These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) class to analyze the near-term future for touch-screen displays. Improvements in durability, sensitivity, and flexibility are being implemented
Feasibility Of Graphene Inks In Printed Electronics V5Vishnu Chundi
Presentation delivered at the International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology,India, January,2012. Evaluating the technical and commercial aspects of using graphene inks for printed electronics applications. Suggested a road-map for the future applications. Touches upon the competing technologies for ITO replacement. Performed SWOT analysis of graphene inks
application and advantages of printed electronics.
Revolutionary technique of making electronics
components
•Printed electronics is based on new materials
and manufacturing processes.
•Simple way of fabrication of simple electronics
components
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze whether and how 4D Printing is becoming economically feasible. 4D printing is defined as 3D printing of smart materials whose shape and properties change with the addition of heat or electrical energy. The presentation describes a number of these smart materials, the specific stimuli that lead to changes in shaper or properties, and application examples. Examples include self-healing polymers for smart phones, other materials for space structures, alloys for heat engines, and dielectric elastomers for artificial muscles.
Feasibility Of Graphene Inks In Printed Electronics V5Vishnu Chundi
Presentation delivered at the International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology,India, January,2012. Evaluating the technical and commercial aspects of using graphene inks for printed electronics applications. Suggested a road-map for the future applications. Touches upon the competing technologies for ITO replacement. Performed SWOT analysis of graphene inks
application and advantages of printed electronics.
Revolutionary technique of making electronics
components
•Printed electronics is based on new materials
and manufacturing processes.
•Simple way of fabrication of simple electronics
components
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze whether and how 4D Printing is becoming economically feasible. 4D printing is defined as 3D printing of smart materials whose shape and properties change with the addition of heat or electrical energy. The presentation describes a number of these smart materials, the specific stimuli that lead to changes in shaper or properties, and application examples. Examples include self-healing polymers for smart phones, other materials for space structures, alloys for heat engines, and dielectric elastomers for artificial muscles.
Can we just imagine of having a TV which can be rolled up? Wouldn’t you like to be able to read off the screen of your laptop in direct sunlight? Your mobile phone battery to last much, much longer? Or your next flat screen TV to be less expensive, much flatter, and even flexible? Well, now it is possible by an emerging technology based on the revolutionary discovery that, light emitting, fast switching diode could be made from polymers as well as semiconductors.OLED
A durable and flexible display with low-power consumption, high-contrast ratio, has been a technical challenge for years. They have to be lightweight, rugged, and in some cases, conformal, wearable, rollable and unbreakable. The recent successful integration of flexible display technologies and the traditional web-based processing and/or inkjet technologies has opened up the possibility of low cost and high throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing and has shown the potential to replace the paper used today.
An Introduction to Semiconductors and IntelDESMOND YUEN
Did you know that...
The average American adult spends over 12 hours a day engaged with electronics — computers, mobile devices, TVs, cars, to name just a few — powered by semiconductors.
A common chip the size of your smallest fingernail is only about 1-millimeter thick but contains roughly 30 different layers of components and wires (called interconnects) that make up its complex circuitry.
Intel owns nearly 70,000 active patents worldwide. Its first — “Resistor for Integrated Circuit,” #3,631,313 — was granted to Gordon Moore on Dec. 28, 1971.
Those are a few fun facts in a high-level presentation that provides an easy-to-understand look at the world of semiconductors, why they matter and the role Intel plays in their creation.
This is a brief introduction to MicroLED also known as micro-LED, mLED or µLED, which is a latest self-emitting display technology that shares many traits with OLED. MicroLED has the potential to take on and outperform OLED, but it won’t completely displace OLED and LCD. Here we discuss the basic structure, differences with OLED and LCD. What are the major challenges? Advantages and Disadvantages, Application and the Future of MicroLED.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how the cost and performance of micro-fluidics are improving. Miro-fluidic devices have small micro-channels that analyze many types of fluidics. They can be fabricated from many materials including paper, textiles, and plastics. Plastics are the most recent to emerge and their fabrication relies on many of the same techniques that are used to fabricate integrated circuits. This means that they have been experiencing very rapid improvements as fabrication techniques are improved for ICs and then used to make micro-fluidic MEMS. (micro-mechanical electrical systems). Micro-fluidics are widely used in health care to analyze bacteria in water, glucose in sweat, nitrate contamination in water, and the blood of mosquitoes. Emerging applications include analysis of blood for early cancer detection.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how in improvements in printed electronics, wireless telecom, and the Internet are enabling the greater use of smart logistics. Logistics now represents 10% of global GDP thus representing a large percentage of expenditures. Improvements in printed electronics enables cheaper and better RFID tags and smart packaging; the latter can be accessed by logistic companies and consumers. All of this enables better monitoring of products throughout their journey to the marketplace, on ships, in warehouses, and in retail outlets. It also enables customers to more easily find products in retail outlets and for robots to find products in warehouses.
Dynamic Pricing: Past, Present, and FutureJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how the cost and performance of gas sensors are improving rapidly, making many new applications possible.
Can we just imagine of having a TV which can be rolled up? Wouldn’t you like to be able to read off the screen of your laptop in direct sunlight? Your mobile phone battery to last much, much longer? Or your next flat screen TV to be less expensive, much flatter, and even flexible? Well, now it is possible by an emerging technology based on the revolutionary discovery that, light emitting, fast switching diode could be made from polymers as well as semiconductors.OLED
A durable and flexible display with low-power consumption, high-contrast ratio, has been a technical challenge for years. They have to be lightweight, rugged, and in some cases, conformal, wearable, rollable and unbreakable. The recent successful integration of flexible display technologies and the traditional web-based processing and/or inkjet technologies has opened up the possibility of low cost and high throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing and has shown the potential to replace the paper used today.
An Introduction to Semiconductors and IntelDESMOND YUEN
Did you know that...
The average American adult spends over 12 hours a day engaged with electronics — computers, mobile devices, TVs, cars, to name just a few — powered by semiconductors.
A common chip the size of your smallest fingernail is only about 1-millimeter thick but contains roughly 30 different layers of components and wires (called interconnects) that make up its complex circuitry.
Intel owns nearly 70,000 active patents worldwide. Its first — “Resistor for Integrated Circuit,” #3,631,313 — was granted to Gordon Moore on Dec. 28, 1971.
Those are a few fun facts in a high-level presentation that provides an easy-to-understand look at the world of semiconductors, why they matter and the role Intel plays in their creation.
This is a brief introduction to MicroLED also known as micro-LED, mLED or µLED, which is a latest self-emitting display technology that shares many traits with OLED. MicroLED has the potential to take on and outperform OLED, but it won’t completely displace OLED and LCD. Here we discuss the basic structure, differences with OLED and LCD. What are the major challenges? Advantages and Disadvantages, Application and the Future of MicroLED.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how the cost and performance of micro-fluidics are improving. Miro-fluidic devices have small micro-channels that analyze many types of fluidics. They can be fabricated from many materials including paper, textiles, and plastics. Plastics are the most recent to emerge and their fabrication relies on many of the same techniques that are used to fabricate integrated circuits. This means that they have been experiencing very rapid improvements as fabrication techniques are improved for ICs and then used to make micro-fluidic MEMS. (micro-mechanical electrical systems). Micro-fluidics are widely used in health care to analyze bacteria in water, glucose in sweat, nitrate contamination in water, and the blood of mosquitoes. Emerging applications include analysis of blood for early cancer detection.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how in improvements in printed electronics, wireless telecom, and the Internet are enabling the greater use of smart logistics. Logistics now represents 10% of global GDP thus representing a large percentage of expenditures. Improvements in printed electronics enables cheaper and better RFID tags and smart packaging; the latter can be accessed by logistic companies and consumers. All of this enables better monitoring of products throughout their journey to the marketplace, on ships, in warehouses, and in retail outlets. It also enables customers to more easily find products in retail outlets and for robots to find products in warehouses.
Dynamic Pricing: Past, Present, and FutureJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how the cost and performance of gas sensors are improving rapidly, making many new applications possible.
An introduction to the fundamental physics of transparent conducting oxides including a review of the electrical and optical properties of common materials.
We are an integral part of Wish4tech Solution Pvt. Ltd , a consulting engineering firm with expertise in the field of telecommunications. We provide planning, engineering and project management services for telecom transmission networks, broadband wireless access networks, network management systems and broadcast facilities. We have earned global reputation for excellence in manpower consultancy, engineering and project management.
Howto intall and operate eva vacuum glass laminating machinery and make lamin...Eva Glass
eva vacuum glass laminating machine installation and operation howto guide, and notes of manufacture safety laminated glass with eva interlayer film by silicone vacuum bag method
Transparent Electronic PPT
Transparent electronics is an emerging science and technology field focused on producing ‘invisible’ electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices. Applications include consumer electronics, new energy sources, and transportation; for example, automobile windshields could transmit visual information to the driver. Glass in almost any setting could also double as an electronic device, possibly improving security systems or offering transparent displays. In a similar vein, windows could be used to produce electrical power. Other civilian and military applications in this research field include realtime wearable displays. As for conventional Si/III–V-based electronics, the basic device structure is based on semiconductor junctions and transistors. However, the device building block materials, the semiconductor, the electric contacts, and the dielectric/passivation layers, must now be transparent in the visible –a true challenge! Therefore, the first scientific goal of this technology must be to discover, understand, and implement transparent high-performance electronic materials. The second goal is their implementation and evaluation in transistor and circuit structures. The third goal relates to achieving application-specific properties since transistor performance and materials property requirements vary, depending on the final product device specifications. Consequently, to enable this revolutionary technology requires bringing together expertise from various pure and applied sciences, including materials science, chemistry, physics, electrical/electronic/circuit engineering, and display science.
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
oProduct test plans are critical to the success of a new product or technology
oStressful enough to identify defects
oShow correlation to a realistic environment
oPoF Knowledge can be used to develop test plans and profiles that can be correlated to the field.
oChange control processes and testing should not be overlooked (reliability engineer needs to stay involved in sustaining).
oOn-going reliability testing can be a useful (but admittedly imperfect) tool.
oPoF Modeling is an excellent tool to help tailor & optimize physical testing plans
This technology is aimed at the packaging industry. It uses shear thickening fluid to absorb impact forces and vibrations. Can be used in B2B logistics and is scalable to pallets for aeroplane delivery and shipping containers. Amazon's delivery vehicles are also very suitable for the application of this technology.
Battery Show Europe 2022
Presented by D.Sc. Andrew Cook
ALD is an enabling technology for future batteries. ALD technology introduction has been hindered by lack of production scale equipment, but now Beneq R2R ALD technology offers a straightforward scale-up path to mass-production. Beneq has a long experience with R2R ALD on other application areas, and is now applying that know-how to offer R2R ALD solutions for battery manufacturing.
https://www.szdragonglass.com/
Top 10 glass manufacturer since 1994 in China. Specializing in tempered glass laminated glass insulated glass energy saving glass, curved glass, decorative glass, etc
Shincell-Application of TPU, TPEE, PEBA in shoe materials.pdftpeefoam
Shincell supercritical fluid foaming technology for sheet foaming, which uses N2 and CO2 gases commonly found in the air to expand the plastic and form a large number of micro and nano bubbles inside. No chemical blowing agents are added to the foaming process and there is no chemical cross-linking, it is a purely physical foaming process. So that our foam sheets are recyclable,non-odor,non-toxic and environmentally friendly, It also meet the needs of sustainable development.
Low pressure Molding could protect LED strip, PCB and magnetic very well. Macromelt & Technomelt as a common molding materials play in an encapsulating and environmentally protection on sensitive electronic components, IC molding sealing, Magnetic over molding and other sensitive components pakage. The main intention is to protect the sensitive electronic components during the molding stress, because high pressure molding would harm the properties of these components. Additionally, low pressure seal molding also protects electronic components against dust, moisture and vibration stress. It is also commonly used for Cable relief and sealing connectors.
The "Unproductive Bubble:" Unprofitable startups, small markets for new digit...Jeffrey Funk
This article will show that the current bubble has produced few profitable startups and involved few if any new digital technologies, nor technologies involving recent scientific advances, and thus it is unlikely that much that is productive will be left once the dust settles. There is a growth in old technologies such as e-commerce but little in new technologies such as AI. The startup losses are also much larger than in the past suggesting that fewer of today’s startups will still exist in a few years than those of 20 years ago.
Commercialization of Science: What has changed and what can be done to revit...Jeffrey Funk
This paper several changes that I believe may have reduced America’s ability to develop science-based technologies. I make no claims about the completeness. I begin with the growth of university research and then cover several changes it engendered, including an obsession with papers, hyper-specialization of researchers, and huge bureaucracies, also using the words of Nobel Laureates and other scientists to make my points.
2000, 2008, 2022: It is hard to avoid the parallels How Big Will the 2022 S...Jeffrey Funk
These slides summarize the recent share price declines for new startups, declines that are driven by huge annual and cumulative losses and it contrasts today's bubble with those of 2000 and 2008. It shows that today's bubble involves bigger startup losses than those of the 2000 bubble and that the markets of new technologies have not grown to the extent that those of past decades did. Many hedge funds, VCs, and pension funds are heavily invested in these startups. Some of them are also highly leveraged.
The Slow Growth of AI: The State of AI and Its ApplicationsJeffrey Funk
The failure of IBM Watson, disappointments of self-driving vehicles, slow diffusion of medical imaging, small markets for AI software, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers provide evidence for hype and disappointment in AI, which is consistent with negative social impact of Big Data and AI algorithms. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with virtual applications (advertising, news, retail sales, finance and e-commerce) having the largest success, building from previous Big Data usage in the past. Looking forward, AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing summarizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. Big challenges include reductions in training time depending on faster computers, exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in image recognition, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems.
Behind the Slow Growth of AI: Failed Moonshots, Unprofitable Startups, Error...Jeffrey Funk
Smaller than expected markets, money-losing startups, failure of Watson, slow-diffusion of self-driving vehicles and medical imaging, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers are some of the examples used to characterize the hype of AI. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with advertising, news, and e-commerce having the biggest success stories. Looking forward, #AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with #RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing categorizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. The big challenges include exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in images, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems. See either this podcast or my slides, whose URL is shown in comments. #technolgy #innovation #venturecapital #ipo #artificialintelligence
The Troubled Future of Startups and Innovation: Webinar for London FuturistsJeffrey Funk
These slides show how the most successful startups of today (Unicorns) are not doing as well as the most successful of 20 to 50 years ago. Today's startups are doing worse in terms of time to profitability and time to top 100 market capitalization status. Only one Unicorn founded since 2000 has achieved top 100 market capitalization status while six, nine, and eight from the 70s, 80s, and 90s did so. It is also unlikely that few or any of today's Unicorns will achieve this status because their market capitalizations are too low, share prices increases since IPO are too small, and profits remain elusive. Only 14 of 45 had share price increases greater than the Nasdaq and only 6 of 45 had profits in 2019. The reasons for the worse performance of today's Unicorns than those of 20 to 50 years ago include no breakthrough technologies, hyper-growth strategies, and the targeting of regulated industries. The slides conclude with speculations on why few breakthrough technologies, including science-based technologies from universities are emerging. We need to think back to the division of labor that existed a half a century ago.
Where are the Next Googles and Amazons? They should be here by nowJeffrey Funk
Great startups aren’t being founded like they were in the 1970s (Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Genentech, Home Depot, EMC), 1980s (Cisco, Dell, Adobe, Qualcomm, Amgen, Gilead Sciences), and 1990s (Amazon, Google, Netflix, Salesforce.com, PayPal). All of these startups reached the top 100 for market capitalization, but Facebook is the only startup founded since 2000 which has entered the top 100. Tesla and Uber are often discussed as highly successful but they have many times higher cumulative losses than did Amazon at its time of peak losses and neither has had a profitable year despite being older than Amazon was when it achieved profits. Furthermore, few of the recent Unicorn IPOs have experienced shareprice increases greater than those of the Nasdaq (14 of 45), only 3 of these 14 have profits, and only six of them have a
market capitalization over $30 (Zoom), $20 (Square), and $10 billion (Twilio, DocuSign, Okta). America’s venture capital system isn’t working as well as it once did, and the coronavirus will make things worse before the VC system gets better.
Start-up losses are mounting and innovation is slowing, but venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, consultants, university researchers, and business schools are hyping new technologies more than ever before. This hype is facilitated by changes in online media, including the rise of social media. This paper describes how the professional incentives of experts and the changes in online media have increased hype and how this hype makes it harder for policy makers, managers, scientists, engineers, professors, and students to understand new technologies and make good decisions. We need less hype and more level-headed economic analysis and this paper describes how this economic analysis can be done. Here is a link to the journal, Issues in Science & Technology: www.issues.org
Irrational Exuberance: A Tech Crash is ComingJeffrey Funk
These slides apply Nobel Laureate Robert Schiller's concept of irrational exuberance (and a book) title to the current speculative bubble of 2019. Over investments in startups and a lack of profitability in them are finally starting to catch up with the venture capital industry and the tech sector that relies on it. Investments by US venture capitalists have risen about six times since 2001 causing the total invested in 2018 to exceed by 40% the peak of 2000, the last big year of the dotcom bubble. But the number of IPOs has never returned to the peak years of 1993 to 2000; only about 250 were carried out between 2015 and 2017 vs. about 1,200 between 1995 and 1997.
The reason is simple: startups are taking longer to go public because they are not profitable. Consider the data. The median time to IPO has risen from 2.8 years in 1998 to 7.7 years in 2016 and the ones going public are less profitable than they were in the past. Although only 22% of startups going public in 1980 were unprofitable, 82% were unprofitable in 2018. The same high percentages of unprofitability have only been achieved twice before, in 1998 and 1999 right before the dotcom bubble burst. Furthermore, startups that have recently done high profile IPOs such as Snap, Dropbox, Blue Apron, Fitbit, Trivago, Box, and Cloudera are still not profitable.
Ride Sharing, Congestion, and the Need for Real SharingJeffrey Funk
Current ride sharing services are not financially sustainable. Although they provide more convenience than do taxi services, they are experiencing massive losses because they have the same cost structure as do taxis and thus must compete through subsidies and lower wages. After all, they use the same vehicles, roads, and drivers, and only GPS algorithms and phones are new.
They also increase congestion. Just as more private vehicles or taxis on the road will increase congestion, more ride sharing vehicles also increase congestion.
These slides describe new ways to use the technologies of ride sharing to reduce congestion along with costs while at the same time keeping travel time low. This can be done through changing public transportation systems or allowing private companies to offer competing services. For instance, current bus services, whether they are private or public, need to use the algorithms, GPS, phones and other technologies of ride sharing to revise routes, schedules and the premises that currently underpin public transportation. There is no reason a bus should be certain size, stop every 200 meters, or follow the same route all day. Algorithms and phones enable new types of routes in which designers simultaneously minimize time travel and maximize number of passengers transported per vehicle.hour.
Using the percent of top managers in IPOs (initial public offering) as a proxy for an industry’s/technology’s scientific intensity, this paper shows that the percentage of IPOs and of venture capital financing for science-based technologies has been declining for decades. Second, the percentage of PhDs among the top managers in science intensive industries is also declining, suggesting that their scientific intensities are falling. Third, the age of these top managers rose during the same period suggesting that the importance of experiential knowledge has increased even as the importance of PhDs and thus educational knowledge has decreased. Fourth, the numbers of IPOs and of venture capital funding are not increasing for newer science-based industries such as superconductors, solar cells, nanotechnology, and GMOs. Fifth, there are extreme diseconomies of scale in the universities that produce the PhD-holding top managers, suggesting that universities are far less effective at doing research than are companies. These results provide a new understanding of science and technology, and they offer new prescriptions for reversing slowing productivity growth.
This paper addresses the types of knowledge that are needed in entrepreneurial firms using a unique data base of executives and directors for all IPOs filed between 1990 and 2010. Using highest educational degrees as a proxy for educational knowledge, it shows that 85% of those with PhDs are concentrated in the life sciences and ICT (information and communication technology) industries and second, that those in the ICT industries are concentrated at lower layers in a “digital stack” of industries, ranging from semiconductors and other electronics at the bottom layer to computing and Internet infrastructure at the middle layer and Internet content, commerce, and services in the top layer. Third, industries with fewer PhDs have more bachelor’s and MBA degrees suggesting that PhDs are being replaced by them and not M.S. degrees. Fourth, age is higher for industries with the most PhDs thus suggesting a greater need for experiential knowledge in industries with greater needs for educational knowledge. Fifth, the number of Nobel Prizes tracks industries with high fractions of PhDs.
beyond patents:scholars of innovation use patenting as an indicator of innova...Jeffrey Funk
This paper discusses the problems with using patents as a measure of innovation and papers as a measure of science. It also uses data to show the problems. for example, the number of patent applications and awards have grown by six times since 1984 while productivity growth has slowed.
These slides discuss how to put context back into learning. Farm and other work at home once provided a context for learning, but this context has become much weaker as work at home as mostly disappeared Students once learned mostly from parents because they worked on farms, fixed things at home, and prepared meals. These activities provided a "context" for school learning, a context that has been mostly lost. These slides discuss how this context can be put back into learning and the implications for the types of people best suited for teaching and the way to train them.
Technology Change, Creative Destruction, and Economic FeasibiltyJeffrey Funk
After showing that the costs of most electronic products are from electronic components, these slides show how the iPhone and iPad became economically feasible through improvements in microprocessors, flash memory, and displays.
These slides show that the demand for most professions is growing steadily in spite of continued improvements in productivity enhancing tools for them. They also show that AI will have a largely incremental effect on the professions, in combination with Moore's Law, cloud computing, and Big Data. They do this accounting, legal, architects, journalists, and engineers.
Solow's Computer Paradox and the Impact of AIJeffrey Funk
These slides show why IT has not delivered large improvements in productivity and why new forms of IT like AI will also not deliver large improvements, except in selected sectors. The main reason is that the improvements in AI are over-hyped and because most sectors do not have large inefficiencies in the organization of people, machinery, and materials.
What does innovation today tell us about tomorrow?Jeffrey Funk
This paper was published in Issues in Science and Technology. It distinguished between the Silicon Valley and science-based process of technology change. It shows that more new products and services are emerging from the latter than the former.
Creative destrution, Economic Feasibility, and Creative Destruction: The Case...Jeffrey Funk
This paper shows how new forms of electronic products and services such as smart phones, tablet computers and ride sharing become economically feasible and thus candidates for commercialization and creative destruction as improvements in standard electronic components such as microprocessors, memory, and displays occur. Unlike the predominant viewpoint in which commercialization is reached as advances in science facilitate design changes that enable improvements in performance and cost, most new forms of electronic products and services are not invented in a scientific sense and the cost and performance of them are primarily driven by improvements in standard components. They become candidates for commercialization as the cost and performance of standard components reach the levels necessary for the final products and services to have the required levels of performance and cost. This suggests that when managers, policy makers, engineers, and entrepreneurs consider the choice and timing of commercializing new electronic products and services, they should understand the composition of new technologies, the impact of components on a technology's cost, performance and design, and the rates of improvement in the components.
Designing Roads for AVs (autonomous vehicles)Jeffrey Funk
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent one of the most promising new technologies for smart cities and for humans in general. The problem is that cities will not realize the full benefits from AVs until roads are designed for them. Until this occurs, their main benefit will be the elimination of the driver and steering wheel, which will reduce the cost and increase the capacity of taxis; but even this impact will not occur for many years because of safety concerns. Thus, in the near term, the main benefit of AVs will be free time for the driver to do emails and other smart phone related tasks.
A better solution is to design roads for AVs or in other words, to constrain the environment for AVs in order to simplify the engineering problem for them. For example, designing roads so that all vehicles can be controlled by a combination of wireless communication, RFID tags, and magnets will reduce the cost of AVs and increase their benefits. Only AVs would be allowed on these roads, they are checked for autonomous capability at the entrance, and control is returned to the driver when an AV leaves the road. Existing cars can be retrofitted with wireless modules that enable cars to be controlled by a central system, thus enabling cars to travel closely together. The magnets and RFID tags create an invisible railway that keeps the AVs in their lanes while wireless communication is used for lane changing and exiting a highway (Chang et al, 2014; Le Quesne et al, 2014). These wireless modules, magnets and RFID tags will be much cheaper than the expensive LIDAR that is needed when AVs are mixed with conventional vehicles on a road.
The benefits from dedicating roads to AVs include higher vehicle densities, less congestion, faster travel times, and higher fuel efficiencies. These seemingly contradicting goals can be achieved because AVs can have shorter inter-vehicle distances even at high speeds thus enabling higher densities, lower congestion, and lower travel times. The less congestion and thus fewer instances of slow moving or stopped vehicles enable the vehicles to travel at those speeds at which higher fuel efficiencies can be achieved (Funk, 2015). In combination with new forms of multiple passenger ride sharing, the higher fuel efficiencies will also reduce carbon emissions and thus help fight climate change.
The challenge is to develop a robust system that can be easily deployed in various cities and that will be compatible with vehicles containing the proper subsystems. Such a system can be developed in much the same way that new cellular systems are developed and tested. Suppliers of mobile phone infrastructure, automobiles, sensors, LIDAR, 3D vision systems, and other components must work with city governments and universities to develop and test a robust architecture followed by the development of a detail design.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
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Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
1. Touch-Screen Displays:
what types of improvements
are being achieved?
For information on other technologies, please see
http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations
Chong Shen Long Marcus - (A0073907Y)
Wong Wai Quen Timothy - (A0073882W)
Erwin Ernady Bin Osman – (A0133655E)
3. Technology Bottleneck
• Although flexible OLED displays are already
available in the market, they could not achieve
its full potential due to the restrictions imposed
on the capacitive sensing portion of the devices:
▫ Cannot be bent beyond a radius
▫ Not sensitive enough to detect touch
▫ Not durable enough to withstand impact and wear
and tear
4. Current Limitations (Challenges)
• Level of Sensitivity
▫ Can it be used with consumer wearable (eg. Gloves for
countries with 4 seasons)?
• Durability of Devices
▫ How much force can it be subjected to?
• Level of Conformity
▫ To what extent can it be bent?
• Level of Light Transitivity
▫ To what extent can the light emission of the OLED be
effectively transmitted through a glass display?
5. How Can They be Improved?
• There are two portions which addresses the
challenges faced by these devices:
1. Capacitive Touch Sensing Portion
▫ Capacitive Touch Technology
2. OLED Display Portion
7. Capacitive Touch Technology
• Basic Construction and Layout
http://www.embedded.com/design/system-integration/4407698/Reducing-capacitive-touchscreen-cost-in-mobile-phones-
Touch Sensing Portion
OLED Display Portion
8. Basic Working Principle
• Capacitance Equivalent Model
Parameters Description
ε0 Free space permittivity
εr
Dielectric constant of
overlay
A
Area of finger and sensor
pad overlap
d Overlay thickness
*Note: Capacitance Change
9. Basic Working Principle
• Software Equivalence Model
Source: http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278360
10.
11. Challenges – Sensitivity Level
• Material
Overlay thickness
y = 0.1383x-1.082
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
140.00%
160.00%
180.00%
200.00%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Percentage
Change in Raw
Count
Overlay Thickness (mm)
Sensitivity Level vs Overlay
Thickness
Ratio
trendline
*Note: Microprocessor doesn’t
recognize capacitance domain
but rather it register the change
in raw count
Source: FYP Industrial Collaboration (Fischer-Tech and NUS) Project Report 2013 – An Empirical Approach towards Capacitive Touch-Sensing in Functional Plastics
APPLE IPHONE
Model Type Overlay Thickness
3GS, 4, 4S Gorilla Glass 1 1.0mm
5, 5S Gorilla Glass 2 0.8mm
SAMSUNG GALAXY
Model Type Overlay Thickness
S1, S2 Gorilla Glass 1 1.0mm
S3 Gorilla Glass 2 0.8mm
S4, S5, Note 3 Gorilla Glass 3 0.4mm
1.0mm
0.8mm
0.4mm
12. Challenges – Sensitivity Level
• Consumer Wearable – Types of Gloves
▫ Countries with 4 Seasons
Source: FYP Industrial Collaboration (Fischer-Tech and NUS) Project Report 2013 – An Empirical Approach towards Capacitive Touch-Sensing in Functional Plastics
*Note: Microprocessor doesn’t
recognize capacitance domain
but rather it register the change
in raw count
*Video: Sensitivity Test*
The same experiments
were conducted using
different overlay
thickness of
Polycarbonate (PC)
resins w.r.t to the
various types of glove
13. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Overlay
▫ Thickness
Source: [Spec sheet download for glass 1, 2 and 3] http://www.corninggorillaglass.com and http://www.corning.com/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=63819
15. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Overlay
▫ Damage Resistance
Source: [Spec sheet download for glass 1, 2 and 3] http://www.corninggorillaglass.com
*Note: Critical Load is the min. amount of load before radial cracks start to form and propagate
4500
15000
7500
16. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Overlay
▫ Bending Strength
Source: [Spec sheet download for glass 1, 2 and 3] http://www.corninggorillaglass.com
Gorilla Glass 1 Gorilla Glass 2 Gorilla Glass 3
4 MPa 6.25 MPa 6.75 MPa
17. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Overlay
▫ Critical Load Bearing
Source: [Spec sheet download for glass 1, 2 and 3] http://www.corninggorillaglass.com
65 75
85
Gorilla Glass 1 Gorilla Glass 2 Gorilla Glass 3
18. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Overlay
▫ Thickness
▫ Loading Conditions
Damage Resistance
Bending Strength
Critical Load Bearing
Source: [Spec sheet download for glass 1, 2 and 3] http://www.corninggorillaglass.com and http://www.corning.com/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=63819
19.
20. Challenges - Conformity
• Electrodes – Current ITO
▫ Brittle and Limited Bend Radius
Source: http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3727/45/27/275102;jsessionid=0314531AC08877C0DAF17B28FE10AEAB.c2 and http://www.intechopen.com/books/organic-light-emitting-diode-
material-process-and-devices/transparent-conductive-oxide-tco-films-for-organic-light-emissive-devices-oleds-
*Note: Sensitivity of the system decreases
with radius of curvature
21. Material Replacement
• Types of Possible Electrode
▫ To replace current ITO
Source: http://informationdisplay.org/IDArchive/2013/JulyAugust/Opinion.aspx
22. Conformability of Other Electrodes
Source: http://iopscience.iop.org/1347-4065/53/5S1/05FD04/article , http://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/single/articleFullText.htm?publicId=2190-4286-4-12
23. Conformability of Other Electrodes
Source: http://iopscience.iop.org/1347-4065/53/5S1/05FD04/article
24. Challenges – Increasing Cost
• Electrodes – Current ITO
Indium becoming more scarce
$US900/Kilogram currently (2014)!!!
Source: FYP Industrial Collaboration (Fischer-Tech and NUS) Project Report 2013 – An Empirical Approach towards Capacitive Touch-Sensing in Functional Plastics
25. Future: Replacing of ITO
• ITO Replacement Market Forecast 2013 to 2020
Source: http://touchdisplayresearch.com/?page_id=358
26. OLED Display Portion
*Note: OLED is printed on a glass substrate which is the SAME as the overlay material
Overlay
Substrate
27. Challenges - Conformity
• Glass Substrate/Overlay
▫ Stiff and Limited Bend Radius
Stiffness increases exponentially with thickness
85 um equivalent in stiffness value for 150um paper and
polymer!
Source: www.corning.com/WorkArea/downloadasset.aspx?id=48957
28. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Substrate/Overlay
▫ Thickness
Source: [Spec sheet download for glass 1, 2 and 3] http://www.corninggorillaglass.com and http://www.corning.com/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=63819
29. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Glass Substrate/Overlay
▫ Use of thinner glass sheets
▫ Polymer sheet replacement
Source: www.corning.com/WorkArea/downloadasset.aspx?id=48957 and http://www.corning.com/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=63819
30.
31. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Electrode
▫ Comparing ITO to Cambrios ClearOhm (Ag
Nanowire)
At 100 Ohm/Sqr,
Light Transmission of:
• ITO – 91%
• Cambrios ClearOhm
(Ag Nanowire) – 98%
32. Rate of Improvement – Material
• Electrode
▫ Comparing among other possible electrodes
At 100 Ohm/Sqr,
Light Transmission of:
• Graphene – 96%
• Cambrios ClearOhm
(Ag Nanowire) – 98%
35. Forecast of Market Size
• Electrode – Graphene
▫ Graphene market predicted to grow from $20
million to $390 million by 2024
Source: http://www.graphene-info.com/idtechex-graphene-material-market-2014-2019-chart
36. Forecast of Market Size
• Electrode – CNTs
Source: http://www.electronics.ca/presscenter/articles/1204/1/Market-Applications-of-Carbon-Nanotubes/
Total Market
revenue:
US$1.439 billion
37. Forecast of Market Size
• Electrodes –Silver Nanowires
▫ Cambrios ClearOhm
Source: http://www.fusionuv.com/UV_In_The_News_Fall_2010.aspx and http://us-
tech.com/RelId/1267079/ISvars/default/Revenues_from_Transparent_Conductors_Using_Silver_Nanowires_Will_Exceed_%2524225_million_by_2019.htm
38. Manufacturing – Process Improvement
• Chemistry of Glass
Transparent/Translucent material
Non crystalline or amorphous substance
Appears in solid state but not really a true solid, somewhat referred to
as a frozen or super cooled liquid
Acquires solid state through increase in viscosity on rapid cooling
• Manufacture of Glass
Fusion of raw materials
Working with molten mass
Glass blocks or moulds
Annealing (Ramp up, hold, gradual cool)
Increase ductility and softens material
39. Manufacturing – Process Improvement
• Manufacturing Process
▫ Ultra-Thin Glass Overlay/Substrate
Laser Cutting / Scribing
Greatly reduces residual stress giving higher edge strength
Eliminates microcracking & chipping
Able to withstand 2 to 3 times more force than mechanically cut glass
Reduced process steps (no cleaning, grinding)
Excellent for producing curved cuts
40. Manufacturing – Process Improvement
• Manufacturing Process
▫ Ultra-Thin Glass Overlay/Substrate
Fusion Forming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4ZU7zUxdM8
41. Manufacturing – Process Improvement
• Manufacturing Process
▫ OLED Display
R2R Printing (Link to R2R OLED on Glass.pdf)
42. Feasible Opportunities
• Automotive
▫ Dashboards, climate control, speedometer,
handles and etc…
Enables personalization of themes (interior and
exterior)
Replacement of mechanical components (buttons,
knobs, levels and etc…) which prevents dust traps
between gaps and allows easy maintenance
47. Feasible Opportunities
• Arizona State University opens up New Army Flexible Display Center
• Accelerate R&D and Manufacture of Flexible Display Technologies
• Small, lightweight, rugged and consume little power
• Able to function in different temperate environments
• Body-worn displays which conform to uniform, rollable for pocket and for
large areas, high information content and other applications
• Integrated with computation, Comms and GPS
48. Feasible Opportunities
• Personal
▫ Recreational devices (sense pad), instructive yoga
mat, footstep trainer (for dance class)
Enables ergonomic viewing position
Easy Storage and portable
▫ Wrist-attachable smartphones
Versatile and can be used for various activities
Electronic wallet and personal financial accountant
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFQl-PiTJSg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzPorAgInco
49. Portal Smartphone
• Flexible, Water Resistant, Scratch & Shatter Proof
• Soft impact restive Kevlar infused body
• No ports or cord connectivity leaving ands literally free
• Supports major carriers, Android Based with custom Portal OS interface,
Ambidextrous (left or right handed), gesture & motion based function commands