This document provides an overview of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology. It discusses what an OLED is, the history and types of OLEDs, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and conclusions. Key points include: OLEDs emit light when electric current is applied to organic thin films between two conductors; the two main types are passive matrix and active matrix OLEDs; advantages are thinner displays, better contrast and viewing angles, and potential for flexibility; applications include displays for phones, TVs, and signs. The document concludes that as the technology matures, OLEDs will improve on limitations of other displays like power consumption and viewing angles.

1. Presented by:-
ANIL KUMAR YADAV
M.TECH(1ST YEAR)
REG. NO- 13304025
Department of Electronics engineering
School of Engineering and Technology

2. Contents
• What is oled
• Why oled
• History
• Types of oled
• Advantage & Disadvantage
• Application
• Conclusion
• References

3. What is an OLED ?
• OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
• An OLED is an electronic device made by
placing a series of organic thin films between
two conductors. When electrical current is
applied, a bright light is emitted.
• A device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick
or about 200 times smaller than a human
hair.
.

4. • Cheaper way to create flexible lighting
• Thinner display
• Requires less power
• Much faster response time
• Better contrast ratio
• Wider viewing angles

5. The first diode device was reported at Eastman Kodak by Ching W.
Tang and Steven Van Slyke in 1987.
In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first commercial PMOLED.
In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc developed various
displays.
In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest full colour OLED.
In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix OLED sub-displays
were sold, and over 10 million were sold in 2003.
In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced AMOLED displays.
Many developments had take place in the year 2012.
History……

6. After years of research, in October 2013, Samsung announced
the world's first product to use a flexible OLED display – the
Galaxy Round curved smartphone.
This is an Android 4.3 smartphone similar to the Galaxy Note 3,
with the major feature being the 5.7" Full-HD curved
(400 mm curvature radius) flexible display.
Samsung launched their YOUM flexible OLED panels in
January 2013, showing some cool prototypes of curved
and flexible OLED displays.
LG launched flexible Smartphone ,called G Flex, 6" in size
in the end of 2013.
History (contd.)

7. Structure of OLEDs
• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - supports for OLED.
• Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes") when a current
flows through the device.
• Organic layer:
o Conducting layer - This layer is made of
organic plastic molecules that transport "holes"
from the anode. One conducting polymer used
in OLEDs is polyaniline.
o Emissive layer - This layer is made of
organic plastic molecules (different ones from
the conducting layer) that transport electrons
from the cathode; this is where light is made.
One polymer used in the emissive layer is
polyfluorene.
• Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) - The cathode
injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

8. How OLEDs Emit Light ?
Apply
voltage
An electrical current flows from cathode to anode
through the organic layers , giving electron to the
conductive layer and removing electrons from
emissive layer..........................
Removing electron from the conductive
layer leaves holes that need to be filled
with electrons in the emissive layer
Then, hole jump to the emissive layer and
recombine with electron. As the electron
drop into holes they release their extra
energy as….???
LIGHT
PHOTONs

9. Types of OLEDs
1. Passive matrix oled
2. Active matrix oled
3. Transparent oled
4. Top emitting oled
5. White oled
6. Flexible oled

10. PMOLEDs have strips of cathode, organic layers and strips of anode, in which
Anode stripe is arranged perpendicular to the cathode strips & intersections of
the cathode and anode make up the pixels, where light is emitted.
External circuitry applies current to selected strips of anode and cathode,
determining which pixels get turned on and which pixels remain off.
The brightness of each pixel is proportional to the amount of applied current.
Passive Matrix OLEDs (PMOLEDs)
• Easy to make
• Use more power
• Best for small screens

11. AMOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the
anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix.
The TFT array itself is the circuitry that determines which pixels get turned on
to form an image.
AMOLEDs consume less power than PMOLEDs because the TFT array requires
less power than external circuitry, so they are efficient for large displays.
 AMOLEDs also have faster refresh rates suitable for video.
The best uses for AMOLEDs are computer monitors, large-screen TVs and
electronic signs or billboards.
Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs)

12. It have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and
anode) and, when turned off are up to 85% as transparent as their
substrate.
When a transparent OLED display is turned on, it allows light to
pass in both directions. A transparent OLED display can be either
active- or passive-matrix.
Transparent OLEDs

13. It emit white light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy efficient
than that emitted by fluorescent lights. White OLEDs also have the true-color
qualities of incandescent lighting. Because OLEDs can be made in large
sheets, they can replace fluorescent lights that are currently used in homes and
buildings.
Their use could potentially reduce energy costs for lighting.
White OLEDs

14. It have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective.
They are best suited to active-matrix design.
Manufacturers may use top-emitting OLED displays in
smart cards.
Top-emitting OLEDs

15. Flexible oleds have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics.
Foldable OLEDs are very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such
as cell phones and PDAs can reduce breakage, a major cause for return or
repair. Potentially, foldable
OLED displays can be sewn into fabrics for “smart” clothing, such as
outdoor survival clothing with an integrated computer chip, cell phone,
GPS receiver and OLED display sewn into it.
Flexible OLED

16. Advantages
• Much faster response time
• Consume significantly less energy
• Able to display "True Black" picture
• Wider viewing angles
• Thinner display
• Better contrast ratio
• Safer for the environment
• Has potential to be mass produced inexpensively
• OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs
• Cheaper way to create flexible lighting
• Requires less power
• Better quality of light
• New design concepts for interior lighting

17. Disadvantages
• Cost to manufacture is high
• Overall luminance degradation
• Constraints with lifespan
• Easily damaged by water
• Limited market availability
• Not as easy as changing a light bulb
• Lifetime
• White, Red, Green  46,000 hours , Blue  14,000 hours

18. Applications of OLED technology
3D-Foldable Display Transparent Large Format Display
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) Audio/Visual display systems
Mobile telephones Portable games
Personal care appliances Household goods
Dynamic information displays Medical handheld devices
flexible, bendable Displays Flexible & Sensor Integrated Display
Wall display Foldable Display Alarm clock
Bended Display for kitchen Automotive Window Display
Blackboard Display Unbreakable Display for school
Transparent Elevator Wearable Display
Smart Window New designs for lamps
OLEDs in car windshields
Transparent OLEDs embedded in windows
And many more we cannot even imagine today....................

19. BlackBerry Z30 Oct 09, 2013
BlackBerry's flagship phone for 2013,
and the first one to use v10.2 of the BB
10 OS sports a large 5"
Nokia Lumia Icon Feb 13, 2014
Nokia's Lumia Icon is a high-end Windows
Phone smartphone with a 5" Full HD Super
MOLED display .
LG G Flex 26 feb, 2014
LG's G Flex is the first phone that uses LG
Display's flexible plastic OLED display.
The G Flex has a 6" 720p RGB flexible
OLED display made by LG Display that is
curved from top to bottom .

20. Samsung Galaxy Round Oct 23, 2013
The Galaxy Round is the world's first flexible
OLED device. This Android 4.3 smartphone
features a plastic-based curved 5.7" Full-HD
(386 PPI, probably Pentile) Super AMOLED
display. The screen curvature radius is 400
mm.
Samsung Galaxy S5 Feb 25, 2014
Samsung's Galaxy S5, the company's 2014 flagship
mobile phone, was designed to "focus on what matters
most to consumers"

21. OLED Magic phone
A flexible OLED is based on a flexible substrate! The substrate can be
plastic, metal, or flexible glass. We think that the Magic phone concept
from Samsung will be a plastic substrate.
The magic phone concept is a combination between a smartphone
(Galaxy S) and a watch (Gear). You can roll out your flexible display
from the watch and can use it as a smartphone.

23. OLEDs as a Light Source

24. Rolltop Laptop

25. OLED TV

26. Mobile phones with oled screen

27. Future Uses for OLED
Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as a window
• Heads up display.
Cell Phones
• Nokia 888

29. Conclusion
• Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as
the next generation displays.
• As OLED display technology matures, it will be
better able to improve upon certain existing
limitations of other display techonogy including
• high power consumption
• limited viewing angles
• poor contrast ratios.

30. •IEEE Paper, Hellemans. A. Polymer matrix augurs flexible
displays. IEEE Spectrum 37, 1821.
•http://www.oled-info.com
•http://news.oled-display.net-------for daily oled news & market.
•http://www.konicaminolta.com/about/research/oled/developm
ent/indexhtml, accessed: February 2012
•http://www.raystar-optronics.com
References

31. In Next Episode………….
we will see about…………
Material used for oled
Oled driver circuit
fabrication technology
Global market till now……..
AND
It will continue up to final episode………

32. THANK
YOU