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Insects
The class Insecta is the most abundant and diverse animal class, containing over 1 million identified species. Insects have three body regions (head, thorax, abdomen), three pairs of legs, and either two pairs of wings or one pair of wings. They have an open circulatory system and respiratory system of spiracles. Insects exhibit either complete or incomplete metamorphosis in their life cycles. Some insect orders include beetles, flies, butterflies/moths, bees/wasps/ants, and true bugs. Insects play both beneficial roles such as pollination and decomposition, and harmful roles as agricultural pests and disease vectors.
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Insects
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- 2. Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta(Hexapoda) 2
- 3. Most Abundant andDiverse Animal Class • 1,000,000+ species identified – May be as many as 30,000,000 • More than all other animals combined 3
- 4. Distribution of Insects • Air • land • In the soil • Parasites – Plants – Animals • Freshwater • Not marine??? 4
- 5. Characteristics of Insects •Three body regions – Head – Thorax – Abdomen • Three pair of legs • Open circulatory system 5
- 6. Characteristics (cont) • Twopair of wings – One pair in flies – Absent in some • Pair of compound eyes • Spiracles for respiration 6
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- 18. Insect abdomen Spiracle Tergum Cercus Ovipositor Pleural Sternum membrane 18
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- 21. Copyright © TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Insect Excretion 21
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- 25. Copyright © TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Complete Metamorphosis 25 From Raven/Johnson, Biology, 3rd ed., Copyright © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
- 26. Copyright © TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Incomplete Metamorphosis 26 From Hickman/Roberts/Larson, Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11th ed., Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
- 27. Digger Wasp 27
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- 32. Social Insects • Live in colonies • Queen • King • Soldiers • Workers 32
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- 34. Casts in aBee Hive • Queen – Lays eggs – Queen substance • Worker – Builds hive – Takes care of eggs – Attends to queen – Royal jelly • Drone – Fertilizes queen 34
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- 36. Swarm • New queen •Leaves with part of the hive to start a new colony 36
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- 38. Honey 38
- 39. Ant Colony 39
- 40. Casts in anAnt Colony 40
- 41. Ant Pheremones • Alarm • Food trail 41
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- 44. Beneficial Insects • Honey bee – Honey – Pollinates crops 44
- 45. Beneficial Insects • Lady bug • Eats harmful insects 45
- 46. Beneficial Insects • Silkworm moth • Lava produces silk 46
- 47. Beneficial Insects • Breakdown dung 47
- 48. Beneficial Insects • Blowfly • Decompose dead bodies 48
- 49. Beneficial Insects • Ichneumonid wasps • Kill harmful insects 49
- 50. Fruit Fly • Drosophila • Genetics research 50
- 51. Harmful Insects • Tentcatepillar • Pest of many trees and shrubs 51
- 52. Harmful Insects • Boll weevil • Destroys cotton 52
- 53. Harmful Insects • Mosquitos • Vector – Malaria – Yellow fever – Encephalitis – West Nile virus 53
- 54. Harmful Insects • Flea • Vector for – Plague 54
- 55. Xenopsylla cheopis • Rat flea • Vector for plague 55
- 56. Black Death • 1357-1350 killed 25,000,000 in Europe • 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India 56
- 57. Bubos 57
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- 60. Alexandre Yersin • Discoveredbacterium • Yersinia pestis 60
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- 62. Order Collembela • Springtails • 5mm long • Furcula for jumping • No wings 62
- 63. Order Thysanura • Firebrats •No wings 63
- 64. Order Odonota • Dragonflies • Damsel flies • Two pair of large wings 64
- 65. Order Orthoptera • Grasshopper • Cockroach • Praying mantis • Cricket 65
- 66. Order Dermaptera • Earwigs •Forceps-like cerci • Short wings 66
- 67. Order Isoptera • Termites • White • Broad waist • Winged and wingless 67
- 68. Order Homoptera • Cicada • Aphids • Leaf hoppers • Roof-like wings 68
- 69. Order Hemiptera • Truebugs • Front wing – Basal portion is leathery – Apical portion of wing is membranous 69
- 70. Order Coleoptera • Beetles •350,000+ species • Hard front wings meet midline • Back wings membranous 70
- 71. Order Lepidoptera • Butterflies – Knobbed antennae • Moths • Scales on wings • Larva are catepillars 71
- 72. Order Diptera • Flies •Mosquitoes • One pair of wings 72
- 73. Order Hymenoptera • Bees •Wasps • Ants • Four membranous wings • Narrow waist 73
- 74. Order Anoplura • Lice • No wings • Single claw • Sucking mouth parts • parasites 74
- 75. Order Siphonaptera • Fleas •Flattened laterally • Spines on legs and body • Parasites 75
- 76. The End 76
Editor's Notes
- #10 Fig. 20.8
- #11 Fig. 20.4a
- #13 Fig. 20.19a
- #14 Fig. 20.19b
- #15 Fig. 20.19d
- #16 Fig. 20.19e
- #17 Fig. 20.5
- #18 Fig. 20.6
- #20 Fig. 20.Fig. 20a
- #21 Fig. 20.Fig. 20b
- #24 Fig. 20.14
- #25 Fig. 20.24
- #34 Figure: FG31-18 Title: Honeybee society. Caption: Out of thousands of females in a honeybee colony, only one bee, the queen, is likely to bear offspring. Each colony is composed of numerous female worker bees, a small number of male drones—whose sole function is to mate with a queen—and the queen bee herself. Shown is a group of workers surrounding a queen in a North American hive.
- #40 Figure: FG31-19 Title: Fire ant society. Caption: Like honeybees, fire ants live in societies that are organized around the care of the one breeding female, the queen, and the eggs she lays.