It discuss about root system, monocot and dicot differences, functions of root system, T.S. Of dicot root system, cross section of dicot root system, parts - epidermis, root hair, cortex, parencyma, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles - xylem, phloem, pith difference between monocot and dicot root
This is a detailed presentation on Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia spp. with high quality pics and eye capturing transitions and animations
• Gymnosperms (Gymnos = naked, Sperma = seed) include the small group of plants with naked seeds.
• The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Paleozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
Xerophytes are plants which grow in xeric environment. They have adapted morphological, physiological and anatomical changes in order to survive in xeric conditions. Various anatomical adaptations in xerophytic plants which helps to absorb as much as water as possible, to store for long time and to reduce the rate of transpiration which enables them to survive in xeric condition are included in the presentation.
This is a detailed presentation on Morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia spp. with high quality pics and eye capturing transitions and animations
• Gymnosperms (Gymnos = naked, Sperma = seed) include the small group of plants with naked seeds.
• The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Paleozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
Xerophytes are plants which grow in xeric environment. They have adapted morphological, physiological and anatomical changes in order to survive in xeric conditions. Various anatomical adaptations in xerophytic plants which helps to absorb as much as water as possible, to store for long time and to reduce the rate of transpiration which enables them to survive in xeric condition are included in the presentation.
Seed is an important part of a flowering plant. They give rise to a new plant. They may be of different shapes, colours and sizes. They may be round, wrinkled, winged or hairy. They are in a dormant condition until they receive adequate sunlight, water, and soil. The growth of the plant from a seed is known as germination.
the top three theories of root apical meristem in plants. The theories are: 1. Apical Cell Theory 2. Histogen Theory 3. Korper-Kappe Theory.The root apical meristem, or root apex, is a small region at the tip of a root in which all cells are capable of repeated division and from which all primary root tissues are derived. The root apical meristem is protected as it passes through the soil by an outer region of living parenchyma cells called the root cap.
GALLOWAY’S SYSTEM OF INTERACTION ANALYSIS.pdfBeulahJayarani
It discuss about Galloway's system of interaction analysis in details. It also explains what is interaction, analysis, class room interaction, importance of interaction analysis, Category wise verbal & non-verbal behaviour, rules and regulations, advantages and disadvantages of it.
It discuss on safety and first aid in schools, home & play field. It also discuss on the qualities & responsibilities required for the first aider
1. TO SAVE LIFE
• 2. TO PREVENT FUTHER INJURY / To limit worsening of the situation
• 3. TO PROMOTE RECOVERY
It discuss about what is health, health education, aim, objectives, need, areas, scope, functional objectives, importance and new dimensions of health education.
It discuss on what is tissue, simple & compound animal tissue, it also disscusses on animal tissue structure and function of
a. epithelial
b. muscular
c. connective &
d. nervous
in detail.
Policies and programmes of inclusive education.pdfBeulahJayarani
It discusses on what are the policies and programmes helps to combine the special students with main stream of education. It also talks about old to new policies
It discuss on what is micro teaching, different skill of micro teaching, teaching & learning, importance of stimulus & variation - meaning, components of skill of variation, need & importance, INCREASE THE RETENTTION POWER OF STUDENTS…Some factors which influence students attention…..evalution sheet
It discuss on major skill of micro teaching, what is teaching & learning. Meaning and definition of skill of non verbal cues, components of non verbal cues, 1. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, 2.BODY MOVEMENT AND POSTURE 3. GESTURES 4. EYE CONTACT 5. TOUCH / HAPTICS & DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VERBAL & NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION, OBSERVATION CODING SHEET
It talks about what is learning resources. Principles of learning resources. Need and significance of learning resources. Limitations of learning resources
Under Learning resources it discuss on science laboratory. It also discuss on Science Express, Mobile Science Lab, activities OF Mobile Science Laboratory, Virtual Lab. COMPONENTS OF VIRTUAL LAB, BENEFITS & LIMITATIONSOF VIRTUAL LABS,ROLE OF TEACHERS, Field Trip or Excursion - INTRODUCTION, benefits of field trips, Science Fair, Exhibition and Talk on Science & major activities in the science fairs
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) chose to study behaviour through the use of what he called a Skinner box. Versions were created for rats and pigeons. It discuss about Types of behaviours - Respondent, operant,: Positive, negative, stimulus & punishment, and 6 elements also.
Robert Glaser developed this model in 1962. It explains the relationship between teaching and learning. Assumptions of Basic Teaching Model, Components. Step 1: Instructional objectives, Step 2: Entering behaviour, Step: 3 Instructional procedures, Step: 4 Performance assessments, Description of Glaser’s Basic Training Model, Principles of reaction
BRYON MASSIALS AND BENJAMIN COX SOCIAL.pdfBeulahJayarani
The social enquiry model is the outcome of the efforts of Benjamin Cox and Byron Massials. It also discuss on elements, Principles of reaction in detail
“Concept Attainment ( indirect instruction strategy) Model” by Jerome Bruner. It also discuss on Descriptions of Bruner’s Concept Attainment Model. Merits, limitations and applications of Concept Attainment Model
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
1. DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO), NET, Ph.D (Edn)
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34
2. ROOT SYSTEM
The root system is the
descending (growing downwards)
portion of the plant axis.
It elongates to form primary or
the tap root.
It gives off lateral branches
(secondary and tertiary roots) and
thus forms the root system.
It branches through large and
deep areas in the soil and
anchors the plant very firmly.
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3. Contd.,
The root system of a
plant constantly provides the
stems and leaves with water
and dissolved minerals.
When a seed germinates, the
first root to emerge is the
radicle, or primary root.
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4. DICOTS
Dicotyledon –
Monocotyledon
differences
MONOCOTS
In seeds, two
cotyledons (part
of the embryo)
Usually four or
five floral parts (or
multiples of these)
Usually a
netlike array
of leaf veins
Basically, three
pores of furrows
in pollen grain
In seeds
only one
cotyledon
Usually three
floral parts (or
multiples of
three)
Usually a parallel
array of leaf veins
Basically, one pore
or furrow in pollen
grain
Vascular bundles
distributed
ground tissue of
stem
Vascular
bundles
arrayed as a
ring in stem
vascular
bundle
There are two classes of flowering plants, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons
4
5. FUnCtIonS oF Root SYStEM
Anchoring: Roots are the
reason plants remain attached
to the ground.
Support: They support the
plant body, ensuring that it
stands erect.
Absorption: Primary function
of the roots is to absorb water
and dissolved minerals from
the soil.
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6. t.S oF dICot Root
ANATOMY
OF DICOT
ROOT
Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Pericycle Vascular
bundles Pith
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8. EPIdERMIS
The word epidermis come from the
Greek origin, epi-upon - derma-
skin “outer layer of the cell”
Role : to protect the cells from the
dangers of the outside world.
The epidermis consist of loosely
packed elongated cells with this
walls-cuticle
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9. It is the site for water
absorption is an
extension of epidermal
cells.
Root hair is made up
of unicellular.
Root haIR
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10. CoRtEX
In plants tissue of
unspecialized cells
lying between the
epidermis and
vascular tissue.
The cortex is made
of parenchyma
cells.
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11. Structure Simplest and thin
walled cell, fundamental tissue of
plant body.
Shape - isodiametric or
polygonal, thin walled with
prominent nucleus and vacuolated
cytoplasm.
Functions of parenchyma:
storage of reserve food materials
& mechanical support.
PaREnChYMa
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12. ENDODERMIS
The word endodermis is Latin
origin , endo-within dermis –
skin
The endodermis is the
cylindrical boundary of vascular
tissue-single layer.
Functions : regulate the water
and other substance that get
into the plant.
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14. PERICYCLE
It is a thin layer of
plant tissue.
It is present between
the phloem and
endodermis.
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15. VaSCULaR BUndLE
It is a strand of conducting vessels in
the root of a plant, typically with phloem
on the outside and xylem on the inside.
They are also called as “fascicle”
Vascular bundle consists of two main
parts.
xylem: the water conducting
tissue.
phloem: the food conducting
tissue
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17. Phloem:
Components of
phloem: sieve cells/sieve
tubes companion cells,
phloem parenchyma,
phloem fibres.
Companion cells also
present in the phloem.
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18. PIth
It is soft and spongy.
New pith growth appear
white but as it matures it
usually turns brown.
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20. dIFFEREnC BEtWEEn MonoCot and dICot Root
Dicot root Monocot root
The cortex area is narrow.
Pericycle: Gives rise to cork
cambium, parts of the vascular
cambium, and lateral roots
Has a limited number of Xylem and
Phloem
Xylem is Angular or Polygonal
Pith is Absent or very small and
undeveloped
Cambium is Present and formed by
the Conjunctive parenchyma
The cortex region is wide.
Pericycle: Gives rise to lateral roots
only
Has a higher number of Xylem and
Phloem
Xylem isRound or Oval
Pith isLarger and well developed
Cambium is absent
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