Tick-borne parasitic infections are serious problem in the world as the population of ticks is increasing with people building homes in areas where ticks and their host live. Ticks are second to mosquitoes as an excellent vector for vector-borne diseases. There are only two known tick-borne parasitic infections: Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Babesiosis is due to the tick-borne parasites of the Babesia protozoa genus while Theileriosis is caused by Theilerias species which are obligate protozoan parasites. They are both transmitted by the Ixodid ticks. The symptoms of the infection includes lacrimation, nasal discharge, muscle pains etc. Tick-borne parasitic diseases can be prevented by avoiding places where ticks often live and also by using insect repellents.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
After showing this Presentation you will able to differentiate between each type of intestinal parasite in cattle.
In this Presentation we will study the life cycle of each type
And we will able to make control ,prevention and treatment of each type
This lesson is one small part of a larger science unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit comes with a bundled homework package, detailed lesson notes, worksheets, review games, and much more. Students learn about Parasites and then create their own PowerPoitn about a Parasite. I usually have the whole class run their presentations on their laptops. I turn out the lights, play some creepy music and the students roam the room visiting presentations and recording information. This lesson is just one small part of my curriculum.
Tick-borne parasitic infections are serious problem in the world as the population of ticks is increasing with people building homes in areas where ticks and their host live. Ticks are second to mosquitoes as an excellent vector for vector-borne diseases. There are only two known tick-borne parasitic infections: Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Babesiosis is due to the tick-borne parasites of the Babesia protozoa genus while Theileriosis is caused by Theilerias species which are obligate protozoan parasites. They are both transmitted by the Ixodid ticks. The symptoms of the infection includes lacrimation, nasal discharge, muscle pains etc. Tick-borne parasitic diseases can be prevented by avoiding places where ticks often live and also by using insect repellents.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
After showing this Presentation you will able to differentiate between each type of intestinal parasite in cattle.
In this Presentation we will study the life cycle of each type
And we will able to make control ,prevention and treatment of each type
This lesson is one small part of a larger science unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit comes with a bundled homework package, detailed lesson notes, worksheets, review games, and much more. Students learn about Parasites and then create their own PowerPoitn about a Parasite. I usually have the whole class run their presentations on their laptops. I turn out the lights, play some creepy music and the students roam the room visiting presentations and recording information. This lesson is just one small part of my curriculum.
HEAD Lice (Lice)
What is Lice?
The head louse is an obligate ectoparasite of humans that causes head lice infestation. Head lice are wingless insects spending their entire life on the human scalp and feeding exclusively on human blood.
Scientific name: Pediculus humanus capitis
Length: 0.25 – 0.3 cm (Adult)
Structure and Food
Head lice have no wings, so they cannot fly. They have six legs with claws at the ends—that is how they attach themselves to hair.
Lice feed on blood—they use their mouth parts to bite into the skin and secrete a substance that acts to block clotting. They feed about four to five times every day.
Where Do They Come From?
Head lice infestations can happen to anyone, but they are a particular concern for school-age children. It is important to emphasize that poor hygiene, skipped baths or showers, or any other hygiene issue is not the cause of head lice. Children who live in crowded conditions may have more of a problem with head lice, but that is only because they are living close to one another and may sleep in the same bed. The only way head lice spread from one person to another is by direct head-to-head contact (as when kids hug or put their heads together to look at the same book) or by the sharing of hats, caps, hair ties, scarves, or any personal item such as combs or brushes.
Where They live?
Head lice can be found anywhere on the scalp, but are commonly found on hairs at the back of the neck and around the ears.
What Are the Symptoms of Head Lice?
Symptoms of head lice include:
extreme scalp itchiness
feeling like something is crawling on your scalp
sores and scabs on your scalp from scratching
Who Is at Risk for Head Lice?
Preschool and elementary school students have the highest risk of getting head lice. They tend to play closely together and share items that touch their heads. There is also an increased risk of head lice for family members of school-aged children. People who work in a day care center, preschool, or elementary school share this risk.
Thankyou! :)
Taxonomic Collections: Parasites and ChordatesManideep Raj
The presentation provides detailed methods for the collection of ecto and end parasites as well as lower chordates, fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals for taxonomic purposes
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
They have distinct cell nuclei and membrane-bound organelles which allow for compartmentalization and dedication of specific areas of the cell for specific functions.
Plays a very important role in the phylogeny of all eukaryotes.
They serve as the stem group for the fungi, plants, and animals.
Major groups within this kingdom include the algae, euglenoids, ciliates, protozoans and flagellates.
Study of Insects to for the purpose of identifying post mortem information like time since death, movement of body after death, wound identification etc.
Classifying Life
The Three Domains of Life
Bacteria
Archaea
Protists
Plants
Moving Water Up a Tree
Fungi
Animals
How Birds Fly
Viruses and Prions
Science and Society: Swine Flu
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 3
Arthropods
• Invertebrate animals
that have jointed
limbs, a segmented
body, and an
exoskeleton.
• Examples are
– Insects
– Arachnids
– Centipedes
– Crustaceans
4. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 4
Arthropods As Parasites
Certain insects and arachnids become
parasites when they transmit pathologic
organisms, cause skin irritations, and produce
toxins.
5. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 5
Insect Characteristics
• Insects have six legs
• Many have wings
• But some are wingless
6. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 6
Arachnid Characteristics
• Have eight legs
• Wingless
• Some produce
toxins
• Some are so small
must be seen under
a microscope
7. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 7
Flies
• “That person is so
nice.” “He wouldn’t
even harm a fly”.
• These two statements
sometimes give the
impression that the
fly, although
sometimes annoying, is
harmless.
• This is far from the
truth.
8. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 8
Flies
• Running from flies will
cause the animal to use
up energy which
sometimes will result in
weight loss.
• Some flies bite, (female
mosquitoes), which
causes blood loss,
tissue damage, and can
transmit bacterial, viral,
and parasitic diseases
to the host.
9. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 9
Biting and Nuisance Flies
• Biting
– Mosquitoes
– Black flies
– Horse flies
– Deer flies
– Stable flies
– Photo credit: Bastiaan (Bart) Drees
• Nuisance
– House flies
– Face flies
– Bottle flies
10. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 10
Biting and Nuisance Flies
• Biting
– Deliver painful bites
– Loose weight
– Carry diseases
• Nuisance
– The do not bite
– Carry diseases
– Annoy by feeding on eye
and nose secretions
11. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 11
The Stable Fly
• Carriers of disease
• Annoying blood
suckers
• Require moist
places to lay eggs
Photo by : Jim Kalisch, UNL Entomology
12. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 12
Horn Flies
• Blood suckers and very
annoying
• Half the size of the
housefly
• Majority of lifecycle spent
on or near cattle
• Cow spends a majority of
her time trying to get
away from the pests thus
reducing production
• Photo by : Jim Kalisch, UNL Entomology
• Photo by: Jack Campbell, UNL Entomology
13. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 13
Bot Flies
Cause animals to panic which is called “Gadding”
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of Florida
14. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 14
Bot Flies
• Eggs hatch and penetrate the skin
CREDITS: Dr. Donald A. Rutz - Dr.
Phillip E. Kaufman, Cornell
University, Dept. of Entomology
15. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 15
Bot Flies
• Maggots (larvae) are parasitic
• Migrate to back, form warbles, cut breathing
holes
• Damage to the hide
CREDITS: Dr. Donald A. Rutz - Dr. Phillip E. Kaufman, Cornell University, Dept. of
Entomology
16. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 16
Cuterebra
Infect rabbits, mice, rats, and squirrels but rarely
problem in cats and dogs
17. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 17
Cuterebra
Also known as bots
Photo by : Jim Kalisch
UNL Entomology
18. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 18
Cuterebra
Larvae known as wolf or wolf worms
Courtesy of Shari Nelsen, Lincoln
19. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 19
Sheep Keds
• Wingless fly spending entire lifecycle on sheep
• Deposits fully develop larvae in the wool not eggs
• Adults feed off the blood causing intense pain
• Spring shearing and some insecticides
20. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 20
The Screwworm Fly
• Myiasis – Larval fly disease
• Eradication in U.S. in the 1950’s
• Sterilization of the male
• Importation restrictions
Photos by: The National Agricultural Library Special Collections
21. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 21
Fleas
• They bite the animal and eat
the blood.
• Can be an intermediate host;
i.e. tapeworm
• Carries several diseases; i.e.
Bubonic plague
• Life cycle can be as short as 16
days or as long as 2 years
• The adult will lay her eggs but
they do not stick to the host
• “Flea dirt” is the source of
food for the larvae
22. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 22
Flea Lifecycle - Ctenocephalides
1. Female flea
feeds on
host’s blood
and lays eggs
2. Eggs fall
off host
3. Eggs hatch in 2 to 12 days
4. Larvae pupates
for 7 days to 2 years
5. Adult emerges
and looks for
new host
23. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 23
Are These Mites or Lice?
Two Orders of Lice
Anoplura – Sucking Lice Mallophaga – Biting Lice
24. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 24
Lice
• Lice can infest dogs and
cats year round
• Horses and cattle usually
get lice in the winter
• Lice are very host specific
• They must live on their
host at all times
• Can cause intense
itching, pain, and hair
loss
25. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 25
Lice Lifecycle
2. Adult lice
must live on the
host at all times
3. Adult lice lay eggs
called nits that stick
to host’s hair
4. Nit develops into
an immature adult
stage (nymph), then
into an adult
1. Lice are passed to
others by direct
contact with an
infested host
26. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 26
Lice Versus Mites
Hog Louse
– Insect
– 6 legs
– Can be seen
Scroptic Mange Mite
– Arachnids
– 8 legs
– Cannot be Seen
27. ACT - Ectoparasite Id and Lifecycles 27
Mites
• Not know if host specific
• Transmission to humans is by physical
contact.
• Secondary infections from scratching
• Female burrows into skin, lays eggs, larvae
migrate to the top and wanders around
causing intense irritation of the skin
28. Common bedbugs (Cimex lectularius)
• Are flattened, oval, reddish brown insects that
inhabits houses, furniture, and neglected
beds. They feed on man, usually at night,
causing itchy bites.
•
29.
30. Human fleas (Pulex irritans)
• Are small, wingless, bloodsucking insects that
act as vectors for the spread of such diseases
as plague…
•
31. Flea Biology and Ecology
Order: Siphonaptera
• Hind legs are adapted for jumping
• Adults are exclusively blood suckers (most are mobile, but
some are attached)
• The “attached” species are like the ticks, they put their
mouthparts in host and stays there for a while.
• Unfed adults live a long time, but they can’t really leave the
area where they are so they just hang out waiting for a blood
meal, and they are very active when looking.
• Somewhat host specific (not as host specific as lice), and it
varies with species.
32. Life Cycle
• Holometabolous
• Egg Larvae Pupa Adult
– 18 days to 20 months
• Eggs (3-18 at one time in several batches)
• Larvae need high humidity
– 9-15 days optimal (up to 200 days)
• Pupa
– 7 days to 1 year
• Adult
– Live up to 4 years.
33. History of the Black Death
• Named after the “bobos” that are produced.
• 1500-5000 cases each year.
• Originated in China
• Introduced to the U.S. at port cities, San Francisco.
• Occurs 4-5 times every 10-20 years.
• 200 million lives lost and counting…
• Minor disease in U.S. (N. Mex. 10-20 cases/year avg is 12)
34. Known and probable foci of plague. Plague is now largely
focal in distribution. It spreads rapidly in conditions of war
and other catastrophes, e.g. earthquakes. Epidemics still
occur from time to time.
35. Source: Dennis DT. 1998. Plague as an emerging disease. Emerging Infections 2. Scheld WM,
Craig WA and Hughes JM, Eds. ASM Press, Washington DC.
36.
37. Leeches
• Are any of the annelids from the class
Hirudinea, especially Hirudo medicinalis. Some
species are bloodsuckers and were once used
to draw blood out of those who were ill.
38. Lice (singular louse)
• Are grayish, wingless, and somewhat flattened
parasetic insects that belong to the suborder
Anoplura. They are usually found in crowded
areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Infestations are called pediculosis. Lice live on the
blood of a host, obtained by piercing the skin and
sucking the blood through their mouth parts. The
area bitten becomes itchy and inflammed, and
often infected from scratching. They are often
vectors transmitting such diseases as typhus.
39. • Those parasitic to humans are:Human body louse
(Pediculus humanus corporis) lives on the body
and clothes of man.
• Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) attaches
itself to the hairs of the head, and are noted for
causing endemic outbreaks in school children.
• Pubic or crab louse (Phthirus pubis) is often
sexually transmitted. It resembles a miniature
crab, and causes intense itching in the pubic
area, but it can also infect the
eyebrows, eyelashes, and beards.
40. Vector Biology
All three types of lice:
• Are ectoparasites: lice live on the surface of
the host
• Move by crawling, as opposed to flying
• Have humans as their only host
• Have similar life cycles
Head Lice Body Lice Pubic Lice
41.
42. Mites
• Are arthropods belonging to the order
Acarina. They differ from ticks in that they are
minute and usually either transparent or
semitransparent. They are sometimes called
chiggers. Mites often burrow into the skin,
causing intense itching resulting in inflammed
areas of the skin. Mites live under four days
outside the body
43. Biology
(1) Dorso-ventrally flattened body.
(2) Claws adapted to grasp the host
(3) All lice are wingless
(4) Hemimetabolous Life Cycle
Egg Nymph Adult
44. Tooth amoebas (Entameba gingivalis)
• Are microscopic parasites that hide in the tiny
crevices where the teeth meet the gums.
Brushing does not remove them because they
change shape to conform to their hiding places.
As a beneficial organism, they eat mouth bacteria
and only become harmful when the lack of
hygiene forces them to multiply too quickly.
•
45. Ticks
• Are blood-sucking arachnid parasites that are
seen by the naked eye and act as vectors for
certain bacteria known to cause disease in
humans. They are the only venonous creature
that hunts down humans. Others try to avoid
them. There are two kinds of ticks: hard and soft;
and each carries different diseases. Soft ticks do
not burrow into the skin. Hard ticks do, and must
be removed with care, keeping their heads intact.
Dog ticks bring slow paralysis and even death to
children.
Editor's Notes
Ectoparasite: lives on surface of host, as opposed to inside the body (endoparasite) as with many other parasites we’ve seen. Do need blood meals to survive.Move by crawling: as opposed to flying or hopping, which affects the control and prevention measures needed. Feet are specifically adapted to human hair (cannot survive for that long if they fall off a human.) They can only live 1-2 days if they fall off of a human host. See photo on the top right of the slide for a zoomed-in look at the hooks on louse feet adapted to clinging to human hair.Humans as only host. There is no animal reservoir, which makes control measures different and potentially simpler than other parasites.Photo Credit: CDC http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/gen_info/faqs.html