The document discusses touch screen technology. It describes how touch screens work by detecting touch input on a display, outlines different types of touch screen technologies including resistive, surface acoustic wave, infrared, and capacitive, and discusses some applications and advantages/disadvantages of touch screens. Future touch screen technologies aim to provide minimal power requirements, high accuracy, zero-pressure touch capability, and 100% display clarity. Touch screens are used widely in public, business, entertainment, and government applications and may replace mouse/keyboard inputs in the future.
That is touch screen technology as everything (laptop,desktop,mobiles,ATM machine) each and everything can be used by touch.so how it works.Take a tour of uploaded ppt.
touch screen technology contains some limitations with it, it is fast, accurate, user friendly and fun to operate .It is being widely accepted. With some modifications, it can completely replace mouse and keyboard completely in the near future.
That is touch screen technology as everything (laptop,desktop,mobiles,ATM machine) each and everything can be used by touch.so how it works.Take a tour of uploaded ppt.
touch screen technology contains some limitations with it, it is fast, accurate, user friendly and fun to operate .It is being widely accepted. With some modifications, it can completely replace mouse and keyboard completely in the near future.
A touch screen is a computer display screen that is sensitive to human touch, allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen.
In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of Elographics) while he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky.
A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area.
Touch screen can also sense other passive objects such as stylus.
The Screens are sensitive to pressure ; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen .
A basic touch screen has three main components :
Touch sensor
Controller
Software driver
Presentation on Baanto touchscreen technology. Confused about the different types of touchscreen technologies? Then check out this slideshare! Main goal is to help customers understand the major touch technologies in use today and to give the pros and cons of each. Includes resistive touch, PCAP, sound acoustic wave touch and shadow sense touch.
For more information lease visit: http://crystal-display.com/products/shadowsense/
A touch screen is a computer display screen that is sensitive to human touch, allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen.
In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of Elographics) while he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky.
A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area.
Touch screen can also sense other passive objects such as stylus.
The Screens are sensitive to pressure ; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen .
A basic touch screen has three main components :
Touch sensor
Controller
Software driver
Presentation on Baanto touchscreen technology. Confused about the different types of touchscreen technologies? Then check out this slideshare! Main goal is to help customers understand the major touch technologies in use today and to give the pros and cons of each. Includes resistive touch, PCAP, sound acoustic wave touch and shadow sense touch.
For more information lease visit: http://crystal-display.com/products/shadowsense/
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These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) class to analyze the near-term future for touch-screen displays. Improvements in durability, sensitivity, and flexibility are being implemented
A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that the user can control through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus/pen and-or one or more fingers.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
A touchscreen is a display that can
detect the
presence and location of a
touch within the display area.
The term generally refers to touch orThe term generally refers to touch or
contact to the displaycontact to the display ofof thethe
device bydevice by
a finger or hand.a finger or hand.
4. Continues…….Continues…….
The touchscreen has two main attributes:The touchscreen has two main attributes:
1.1. It enables one to interact with what is displayedIt enables one to interact with what is displayed
directly on the screen, where it is displayed,directly on the screen, where it is displayed,
rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad.rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad.
2.2. It lets one do so without requiring anyIt lets one do so without requiring any
intermediate device, again, such as a stylus thatintermediate device, again, such as a stylus that
needs to be held in the hand. Such displays canneeds to be held in the hand. Such displays can
be attached to computers or, as terminals, tobe attached to computers or, as terminals, to
networks.networks.
5. HistoryHistory
Touchscreens emerged from academic and
corporate research labs in the second half of the
1960s.
One of the first places where they gained some
visibility was in the terminal of a computer-assisted
learning terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the
PLATO project.
The HP-150 from 1983 was probably the world's
earliest commercial touchscreen computer.
It doesn't actually have a touchscreen in the strict
sense, but a 9" Sony CRT surrounded by infrared
transmitters and receivers which detect the position
of any non-transparent object on the screen.
6. DevelopmentDevelopment
• The development of multipoint touchscreenThe development of multipoint touchscreen
facilitated the tracking of more than one finger onfacilitated the tracking of more than one finger on
the screen, thus operations that require more thanthe screen, thus operations that require more than
one finger are possible.one finger are possible.
• These devices also allow multiple users to interactThese devices also allow multiple users to interact
with the touchscreen simultaneously.with the touchscreen simultaneously.
• With the influence of the multi-touch-enabledWith the influence of the multi-touch-enabled
iPhone and the Nintendo DS, the touchscreeniPhone and the Nintendo DS, the touchscreen
market for mobile devices is projected to produce 5market for mobile devices is projected to produce 5
billion in 2009.billion in 2009.
7. ConstructionConstruction
There are several principal ways to build a touchscreen:There are several principal ways to build a touchscreen:
• In the most popular techniques, the capacitive or resistive approach,In the most popular techniques, the capacitive or resistive approach,
manufactures coat the screen with a thin, transparent metallic layer.manufactures coat the screen with a thin, transparent metallic layer.
• When a user touches the surface, the system records the change inWhen a user touches the surface, the system records the change in
the electrical current that flows through the display.the electrical current that flows through the display.
• Dispersive-signal technology which 3M created in 2002, measuresDispersive-signal technology which 3M created in 2002, measures
the piezoelectric effect — the voltage generated when mechanicalthe piezoelectric effect — the voltage generated when mechanical
force is applied to a material — that occurs chemically when aforce is applied to a material — that occurs chemically when a
strengthened glass substrate is touched.strengthened glass substrate is touched.
8. Continues…….Continues…….
There are two infrared-based approachesThere are two infrared-based approaches..
• An array of sensors detects a finger touching orAn array of sensors detects a finger touching or
almost touching the display, thereby interruptingalmost touching the display, thereby interrupting
light beams projected over the screen.light beams projected over the screen.
• Bottom-mounted infrared cameras record screenBottom-mounted infrared cameras record screen
touches.touches.
• In each case, the system determines theIn each case, the system determines the
intended command based on the controlsintended command based on the controls
showing on the screen at the time and theshowing on the screen at the time and the
location of the touch.location of the touch.
9. TechnologiesTechnologies
The types of technologies that can be found are as
follows:
Resistive:Resistive:
● The resistive touch screen
uses a glass panel with a
uniform conductive
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)
coating on the side surface.
● A PET film is a tightly
suspended over the ITO
coating surface of a glass
panel.
10. Working Principle:Working Principle:
• The microprocessor applies +5V to pin (X left) on the glass panel,
and the voltage is uniformly decreasing to pin (X right) for 0V
because of the resistive ITO coating on the glass substrate, and the
PET film is grounded.
● When the screen is touched, it pushes the conductive ITO coatingWhen the screen is touched, it pushes the conductive ITO coating
on the PET film. That results the electrical contact, producing theon the PET film. That results the electrical contact, producing the
voltages. It presents the position touched.voltages. It presents the position touched.
11. Continues…….Continues…….
• When the touchscreen is touched, a voltage on the glass substrate
proportional to the X position of the touch appears on the PET film.
•This voltage is digitized by the A/D Converter and subjected to an
averaging algorithm. Then it is stored and transferred to the host.
Hence, the X position is produced. The next electric cycle, Y position is
produced.
•Resistive touchscreen deliver cost-effective, consistent and durable
performance
•Resistive technology include only 75% optical transparency and the
fact that a sharp object can damage the resistive layers.
12. Surface Acoustic Wave:
• On the pure glass substrate, there
are four piezoelectric transmitting
and receiving transducers on the
three corners for both the X and Y
axes.
• The SAW controller sends a 5
MHz electrical signal to the X-axis
and Y-axis transmitting transducers..
• When the touchscreen is touched, the finger absorbs a portion of the
wave passing across the surface of the panel.
• SAW can be used in any and all applications for the best possible
image clarity an unlimited life.
13. Capacitive:
• Capacitive touchscreen is a four multi-layer glass.
• Small amount of voltage is applied to the electrodes on the four
corners
• A human body is an electric conductor, so when touched the screen
with a finger, a slight amount of current is drawn, creating a voltage
drop. The current respectively drifts to the electrodes on the four
corners.
• The capacitive system has very long life (about 225 million clicks).
14. Infrared:
• IR eliminates the use of glass or plastic overlay that most other touch
technologies require in front of the display.
• High cost of the technology.
• IR increases the noise floor at the optical sensor
● Conventional optical-touch systems
use an array of infrared (IR) light-
emitting diodes (LEDs) on two
adjacent bezel edges of a display,
with photosensors placed on the two
opposite bezel edges to analyze the
system and determine a touch event.
15. Comparison of Technologies::
Technology Resistive SAW Infrared Capacitive
Durability: 5 years 5 years 3 years 2 years
Stability: High Higher High Ok
Transparency: Ok Good Good Ok
Touch: Anything Finger/ pen Sharp Conductive
Response time: <10ms 10ms <20ms <15ms
16. Advantages & Disadvantages:
Advantages:
• User friendly.
• Fast response.
• Error free input.
• Easy to install.
• Use finger, fingernail, gloved hand, stylus or any soft-tip
pointer to operate.
• Easy to clean and maintain.
• Compatible with Windows, Macintosh and Linux.
• Does not interfere mouse and keyboard function.
• Make computing easy, powerful and fun.
17. Disadvantages:
1)Finger stress:
Stress on human fingers when used for more than a few minutes
at a time. (for example, ATMs).
2)Fingerprints:
Touchscreens can suffer from the problem of fingerprints on the display
18. Applications
Public Access:
• MuseumsMuseums
• Library resource guidesLibrary resource guides
• Corporate informationCorporate information
• Public Transportation Schedule / StatusPublic Transportation Schedule / Status
• Airport terminal passenger internet andAirport terminal passenger internet and
email systemsemail systems
• Automated travel and entertainment ticketAutomated travel and entertainment ticket
dispensersdispensers
• Shopping mall directoryShopping mall directory
19. Continues…….Continues…….
BusinessBusiness
• Gas stationsGas stations
• Point of salesPoint of sales
• RestaurantsRestaurants
• Grocery storesGrocery stores
• Hospital and hotel directories (check-in,Hospital and hotel directories (check-in,
registration)registration)
• Banks and Financial ReportingBanks and Financial Reporting
• Bank cash advance and teller machinesBank cash advance and teller machines
21. Future Touchscreens Technology:Future Touchscreens Technology:
RPO’ s Digital Waveguide Touch:RPO’ s Digital Waveguide Touch:
• Minimal power requirements.Minimal power requirements.
• High inherent accuracy & precession.High inherent accuracy & precession.
• Zero-pressure touch & allows finger scrolling.Zero-pressure touch & allows finger scrolling.
• Allows100% display light output, picture definition and colourAllows100% display light output, picture definition and colour
clarity.clarity.
• Low-cost & Excellent durability.Low-cost & Excellent durability.
3-dimensional Touchscreens3-dimensional Touchscreens
22. Conclusion:Conclusion:
• Designers are trying to use touchscreen to simplify input
commands for largely unsophisticated computer users.
• Today, a larger share of population is PC literate, yet the
touchscreen has become adopted by computer users of all
abilities because it is simple, fast, and innovative.
• In future there is no usage of mouse and keyboards as they
will be replaced by touchscreens.