This document summarizes a 6-year case study of whitefly management in a 10-hectare greenhouse in Northern Greece. The study utilized an integrated pest management approach considering principles of environmental sustainability, food safety, and market demands. Key factors for effective whitefly management included high hygiene status, adequate scouting levels, targeted chemical applications, proper introduction of predatory mites like Macrolophus caliginosus and Euseius eremicus, and quickly addressing any issues like broken insect nets. With the total greenhouse management approach, the grower was able to balance economic results, consumer safety, and business sustainability.

1. Total Greenhouse Management®
6 years implementation in 10 ha6 years implementation in 10 ha
glasshouse area in North Greece:
The case of Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Christina Papaioannou
Christos D. Katsanos Poster Code
T7.P-03

2. Introduction
Whitefly is recognized as one of the major
problems in greenhouse tomato production
industry worldwide, with emphasis in South
East Europe. Commercial tomato greenhouses
all around the world deal with whitefly
management while market demands and
available active ingredients change rapidly,
Materials and methods
For the results of our study we utilized our
six-year experience in a full-automatic
10ha glasshouse situated in North Greece,
producing branded cluster tomatoes year-
round.
making the development of an effective pest
management method a priority.
The purpose of this study is to present an
effective whitefly management method in a
large scale implementation by the most
economical means, considering IPM principles,
environmental sustainability, food safety and
market demands as a prerequisite.

3. averagecaptures(10ha)
week
plantation: week 37-mid Sept
hygiene status: high
scouting level: average
chemical applications: 1 broad, 3 spot
M. caliginosus (/m2): 1 + 0,5
Er. eremicus nr of introduction: 13 broad, 24 spot
losses: 200kg
costs: €0.75/m2
Graph 1. critical factors: average scouting level, delay on M. caliginosus introduction
averagecaptures(10ha)
week
plantation: wk 45-Nov
hygiene status: high
scouting level: high
chemical applications: 1 broad
M. caliginosus (/m2): 1,5 + 1,5
Er. eremicus nr of introduction: 0 broad, 21 spot
losses: -
costs: €0.72/m2
Graph 2. critical factor: excessive M. caliginosus introduction, costs can decrease

4. averagecpatures(10ha)
plantation: wk 36-Sept
hygiene status: average
scouting level: high
chemical applications: 2 broad
M. caliginosus (/m2): 1 + 1
Er. eremicus nr of introduction: 2 broad, 17 spot
averagecpatures(10ha)
week
Er. eremicus nr of introduction: 2 broad, 17 spot
losses: -
costs: €0.53/m2
Graph 3. critical factors: broken insect nets in September

5. Total
Whitefly
Scouting & Monitoring Hygiene
hygiene rules
(stuff & visitors)
weed
management
on time
decision & action
clean start,
clean end
know-how
& excitement
stuff
training
weekly
schedule
spots
detection
energy
management
maintenance
Management
market
demands
planting date
I S H I K A W A D I A G R A M
Whitefly
Management
Location Growing Strategy Construction & Machinery
plant
density
T & Joule
(degree days)
neighbor
crops
insect nets
decision & action
spraying machinery
calibration
crop
balance
variety
greenhouse level
& heating uniformity
microclimate
legislation
bumblebees
greenhouse type
pest pressure &
natural enemies
history

6. Weekly scoutingClean start
Training workers on pests & diseases
Decision make tool (Source: European Commission, KOPPERT BV)
M. caliginosus, required for
a year round tomato crop
Er. eremicus shows better results
than En. formosa (24h T>16oC)
Hot spots monitored by trained labor

7. Conclusions
Preventive and curative measures results against
Trialeurodes vaporariorum in Crop Protection Review
show that a symphonious interaction in all greenhouse
actions and departments (Total Greenhouse
Management® approach) is crucial.Management® approach) is crucial.
Total Greenhouse Management® implementation, in
the case of whitefly, achieves a balance in positive
economical result, consumer safety, sales points
satisfaction and sustainability of the enterprise.

8. A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s

9. http://about.me/CPapaioannou
http://about.me/ChristosKatsanos