This document provides an overview of transactional analysis (TA), an approach to studying interpersonal relationships and communication. It discusses key aspects of TA including ego states (parent, adult, child), transactions (complementary, crossed, ulterior), scripts, games, life positions, and stroking. The characteristics and behaviors associated with each ego state are described. The document also outlines theories governing behavior and the benefits of understanding TA, such as improved interpersonal communication and motivation.

1. Dr. K. P. Malathi Shiri,
M.Com, M.Phil, MBA,MHRM, Ph.D
Principal-Collegiate Education
Aachi Educational & Research Foundation

3. • Human behaviour is affected by perception,
learning, personality and motivation
• Individual behaviour affects and is affected by
others’ behaviour
• TA by Eric Berne is an approach to study inter-
personal relationships in an organization

4. • Helps to understand own and other’s
behaviour in interpersonal relationship
• Gives clarity on self and others in a
relationship

6. Aspects of TA
• Analysis of self- awareness
• Analysis of ego states
• Analysis of transactions
• Script Analysis
• Games Analysis
• Analysis of life positions
• Stroking

7. Johari’s Window

8. EGO STATES

10. Characteristics of Parent Ego
• Judgemental (Painter)
• Rule Maker
• Moralising
• Over Protective
• Indispensable

11. 2 Types of parents – critical and
caring
Behaviour derived from parents
• Values and morals
• Words and actions
• Standards

12. Adult Ego State- characteristics
• Based on reality-Fact finding and problem
solving
• Reliving life’s experiences and updating
attitudes
• Logical decision making backed by
information, reasoning, analysing, skilling and
then choosing from alternatives

13. Child Ego State – characteristics
• Immature behaviour
• Creativity
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Dependence
• Fear
• Joy
• Attention seeking

14. Atransactionisabasicunitofsocialinteraction
Stimulus--(PersonA)------------------------interaction-----------------------Response(personB)
Verbal,Non–verbal--------------------------Transaction------------------------

15. • TA – helps to determine which ego state
influences our behaviour heavily and the
behaviour of others
• Ego States determine the 3 types of
transaction – complementary
transaction, crossed transaction and
ulterior transaction

16. Complementary Transaction
Both people operate from the same ego state-
between parent, adult and child
• 9 different transactions like
 parent- parent
adult –adult
child –child
parent –child etc.

17. Crossed Transaction
• Sender sends a message from his ego state
• Reaches the receiver in his unexpected ego
state
• Outcome – blocked communication
• Incomplete transaction

18. Ulterior Transaction
• 2 ego states with the same person but one
disguises the other

19. Script Analysis-Complete plan of living
Winner
Loser

20. Life Scripts – Types
• Abandonment
• Mistrust
• Emotional deprivation
• Dependence
• Vulnerability
• Defectiveness
• Subjugation
• Failure

21. Life positions

22. Stroking
• Giving some kind of recognition to others

23. Types of Strokes
• Positive Strokes – recognition, approval
• Negative Strokes – hurting physically or
psychologically
• Mixed Strokes – sounds positive first but
hides a negative shade(Dress and colour;
mobile cost and model)

24. I love you
I hate you
You are a good person
You are a bad person
You are OK when you are
happy and pleasant
You are not OK when you
are angry and mean
You cooperate well and do
your chores well
You create trouble and
mess up your chores
You do OK when you take
the garbage out
You don’t do OK when you
don’t take the garbage out
Unconditional Conditional
Strokesfor
being
Strokes
for
doing

25. Game Analysis
Playing psychological
games when one does
not get enough strokes in
workplace

26. Features of Game analysis
• Transaction gets repeated
• Effective only socially or superficially
• One or more transaction is ulterior

27. • Games people play
• Greeting
• Camouflage –indirect hints
• Meeting
• Wooden leg- using excuses for gaining
sympathy (no patience because I am short
tempered)

28. Types of games
• Socially acceptable -1st degree
• Intimacy is high but has a bad end up – 2nd
degree
• Physical injury -3rd degree

29. Theories governing Behaviour
• Game theory – I am made that way
• Make me feel Theory – You make me feel
• You owe me theory – If only you change
• Subconscious theory – suddenly you got hold
of me and I could do nothing
• The fate theory – It was willed by HIM

30. Benefits of TA
• Better interpersonal communication
• Understanding ego states
• Better motivation
• Overall organizational Development