida Fall Symposium. The presentation covered topics including the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, an overview of common parasites, anthelmintics (dewormers), anthelmintic resistance, and alternative parasite control methods. It discussed common gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, described various anthelmintic drug classes and resistance issues, and emphasized the importance of integrated parasite management to prevent further development of anthelmintic resistance.
This document discusses arthropods of medical importance. It describes different classes of arthropods including insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. Many medically important arthropods are discussed in detail, such as mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. The document outlines the diseases transmitted by these arthropods including malaria, dengue, plague, typhus, and scabies. It also discusses the principles of arthropod control including environmental, chemical, biological, genetic, and newer methods.
This document discusses different types of blood-sucking lice that affect humans, including their morphology, life cycles, and public health importance. It covers three main types: body louse, head louse, and pubic louse. Key points include their worldwide distribution, feeding behaviors, egg-laying habits, and roles in transmitting diseases like epidemic typhus. Control methods include insecticidal treatments, combing, boiling clothes/water, and chemical disinfectants. The document also briefly overview Cyclops, a freshwater copepod genus that can act as an intermediate host for diseases like guinea-worm.
Household pests in association with human beings and their managementVinodkumar Patil
This document provides information on various household pests that are associated with human dwellings and their management. It discusses insects like mosquitoes, flies, bed bugs, fleas, cockroaches, lice, silverfish and their role in transmitting diseases. It also covers social insects like termites and ants that damage household materials. For each insect, details are given on identification, disease transmission, and control methods like use of insecticides, repellents and biological control agents. The document thus serves as a useful reference for understanding common household pests and their management.
Contagious ecthyma results from infection by the orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. The orf virus remains viable on the wool and hides for approximately one month after the lesions have healed. It is very resistant to inactivation in the environment and has been recovered from dried crusts after 12 years.
[Photo: Negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image of an Orf virus, genus Parapoxvirus. The criss-cross pattern is an artefact caused by superimposition of images of top and bottom surfaces of the virion. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/CDC Public Health Image Library]
This document provides information on how to identify and get rid of rats, including:
1) Rats can carry disease and cause damage to homes, so it is important to take steps to remove them.
2) Rats live both outside and inside homes, hiding in various areas, so inspections should check potential hiding spots.
3) Food sources that attract rats include garbage, pet food, fallen fruits, and improperly maintained compost piles.
4) Traps and poisons are methods for killing rats, but traps are safer to use inside homes to avoid poisoning other animals. Proper disposal of dead rats and cleaning of infested areas is also described.
This document provides a guide for identifying different tick species. It begins with an overview of tick taxonomy, then describes the key morphological features used to identify ticks, including their life stages, geographical distribution, hosts, life cycle, and pathogenesis. The guide highlights characteristics such as scutum pattern, festoons, capitulum length, and genital aperture location that can be used to distinguish among common tick genera like Ixodes, Dermacentor, and Amblyomma. Even engorged ticks can often still be identified by these visual features along with context clues about location and time of collection.
This document provides information about cockroaches and disease-carrying true bugs. It discusses the biology and life cycles of common cockroach species and their medical importance, describing how they can transmit pathogens and cause allergies. Details are given on identifying features and control methods for major bug types, including bed bugs and kissing bugs that transmit Chagas disease. The kissing bugs section focuses on the Triatoma genus, their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, and epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.
The document discusses arthropods of medical importance. It describes that arthropods include insects and arachnids. Insects have 3 body segments and 3 pairs of legs, while arachnids have 2 segments and 4 pairs of legs. The document then discusses the 4 main categories of medically important arthropods: nuisance biters, ectoparasites, mechanical vectors, and biological vectors. It provides examples of arthropods in each category and the diseases they can transmit. The rest of the document details the characteristics and medical importance of specific classes, orders, and examples of arthropods.
This PowerPoint presentation was prepared for the 2011 Missouri Livestock Symposium by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This document summarizes information about peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague. It describes PPR as a contagious viral disease affecting sheep and goats, caused by a virus in the genus Morbillivirus. The document outlines the clinical signs of PPR, methods of diagnosis including virus isolation, serological and molecular tests. It discusses the epidemiology and transmission of PPR. Prevention and control methods focus on vaccination programs targeting susceptible small ruminant populations.
Biosciences research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)ILRI
This document summarizes a seminar given by Steve Kemp and Vish Nene at the University of Nairobi on biosciences research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It discusses how livestock is a major global commodity and demand is growing. It then outlines ILRI's mission to improve food security and reduce poverty through sustainable livestock research. The document provides details on ILRI's strategic objectives, competencies, research teams, resources, facilities including the Biosciences eastern and central Africa hub, and examples of trypanosomiasis and vaccine research.
Virus culture techniques document outlines various methods for culturing viruses in the laboratory. It discusses how viruses differ from other microbes in that they are obligate intracellular parasites that cannot replicate outside of host cells. Three main virus culture methods are described: inoculation of laboratory animals, cultivation in embryonated eggs, and cell/tissue culture. Culturing viruses allows them to be isolated, identified, and studied. While animal inoculation was historically used, embryonated eggs and cell/tissue culture are now more common due to their lower cost and greater ease of use. The document provides details on techniques for culturing viruses in embryonated eggs, including candling, inoculation site marking, and exposing the chorioallanto
Epidemiological investigation of Peste des petits ruminants virus in small ru...ILRI
Poster prepared by Biruk Alemu, Getachew Gari, Barbara Wieland, Bewket Siraw, Wondweson Asfaw, Samuel Mulat, Daniel Tekesete, Demeke Sibhat and Reta Duguma, September 2016
This study tested the antibacterial properties of eggs from Manduca sexta tobacco hornworm moths and Zootermopsis angusticollis dampwood termites. Eggs were crushed and mixed with the bacterium Arthrobacter in increasing quantities from 1 to 10 eggs. Absorbance readings over 24 hours showed bacterial growth was lower in egg mixtures compared to controls, indicating eggs have antibacterial properties. As more eggs were added, antibacterial effects increased. This provides evidence that parental immunity can be transmitted to offspring in insects through eggs. Further studies controlling for maternal treatment are needed.
This document summarizes a student's microbiology laboratory work on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Lombok, Indonesia. The student cultured 56 clinical samples, identified 37 as S. pneumoniae through optochin sensitivity testing, and tested their antibiotic sensitivity and presence of cpsA and pilus genes. PCR testing found the pilus-associated genes rrg and pitb were present in 3 of the 40 isolates tested. Further testing of 8 selected isolates found 6 were negative for the rrg gene and 3 negative for the pitb gene, requiring confirmation of the pilus presence. The student thanked their collaborators and learned about S. pneumoniae through conducting these experiments.
This document discusses viruses that cause diarrhea. It begins by introducing the major viral agents responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide in children, especially in developing countries. The document then covers the clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of viral diarrhea. Under laboratory diagnosis, it details methods for specimen collection, processing, and storage as well as techniques for detection of viral antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids. These include ELISA, latex agglutination, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, PCR, and virus isolation in cell culture. The document concludes by discussing the epidemiology and taxonomy of rotavirus, the most significant viral agent of diarrhea.
Laboratory colonization of field Aedes aegypti and Culex rubinotus from UgandaILRI
Poster by Patrick P. Abila, Bernard Bett, Denis Mugizi, Kristina Roesel, Amira Al-Hosary, Yusuf Lukenge, Cornelia Silaghi and Ard M. Nijhof presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019: Research Program – Asia by Dr Pooran Ga...ICRISAT
Refining Product Concepts and ensuring alignment of Crop Breeding efforts to Product Concepts and Modernization of crop improvement programs to accelerate genetic gain.
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes. They include important pathogens like rabies virus. Rabies virus causes rabies, a fatal viral disease of the nervous system transmitted via saliva. It is bullet-shaped with glycoprotein spikes. Rabies has an incubation period of 1-3 months usually and causes symptoms like increased salivation, abnormal behavior, paralysis and eventual death. Diagnosis involves antigen detection and virus isolation. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, rabies immunoglobulin, and vaccination to prevent disease.
CRISPR-Cas is a genome editing technique derived from bacterial immune systems that allows for precise genomic modifications. The document discusses applications of CRISPR-Cas in plants, animals, and bacteria, including developing pest and disease resistant crops and livestock, modifying stem cells and embryos, targeting antibiotic resistant bacteria, and controlling gene expression.
Livestock genomics—Experiences from South AfricaILRI
Presented by Jasper Rees, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa, at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes. They include important pathogens like rabies virus. Rabies virus causes rabies, a fatal viral disease of the nervous system transmitted through saliva. It is bullet-shaped with glycoprotein spikes. Rabies has an incubation period of 1-3 months and causes symptoms like increased salivation, abnormal behavior, paralysis and eventual death. Diagnosis involves antigen detection and virus isolation. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleaning, rabies immunoglobulin, and vaccination to prevent disease.
The document summarizes constraints in livestock value chains in Africa and the role of science, technology, and innovation. It outlines nine critical facts about poverty, malnutrition, and the economic significance of livestock in Africa. It then discusses major challenges facing livestock production, including diseases, poor production systems, inadequate feed and water, and weak value chains. The document also provides examples of advances in animal nutrition, health, and marketing through applications of science and technology. These include new forage varieties, disease vaccines and diagnostics, and ideas to strengthen markets.
The document discusses applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and recombinant DNA technology. PCR can be used to amplify specific DNA sequences and has applications in fields like molecular biology, diagnostics, forensics, and food testing. Examples are given where PCR is used to detect HIV, Lyme disease, HPV, E. coli, cystic fibrosis, and more. The document also discusses transgenic animals and how foreign genes can be introduced into organisms like mice through microinjection. Transgenic mice are used to study gene expression and tissue-specific regulation.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
1. Tick Research at ILRI
Richard Bishop
8 International Congress on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens (TTP8)
and 12 Biennial Conference, South Africa, 24-29 August 2014
2. ILRI Tick Unit Workshop
ICTTD Cape Town 2014
• How Does ILRI Reintegrate into
the Global Tick Research Arena?
• How can we better utilise the ILRI
Tick unit -Collaborative projects?
•
3. ILRI Tick Unit- Tick Species
• Ixodid ticks (9 species)
• Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: 9 stocks
Vector of ECF- differences in vector
competence for Theileria parva
• R. zambeziensis, R.evertsi, R.pulchellus
• Amblyomma variegatum
• A.gemma
• Hyalomma anatolicum
• Boophilus (Rhipicephalus) decoloratus
• B.(Rhipicephalus) microplus
4. Tick Unit facilities and expertise
• Capacity for 16 cattle experiments for
evaluation of vaccines or acaricides
• Rabbit room with capacity for 48 rabbits
• Salivary gland and other tissue
dissection
• RNAi equipment
• Manager- with an agenda to develop s
bew scientific activities-Naftaly Githaka
5. Laboratory Capacity
• Advanced Molecular biology
infrastructure
• Next Generation sequencing
- 454 titanium
- Illumina Mi Seq
Library preparation specialist:
Bioinformatics Cluster
Systems Administrator
6. The First Commercial ‘Anti-Parasite’ Vaccine
TickGard (based on
recombinant BM86 gut
glycoprotein) from
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus
7. BM86 and homologues
• BM86 protects against Boophilus (Rhipicephalus )
decoloratus but not R. appendiculatus
• Homologues cloned from R. decoloratus and R.
appendiculatus-
• In three host tick R. appendiculatus moulting from
nymph to adults was affected
• Protection does not correlate with sequence identity-
Better efficacy with heterologus challenge
• Conserved epitopes identified-Pepscan Hylomma-
Rhipicephalus- Boophilus
8. ILRI-Evaluation of Unconventional
tick vaccine candidates in cattle
• Cement proteins
• RIM 36-Immunodominant in cattle- no protection
• Trp64-from IxodesPat Nuttall group protects against
human encephalitis virus- no protection in cattle
• Histamine Binding (Lipocalin fold) protein-ambiguous
results
9. Genomics and Functional genomics for novel
vaccine candidates
• Salivary gland EST databases developed in
collaboration with TIGR
• Amblyomma variegatum
• R.appendiculatus-infected versus uninfected-
Many differences (7000+) low abundance
• Suppression subtractive approach to look for
transcripts up-regulated in infected salivary
glands
10. Tick Genomics
• Genome organisation.
• Many Transposons
• Novel SINE element
• Allelic exclusion of very distinct RA86
variants in R. appendulatus lab stock
• Development of microsatellite markers
for R. appendiculatus laboratory and
field populations
11. A Wider Research Agenda
• Recent Review of ILRI tick unit by Peter
Willadsen-Ex CSIRO-recommended inclusion of
novel activities in additional tick species
• Activities related to direct tick control- Evaluating
vaccines and acaricides-Group 1
• Tick-pathogen interaction research-Group2
• Measuring tick burdens and impact –Group 3
Special focus on B. (R) microplus in Africa
12. ECF recombinant vaccine support
• Sporozoite production
• Tick challenge model-All current work is based on ITM (live
sporozoite and drug administration model)
• Investigate mechanisms of immunity from tick-delivered T. parva
• Tick-sporozoite antigen combination vaccines
• Complexity of challenge scenario-taxonomy of ticks using new
techniques and monitoring pathogen loads
13. ITM improvement irradiated sporozoite
vaccine
• Irradiated sporozoite vaccine
• Plasmodium-Malaria analogy
• Not fully researched for T. parva
• Interest from Sanaria
• Simplify composition of current vaccine.
14. Improved tick control
• Novel acaricide evaluation:
- Sigma-Genosys acaricide trial
New Vaccines-
• FER2 evaluation as a vaccine candidate in cattle for
b. microplus
• Participation in wider evaluation of novel candidates
from reverse vaccinology
15. Acaricide Resistance Monitoring
• In Collaboration with Ministries of Livestock
• Not Well researched in Africa
• Start in East Africa
16. Tick-Host-Pathogen interface
Theileria parva
Arthropod
vector
Pathogen-Host
Infection of vertebrate host
Role of tick salivary gland factors?
Parasite evasion of vertebrate host
Vertebrate host
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
Pathogen-vector
Pathogen has to overcome tick ‘barriers’:
1. Gut Invasion
2. Tick immune system
3 Salivary gland maturation
Tick- vertebrate host
responses
Prolonged attachment by Ixodid tick:
Tick injects a cocktail of peptides and lipids
Tissue cement to enhance feeding
Inflammatory responses
Immunomodulation
Haemostatic responses
17. ILRI Nascent Activities for
tick/pathogen interaction
• Two R. appendiculatus genetically related
stocks that differ in vector competence for T.
parva
• Metagenomics- Novel viral pathogen
discovery-Access to African tick species
18. Livestock Tick distribution and
Impact
• Special focus on Boophilus (Rhipicephalus) in
an African context- This tick is spreading
rapidly in South, East and West Africa
• Test for acaricide resistance not well
monitored in Africa
• What is the direct impact of ticks on livestock
production including milk?
19. Tick Challenge Model
• Efficacy of anti-pathogen or anti-vector antigens in the
field is difficult to test using a needle challenge in the
laboratory
• Needle challenge is a MODEL SYSTEM
• Therefore an experimental tick challenge system run in
parallel will be very valuable
• Baseline data on tick challenge has been generated at
ILRI using a selected low abundance line-designed to
be more comparable to field challenge
20. R. appendiculatus salivary gland EST
Data from T.parva infected and
uninfected females
• 18,000+ total sequences RA sequences.
7359 unique-Generated in collaboration with
TIGR.
• No Major clusters qualitatively different
between T. parva infected and uninfected
salivary glands
21. ILRI research-Combination
sporozoite-tick salivary gland
• T.parva p67 sporozoite antigen better in the
laboratory than the field
• Combine with salivary gland antigens
• Antibody responses can be induced against
seven distinct recombinant antigens P67, and
six salivary gland components
22. Better lives through livestock
ilri.org
The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.