The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve that emerges from the pons and has both sensory and motor functions. It has three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve innervates parts of the face, eye, and nasal cavity. The maxillary nerve supplies sensation to the face, upper lip and teeth, and nose. The mandibular nerve is both sensory and motor, innervating muscles of mastication and supplying sensation to the lower face and lip.
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• The Facial nerve is the 7th of twelve paired cranial nerves.
• It is a mixed nerve with motor and sensory roots.
• It also supplies pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres to several
head and neck ganglia
Branches
1. Greater superficial petrosal – arises from the geniculate ganglion.
2. Branches within the facial canal:
• i) nerve to stapedius
• ii) Chorda tympani
3. After exit from stylomastoid foramen:
• i) Posterior auricular
• ii) Nerve to posterior belly of digastric
• iii) Nerve to stylohyoid.
4. On the face - Five major branches:
• i) Temporal
• ii) Zygomatic
• iii) Buccal
• iv) Marginal mandibular
• v) Cervical
hypoglossal nerve, origin course an termination of hypoglossal nerve, function of hypoglossal nerve, clinical examination of hypoglossal nerve, hypoglossal nerve palsy
Pain in facial area may be due to neurologic or vascularcauses as well as can be due to dental origin.
The main causes can be Temporomandibular joint disorders or trigeminal neuralgia.
Trigeminal neuralgia can cause abrupt,searing pain due to nerve irritation or damage.
It causes pain along the course of the nerve all over the face and will mostly be on one side of the face.It is treated with anti convulsant medicines or a series of surgeries.
TMJ pain can be due to tenderness in the temporo mandibular joint.It can be unilateral or bilateral.IT can cause difficulty in chewing and even in speaking.It can also lead to difficulty in opening of mouth due soreness of joint.It is usually surgically treated.
Dr Sachdeva's Dental clinic and Facial aesthetic centre is one of the leading clinics offering treatment for facial pain in Delhi. So hurry up and come book an appointment with us at Dr.Sachdeva’s Dental Institute, Ashok Vihar, Delhi which has state of the art clinic and all the latest and advanced equipments.
To book an appointment contact:
Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
Our Websites:
www.sachdevadentalcare.com
www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
Facebook- dentalcoursesdelhi
Youtube- drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin- drrajatsachdeva
Slideshare- Dr Rajat Sachdeva
Twitter Page- drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page- surgicalmasterrajat
• The Facial nerve is the 7th of twelve paired cranial nerves.
• It is a mixed nerve with motor and sensory roots.
• It also supplies pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres to several
head and neck ganglia
Branches
1. Greater superficial petrosal – arises from the geniculate ganglion.
2. Branches within the facial canal:
• i) nerve to stapedius
• ii) Chorda tympani
3. After exit from stylomastoid foramen:
• i) Posterior auricular
• ii) Nerve to posterior belly of digastric
• iii) Nerve to stylohyoid.
4. On the face - Five major branches:
• i) Temporal
• ii) Zygomatic
• iii) Buccal
• iv) Marginal mandibular
• v) Cervical
hypoglossal nerve, origin course an termination of hypoglossal nerve, function of hypoglossal nerve, clinical examination of hypoglossal nerve, hypoglossal nerve palsy
Pain in facial area may be due to neurologic or vascularcauses as well as can be due to dental origin.
The main causes can be Temporomandibular joint disorders or trigeminal neuralgia.
Trigeminal neuralgia can cause abrupt,searing pain due to nerve irritation or damage.
It causes pain along the course of the nerve all over the face and will mostly be on one side of the face.It is treated with anti convulsant medicines or a series of surgeries.
TMJ pain can be due to tenderness in the temporo mandibular joint.It can be unilateral or bilateral.IT can cause difficulty in chewing and even in speaking.It can also lead to difficulty in opening of mouth due soreness of joint.It is usually surgically treated.
Dr Sachdeva's Dental clinic and Facial aesthetic centre is one of the leading clinics offering treatment for facial pain in Delhi. So hurry up and come book an appointment with us at Dr.Sachdeva’s Dental Institute, Ashok Vihar, Delhi which has state of the art clinic and all the latest and advanced equipments.
To book an appointment contact:
Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
Our Websites:
www.sachdevadentalcare.com
www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
Facebook- dentalcoursesdelhi
Youtube- drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin- drrajatsachdeva
Slideshare- Dr Rajat Sachdeva
Twitter Page- drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page- surgicalmasterrajat
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Trigeminal nerve (nx power lite) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Trigeminal nerve examination
1.
2. Trigeminal Nerve
Anatomy
It is the fifth and largest cranial
nerve, which emerges from the
anterolateral surface of the pons as a
motor and sensory root.
The large sensory root expands to form
the “trigeminal ganglion”.
The motor root of trigeminal is situated
below the sensory ganglion and
completely separate from it and leaves the
skull through the foramen ovale
and, immediately below this foramen, joins
the mandibular nerve.
3. the trigeminal ganglion contain the cell
bodies of the sensory branches of the
trigeminal nerve.
From the anterior border of the
ganglion the three sensory branches are
arise which convey pain, touch and
thermal sensations from the face, oral
and nasal cavities to the CNS.
The branches are:
1- Ophthalmic nerve
2- Maxillary nerve
3- Mandibular nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
maxillary nerve
mandibular nerve
4. The ophthalmic nerve enter the orbital
cavity through the superior orbital fissure
and divides into three branches (frontal,
lacrimal, and nasociliary nerves) which
supply the eyeball, cornea, lacrimal
gland, upper eyelid, skin of forehead,
scalp, nose, and nasal cavity.
The Maxillary nerve leave the cranial
fosse through the foramen rotundum,
and entering the pterygopalatine
fossa and divides into (meningeal
branch, ganglionic branches,
zygomatic nerve, superior alveolar
nerves) which supply the Skin of face
over maxilla and the upper lip, teeth of
upper jaw, mucous membrane of
nose, the maxillary air sinus, palate,
and lower eyelid.
5. The mandibular nerve is both motor and
sensory, leave the cranial fossa through
foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal
fossa and divides into (meningeal branch,
masseteric, deep temporal, lateral and medial
pterygoid, buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual,
and inferior alveolar nerves) which supply the
muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior
belly of digastric, skin of cheek and over
mandible, lower lip, side of head, teeth of
lower jaw, mucous membrane of mouth and
anterior two thirds of tongue