The document summarizes a study on the therapeutic efficacy of anti-malarial drugs in Afghanistan. The study was conducted at 4 sentinel sites from 2003-2004 and found that sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus artesunate remained efficacious for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria, while chloroquine was still effective for Plasmodium vivax. Based on the results, the combination of SP+artesunate was recommended to delay resistance development. Continued monitoring of drug efficacy at the 3 maintained sentinel sites was also recommended to keep updating national treatment protocols.