A tracheostomy involves surgically creating an opening in the trachea to allow for breathing. It can be temporary, permanent, or done in an emergency. Indications include airway obstruction, clearance of secretions, long-term intubation, and electively for surgery or radiation treatment. Risks include bleeding, respiratory problems, and infections. Complications can be early like accidental tube displacement or late like infection, skin breakdown, or tracheal stenosis. Tracheostomy tubes have parts like the outer cannula, cuff, and flange. Nursing care focuses on dressing changes, suctioning, humidification, and assessing for complications.