These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how in improvements in printed electronics, wireless telecom, and the Internet are enabling the greater use of smart logistics. Logistics now represents 10% of global GDP thus representing a large percentage of expenditures. Improvements in printed electronics enables cheaper and better RFID tags and smart packaging; the latter can be accessed by logistic companies and consumers. All of this enables better monitoring of products throughout their journey to the marketplace, on ships, in warehouses, and in retail outlets. It also enables customers to more easily find products in retail outlets and for robots to find products in warehouses.

1. Title Layout
Subtitle
SMART LOGISTICS
Tan Peng Khiang A0120524x
Abhishek Kumar A0132662l
Gyula Kimpan A0145049E
Vengatesan Govindaraju A0107254
Hayagrivan Mugunthan A0146481A
Nanditha Elango A0146470H

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Research Indicates that global
market value of logistics has
surpassed $4 trillion, which
equates to 10% of global GDP
http://goldenvalleyco.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/GVDI-Logistics-Industry-Analysis-final-version.pdf

3. LOGISTICS FLOW
Maritime Air Road Logistics

4. Warehouse
Inventory Management
Transportation
Security
Packaging
Internet of Things
Energy
CONTENT

5. Internet of
things
SENSE ACTION
Decreasing sensor cost, size and power consumption
will facilitate real time parcel tracking for customer
and well real time inventory tracking
and management for logistics companies.
Dynamic Shelf life of food items
CHALLENGES:
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch3~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch3.8
IoT IN LOGISTICS
Few Cent MEMS

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Above Illustration is for demo purpose, no such option exists in above site
ITEM TRACKING:

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Owned by SAP
o SENSE OF RELIABILITY
o DYNAMIC SELF LIFE OF ITEM
o LOGISTICS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

8. PORTABLE CIRCUIT CONNECTOR
Customized device printing (as
per customer preference)
through portable devices
printers.
Voxel 8

9. http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/innovation/internet_of_things_opportunities_and_challenges_for_semiconductor_companies
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
SIGFOX & LORAWAN
ISM band (license-free frequency).
low data carrying capabilities and slow
transmission rate
SigFox devices can send 140 messages (max data size of 12 bytes) per
day and receive 4 messages of 8 bytes data per day
Energy consumption are 1/1000 of
cellular devices(best use allows 10 years on
single batteries)
SigFox charges $1 per device per year for those with
50,000 or more devices
While BLE can operate for months and years on single
coin cell
http://www.bluetooth.com/what-is-bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-technology-basics/low-energy

10. DEVICE TO DEVICE COMMUNICATION
By 2020 device density is expected to reach 200,000 to
1 million per km2
D2D communication can be used by battery operated device running to
send certain data to nearby fixed device to be
send to cloud instead of having a direct communication link hence saving
power by using BLE or other power efficient channels
Backscatteringcan also be used to activate these device for
short range communication
Direct Connection
Limited Communication distance
No Direct Connection to N/W
Conventional triangulationmethod can be used to determine
the location.
Data security issues would be a big concern, a rigid
communication protocol would be needed.

11. PRINTABLE CHIPLESS RFID
Chipless RFID tags do not contain a silicon chip.
The primary potential benefit of the most promising
chipless tags is that eventually they could be printed
directly on products and packaging for 0.1 cents (equivalent
to barcode and 50 times less price than traditional RFID) and
replace ten trillion barcodes yearly with something far more
versatile and reliable.
Chipless tags possesses long communication range since
they do not use transistor that require threshold voltage to
power up the IC.
Challenges:
•Printing tags on low cost substrates, in particular low grade
packaging papers (Research in progress)
•Fully inkjet printing process can rarely modify the encoded
data once manufactured.
•For a compact size, one effective pathway is moving
operating frequencies to higher band which is being
researched. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:700169/FULLTEXT01.pdf
http://www.trackschoolbus.com/blog/chipless-rfid-tag-set-to-kill-off-the-barcode/
http://www.scdigest.com/ontarget/15-04-22-1.php?cid=9228
Chipless RFID tag set to kill off the barcode

12. ON DEVICE ANALYSIS
FOG COMPUTING
Certain times devices/sensors need not send data all the time,
only certain part of data which are out a pre determined
threshold are of importance. Hence storing and analysing data
on chip could save on communication cost.
Fog computing is about computing on the edge.
Devices communicate via peer-to-peer to effectively share store data to effectively take local decision.
SQL Anywhere is a 50 MB Database which structural way making reading and hence on device analytics faster
could sit on any tiny device and can store data in structural way for quick data read and hence analytics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog_computing

13. $83 billion world battery industry
Global battery demand is forecast to
rise 7.7 percent per year to $120
billion in 2019

14. How will devices be powered in a smart
logistics?
Batteries and energy harvesters

15. Batteries reimagined – latest advancements
 Foam batteries Non-toxic 3D
structure
 Nano 'yolk‘ 3x capacity, charged in 6 minutes
 Alfa battery 40x capacity, lasts 14 days and runs on
water
 Water dew powered batteries Use water
from air
 Ryden dual carbon battery 20x times faster charge

16. Batteries reimagined – examples
Water dew battery Foam battery
Interleaved flat metal plates to produce
power from the water dew in the air
EARLY DEVELOPMENT READYTO BE COMMERCIALIZED
3D copper foam substrate
Organic battery
Organic flow battery, not only
as efficient as metal but could
also be made on a huge scale
IN DEVELOPMENT

17. Batteries reimagined – existing and emerging technology

18. Batteries reimagined

19. Batteries reimagined – the benefits
How does these new technologies benefit the devices?
 Longer run times up to 3x
capacity
 Smaller and lighter batteries thanks to metal-air batteries
 Incrementally faster recharge times up to 20x
 Longer battery lifetimes up to 3x
 Less environmental damage caused by disposed units
 Possibility for unusually shaped robots with the use of foldable batteries

20. Energy harvesting

21. Currently

22. Vibration and RF harvesting
Ultra-wideband antenna to exploit a
variety of signals in different
frequency ranges
FM radio to radar, a range spanning
100MHz to 15GHz
Moving of goods in a supply chain involves vibrations, be
it truck, forklift, conveyor belts
Able to harvest enough energy to power IoT sensors and
devices -> eliminate need for batteries

23. Harvesting energy from heat changes

24. Global packaging market is estimated to reach $975 billion by 2018
http://www.smitherspira.com/news/2013/december/global-packaging-industry-market-growth-to-2018

25. Active Packaging –What is it?
• Moisture Control (desiccants)
• Corrosion control (special over-wraps)
• Oxygen control (iron packs)
• Security (Holograms)
• Tracking (RFID)
Image source:
http://www.ubeeco.com.au/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/Desiccant-Bag-
300x300.jpg
From <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_packaging>
Image source: https://www.mavericklabel.com/images/products/hologram-
stock/hologram-stock-display.png
Image source:
http://grammi.co.id/sites/default/files/RF
ID-Chip.jpg

26. So what is Smart Packaging then?
• Interactive, responsive to stimuli
• Monitors/measures attribute of product
• Connected
• Uses microelectronics and computer/mobile phone applications
• Examples:
– Packaging that lights up in response to touch, music or even the shelf life of
the product
– Packaging that allows consumers to interact with it

27. Smart Packaging
• Dynamic indicators for use-by dates
• NFC for interactive packaging
• Light up containers
From http://www.packagingdigest.com/smart-packaging/smart-packaging-experts-see-applications-opportunity1507
http://phys.org/news/2011-01-light-up-cereal-powered-shelves-
ces.html
http://blog.drupa.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/07/IMG_5113-805x1024.jpg
http://www.packagingdigest.com/
sites/default/files/styles/featured_i
mage_750x422/public/NFC%20Ch
allenge%2072%20dpi.jpg?itok=I9
AiP09B

28. Where are we?
• Smart packaging is already in the market – containers that monitor
shelf life of frozen seafood, alcohol bottle with NFC
http://www.packworld.com/sites/default/files/styles/lightbox/public/fiel
d/image/manlypicsushi_0.jpg?itok=6MGFyBW4
http://www.packagingdigest.com/sites/default/files/styles/featured_image_750x422/public/Remy%20M
artin%2072%20dpi.jpg?itok=HSL3dtJ0

29. And the numbers…
• Demand for active and intelligent packaging in the U.S. is forecast
to expand 8% annually to $3.5 billion in 2017, well above total
packaging demand growth.
From http://www.packagingdigest.com/smart-packaging/smart-packaging-forecast-grow-8-percent-annually

30. What’s behind this growth of Smart Packaging?
• PRINTED ELECTRONICS!
• The cost of printed electronics is forecasted to go down by 99% by
2023
• IDTechEx estimates the global demand for electronic smart
packaging devices is currently at a tipping point (75 million USD in
2013) and will grow rapidly to 1.45 billion USD by 2023
• Printed lighting, heaters, batteries, solar cells and flexible displays
are already in production
From http://www.packworld.com/trends-and-issues/smartactive-packaging/smart-packaging-grow-75-million-145-billion-10-years
http://www.packaging.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Mr-Rick-Yeo.pdf

31. What does this mean?
From http://www.packaging.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Mr-Rick-Yeo.pdf
https://youtu.be/N
EOt3nOCm7k

32. What does this mean?
From http://www.packaging.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Mr-Rick-Yeo.pdf
https://youtu.be/N
EOt3nOCm7k

33. From
From http://www.packaging.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Mr-Rick-Yeo.pdf

34. SMART INVENTORY

35. Inventory Management today
• Keep track of stock, misplaced items, item locations
– Store level
– Warehouse level
• Totally manual – even with Barcodes and RFID – process is easier but
still manual
• Time consuming, difficult to reach higher shelves especially in
warehouses
• Prone to error
https://www.salesvu.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ga.jpg
https://www.salesvu.com/blog/wp
-content/uploads/2014/11/ga.jpg
http://www.aristidenkoumondo.
co.ke/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/invent
m.jpg

36. Inventory management -The future
• Robotics
– Autonomous navigation – easy and accurate planogram generation
– RFID and Barcode scanning
– Image recognition
– Drones
• Most importantly – they are connected
– Everyone from the store managers to the customers can easily look up
availability, price and other things about the products
http://images.scienceda
ily.com/2014/12/141215
084424_1_900x600.jpg
http://www.technologyreview.com/sites/default/files/legacy/shop-botx220.jpg

37. Warehouse Inventory - Future
• InventAIRy Project at Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and
Logistics
• Flying robots (drones) – autonomous navigation
• Perceives environment dynamically
– Motion and camera sensors inside the warehouse
– GPS for navigating outside
• Tracks objects with barcodes and RFID
• Planograms – using lasers, 3D cameras, etc.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141215084424.htm
http://www.autonomik40.de/en/InventAIRy.php

38. Store Inventory - Future
• CMU’s AndyVision
• Generates detailed aisle-shelf level store map that can be displayed in-
store on a screen using which the customers can browse through a
virtual schematic of the store using touch/gesture interfaces
• Can perform thorough inventory and can alert store staff if an item is
running low or is misplaced or is out of stock
• Real-time fusion of machine learning and image processing techniques
• Mobile app – make a shopping list and you will get the location of each
item on your list in the store
http://www.cmu.edu/homepage/computing/2012/summer/robots-in-retail.shtml

39. AndyVision – Store Management
https://youtu.be/n5309ILTV2s

40. AndyVision - Customers
https://youtu.be/n5309ILTV2s

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Global market for Material handling equipments
projected to reach US$135 billion by 2020.
http://www.supplychain247.com/article/new_delivery_models_pose_serious_challenges_to_ups_fedex_usps_monopolies

42. Material Handling
Short-distance movement within
the confines of building
• State of the art
– Automation
– Transport Equipments
• Crane, Conveyor Belts
– Positioning Equipments
• Pallets, Lift table
Grop-Werke GmBH & Co

43. Automation
• Robotic Order Picking
– Electro adhesive grippers for handling
of delicate and difficult to grasp parts
– Soft Robotics, Dielectric Elastomers
• Companies
– GrabIT Inc., raises $10.6M in funding
in June 2015.
– Hointer - robot-powered apparel
startup
GrabIt Inc.
USA
Ref: https://vimeo.com/98356116
CarpalTunnel
Syndrome
Soft Robotics Inc., US

44. Automation
• Vision and Voice Picking
– Speech recognition
– machine learning
• Improved Vision Systems
– Depth sensors, Faster Processing speed
• Companies
– Voxware, BaiduEye - handsfree / eyes-free approach
– order picking -> 40 to 60 percent of total warehouse
labor hours
– 60% reduction in picking errors
– productivity increases ranging from 11% to 40% over six
months
Ref: http://www.prologis.com/docs/research/supply_chain/Voice_Recognition_Systems_-_March_2006.pdf
Vintronics,Germany
BaiduEye, US
Camera
Earphone
Vision Picking
Voice Activated Picking

45. Manual Handling
• Causes Musculoskeletal disorders
• Computational powers, Compliant
Actuators
• Robotic supernumerary arms
• Frugal innovations in developing
countries
Artificial Muscles
Finite Element
Analysis
Prof. Harry Asada, MIT NID, India
Prof. Harry Asada, MIT

46. Manual Handling
• Exoskeleton
– battery technology
– strong and light material
• Companies
Cyberdyne Inc., JapanDaewoo Shipbuilding, Korea
Nanostructured ceramics

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According to National Cargo Security Council
Global financial impact of cargo loss/theft exceeds
$50 billion annually
http://gohnm.com/prevent-cargo-theft/

48. Concern of Distribution Manager
• Fate of a consignment after it has left base and the
scheduled time of arrival
• Follow up with the transport agents
• Distribution manager needs technology to track the cargo

49. PALM SECURE
• Palm Secure features industry-
leading authentication accuracy
with extremely low false rates, and
the non-intrusive and contactless
reader.
• Lock your consignment and at the
other end only authorised person
can open

50. SECURITY FOR CONSIGNMENT
• Personal Consignment needs
maximum security in case of
‘crowd sourcing logistics’.
• Concept of dragon vault with
Palm security comes into
picture.
• Dragon vault is the concept
of Drop box for physical
things.

51. • Port of Seattle was closed for
several hours in August when a
dog trained to detect explosives.
• The prototype sniffs for
explosives by using groups of
nano-scale transistors that
react to tiny electrical changes
when certain chemicals pass by.
• The chip can raise alarms if
there are just a few molecules
found out of 1,000 trillion.
• It can sniff out bombs from
16 feet away, saves a lot of
time.
http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/24/super-sensitive-bomb-detecting-chip/
http://gadgets.ndtv.com/science/news/new-ultra-sensitive-nanotech-chip-to-detect-explosives-at-a-distance-547612
http://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/cargo-security-collaborate-prevent-react/
EXPLOSIVE DETECTION CHIP

52. GEOFENCING FOR CARGO SAFETY
• Cargo and trucks with pre
assigned area of movement.
• Automated alert generation
when movement is beyond pre
defined geo fence.

53. SECURITY INSIDE WAREHOUSES
• The technology involves the active
participation of the community, which the
company terms as ‘crowd sourced security’.
• Once the alert is pushed, the robot will allow
its data server to be accessed by community
members, thus giving the people the
opportunity to review, set-up parameters and
contribute on a real time basis
• The bantam yet stout robot is envisaged as a
smart safety tool for watching over public
oriented spaces, like corporation campuses,
schools, warehouses

54. THEFT STATISTICS
THEFT BY AREAS % ofTHEFT BY PRODUCTS
http://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/the-full-cost-of-cargo-losses/

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Acquity Group’s recent survey: 75% consumers
accepts 3rd party deliveries.
http://www.supplychain247.com/article/new_delivery_models_pose_serious_challenges_to_ups_fedex_usps_monopolies

56. Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics
What is collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics?
• Delivery service provided by anyone sourced from the crowd
via a platform.
• Providing service for anyone requiring something to be
delivered. Cheap, fast.
• Platform is usually in the form of website or Smart Phone App
is used.
References:
Graphics obtained from Google.com
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hitch-crowdsourced-delivery/id932675959?mt=8
http://www.piggybee.com/en/

57. Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics
Who can provide Collaborative (Crowdsourcing)
Logistics Platform?
• Companies, Retailers: Amazon (flex.amazon.com), Walmart
• DHL (MyWays) , Uber (UberCARGO)
• Start-ups: Deliv.co, Shipizy, Entrusters
Who uses Collaborative (Crowdsourcing)
Logistics?
• Any one interested in earning some extra income to make a delivery.
• Recent survey by Acquity Group: 75% consumers able to accept
deliveries from 3rd parties. 64% consumers would pay for faster
delivery. 39% would pay for same day delivery.References:
http://www.supplychain247.com/article/new_delivery_models_pose_serious_challenges_to_ups_fedex_usps_monopolies

58. EXAMPLE 1
• Example of Crowdsourcing Logistics (PiggyBee.com)
JOHN
PETER
MARYPETER
References:
Graphics obtained from Google.com
Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics

59. • Example of Crowdsourcing Logistics (PiggyBee.com)
• However….
MARY
?
References:
Graphics obtained from Google.com
Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics

60. Earn as you Fly
Pick, Deliver and Earn
$$
References:
Graphics obtained from Google.com
Departure Hall Arrival Hall (Destination)
Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics
• Sign up directly at airport to be part of crowdsourcing logistics.
• Traveller can help check in an item with their spare baggage weight.
• Earn air miles, and help maximize air plane cargo holding capacity.
• Greener for the environment, lesser flight for cargo?
• DHL, FED-EX, UPS might integrate this into their delivery schedule
and method.
EXAMPLE 2

61. • Better and maximize the use of resources
• Creates income
• Faster and Cheaper delivery
• Help create a better world
• Humanitarian causes, charitable institutions
• Removes boundaries of goods availability.
Benefits
Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics

62. • Personal data miss-handling
• Payment issues
• Legality to implement
• Responsibilities
• Performance
• Security
Difficulties
References:
https://postmates.com
https://www.taskrabbit.com/
Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics

63. • Competition.
• More varieties.
• Quality of service.
• Creates opportunities.
• Better use of resources.
What does this leads to?
What’s next?
• Maybe more big companies might provide more platform for
crowdsourcing logistics.
• Crowdsourcing logistics re-implemented into commercial world.
• More use in Humanitarian effort.
Collaborative (Crowdsourcing) Logistics

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Conclusion

65. SMART LOGISTICS
TRACKING
FASTER
DELIVERY
PERSONALISED
MARKETING
DISASTER
RESPONSE
LESS CO2
FOOTPRINT
LESS LABOUR
INTENSIVE
CHEAPER
COST
EFFICIENCY

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QUESTIONS ?
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