The document discusses eco-efficient agriculture from the perspective of plant pest and disease management. It outlines an approach to decrease the use of non-renewable resources and better manage pests, diseases, and weeds through developing crop varieties that can withstand attacks. Examples are given of research at CIAT identifying natural enemies of pests like baculovirus and fungi, as well as developing rice varieties with tolerance to diseases like blast to reduce fungicide use. The goal is to produce the same or more output using less of everything through monitoring conditions to anticipate pest and disease outbreaks.

1. Eco-efficient Agriculture from Plant Pest and Disease Management Perspective Gloria Mosquera Rice and Bean Pathologist, CIAT g.m.mosquera@cgiar.org

2. APPROACH: Development of plant material and agricultural practices to decrease the use of non-renewable resources, better management of pests, diseases and weeds control. PARTNERSHIP: Engaging farmers, public, research institutions, government. STATEMENT: Agriculture needs to be efficient without disturbing environment. OUR TASK: To develop crops that can endure pests and diseases attacks; monitoring systems to be ahead of disease appearance OUTPUT: “ To produce the same or more using less of everything “

3. Mealybugs Phenacoccus herreni Phenacoccus manihot Hornworm Erinnyis ello Whiteflies Trialeurodes variabilis Aleurotrachelus socialis Bemisia tabaci B. tuberculata Mites Mononychellus tanajoa Mononychellus caribeanae Tetranychus urtice Tetranychus spp Examples of research helping the ecology: Cassava pests control

4. BACULOVIRUS Erinnyis ello Lecanicilium lecanii eco-alternatives found at CIAT (Entomology) -Research allowed the identification of “natural enemies” Baculovirus for hornworm Fungus L. lecanii for whiteflies Products based on Baculovirus and fungus are commercially available.

5. Rice farming as a model for eco-efficient crop (Pathology) First case : Panicle blight disease ( B. glumae) Pathogen reported in Colombia in 1989 2007 economically important losses due to this disease. How a harmless microorganism can gain importance? Climate change is the most likely explanation Right Combination of humidity, temperature, and sunlight are predicted to be the foundation for epidemics Monitoring climate conditions can help us to predict epidemics?

6. Second case : Blast disease ( M. oryzae ) Most important disease affecting rice, distributed worldwide. No durable resistance so far, fungicide application is a common practice Resistance vs. Tolerance Rice farming as a model for eco-efficient crop (Pathology) Rice varieties that tolerate pathogen attack without affecting yield