The document provides an inception report for updating the Bangladesh National Building Code of 1993. It outlines the formation of a steering committee to oversee the update led by the Housing and Building Research Institute. The Bureau of Research, Testing and Consultation of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology was selected to manage the project and assembled a team of 33 experts to review and update the code. The preliminary reviews identified needed changes in areas like structural design, geotechnical engineering, architecture, materials, construction practices, and seismic provisions to create a more comprehensive and up-to-date building code for Bangladesh.

1. Updating of Bangladesh National
Building Code 1993
INCEPTION REPORT
FEBRUARY 2010
Submitted to
Housing and Building Research Institute (HBRI)
Bureau of Research Testing and Consultancy (BRTC),
Bangladesh University of Engineering and
Technology (BUET)

2. ii
SUMMARY
Ministry of Housing and Public Works formed a steering committee with the responsibility of
Updating BNBC 1993 by a G.O. having circular no. Section 8/IM-5/93(part) 812 (28) date:
15.09.2008. The Housing and Building Research Institute (HBRI) has been entrusted with the
task of providing secretarial service to the steering committee and managing the
implementation of the project. In response to the Request for Proposal (RFP) from HBRI,
Bureau of Research, Testing and Consultation (BRTC) of Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology (BUET) submitted Technical and Financial proposals for
updating the code. Consequently an agreement was signed between HBRI and BRTC on the
15th of December, 2009 giving the task of updating the Code to BRTC, BUET. According to
the TOR of the agreement the major tasks assigned to BRTC are;
• Review and Update of BNBC 1993
• Review and Update of the Building Construction Act 1952 and the Administrative
Arrangement and Implementing Provisions of it
A team of experts consisting of 33 Professionals from various disciplines (27 from BUET and
6 from outside) were gathered for updating the code. For management and co-ordination of
the work, a team leader and a coordinator has been assigned from among the consultants.
It is to be remembered that the present version of the BNBC was prepared in 1993. Since
then major changes have taken place in every discipline of the Building technology. To make
the Updated code time worthy and at par with the codes of both the neighboring and
developed countries, the codes and other related documents have been collected from these
countries. These documents, including books, journals, manuals, research reports etc.
available in the libraries of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
have been preliminarily reviewed by the consultants to identify changes / modifications of
BNBC 1993. The preliminary reviews and suggestions and the tentative table of contents
proposed for the Updated BNBC have been presented in the inception report. The process of
collection and review of documents will continue along with inclusion of the findings of the
review in the updated code at different stages of its preparation till finalization of the
Updated version.
It is proposed that the Updated BNBC will have 10 parts with a total of 54 chapters.
Moreover some chapters will contain a number of appendices wherein sample calculations,
design tables, graphs etc. will be provided for use by the readers for important analysis and
designs. Part-6 Structural Design has 13 chapters which is the maximum among all the
parts.
In the contents of the proposed Updated Code, almost all of the topics of BNBC 1993 have
been retained. Moreover some of these have been elaborated to accommodate the changes
identified during review of the BNBC 1993 and the various codes and documents collected
to make their scope wider, up to date and user friendly. In the following sections the
changes are discussed with emphasis on the needs for the changes and the inclusions
suggested.
Part-6 “Structural Design” chapter in the Updated Code will include two new chapters, one
on Bamboo Structure and the other on Steel-Concrete Composite Structures. The former is

3. iii
intended for use in the rural areas. The use of well designed and economic bamboo
structures is expected to be attractive to the rural people. The Steel Concrete composite
structures are expected to be widely used in the industries. In urban areas this type of
structure is expected to find application in high rise construction.
Contrary to the presentation of Geotechnical engineering in BNBC 1993 wherein it has been
treated as “Foundation” having limited scope, in the Updated code the Geotechnical
engineering has been re-named as “Soils and Foundations” as revealed during review of
most of the codes. The scope of the proposed “Soils and Foundations” chapter has been
made wider by including topics such as ground improvement, geo-textiles, soil
reinforcement, slope stability, foundation on problematic soils and sanitary landfills,
dewatering, evaluation of liquefaction potential of soils. The new scope of the “Soils and
Foundations” chapter is in line with the codes reviewed and requirements of the
Geotechnical professionals of the country.
Depletion of energy resources and environmental changes is a major concern worldwide.
Bangladesh is no exception to it. Keeping these aspects in mind, changes and modifications
have been suggested in BNBC 1993 for use of energy saving appliances, non-conventional
fuels etc. in buildings. It has also been proposed that the Updated BNBC will contain
chapters addressing the issues of energy conservation, rainwater harvesting and distribution
mechanisms in the buildings. These are discussed in details below.
In Part 3, “General Building Requirements, Control an Regulation” new Chapter-4 “Energy
Efficiency and Passive Energy Design Features” has been proposed giving minimum code
requirements for achieving the efficiency, targeting solar energy use in buildings of 10% to
20% by 2020.
To reduce energy consumption in buildings provisions for use of variable refrigeration
system in HVAC applications, Variable Voltage, Variable frequency drives in elevator
applications has been proposed in Chapter-3 “Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilation” of
Part-8 “Building Services”. Energy conservation in lighting using energy saving lamps,
Fluorescent lamps and GLS lamps has also been proposed in Chapter-2, “Electrical
Installation” of the same part.
To augment water supply in Buildings, Chapter-8, “Rainwater Management” in Part-8
“Building Services” has been included in the Updated Code containing specific guidelines for
harvesting, storage and distribution of rainwater.
To make the fire fighting services available to people residing in the congested urban areas,
rural areas and remote areas, special provisions have been proposed in the Chapter “Specific
Requirements for Rural Areas and Remote Areas of Part-4 “Fire Protection” of the Updated
Code.
Chapter-4 “Administration, Permit and Inspection” and Chapter-5 “Legal Proceedings” of
Part-2 “Planning, Environment, Administration and Legislation” have been included for
control and enforcement of the provisions of the Updated Code in all activities related to the
building planning and construction at all levels. It is proposed that the sections will
demarcate the administrative and legal issues more clearly for smooth management of the
building construction activities.

4. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary ii
Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Background 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of Services 4
1.5 Scope of the Report 5
Work Plan 7
2.1 Methodology 7
2.1.1 Inputs 7
2.1.2 Process 9
2.1.3 Outputs 9
2.1.4 Review 10
2.1.5 Final Output 10
2.2 Organization and Management 10
2.2.1 Organization 10
2.2.2 Management 15
2.3 Work Schedule 17
2.4 Personnel Deployment Schedule 18
Planning, Environment, Administration and Legislation 24
3.1 Terms of Reference of the Group 24
3.2 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 24
3.3 List of Collected Documents/Information 26
3.4 List of Documents to be Collected 26
3.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 26
3.5.1 Planning 26
3.5.2 Environment 27
3.5.3 Administration and Legislation 27
3.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 29
3.7 Tentative Structure of the Updated Code 29
Architecture 31
4.1 General 31
4.2 Terms of Reference of the Group 31
4.3 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 32
4.3 Collection of Relevant Documents 33
4.3.1 Introduction 33
4.3.2 Documents Already Collected 33
4.3.3 Documents to be Collected 34

5. v
4.4 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 34
4.4.1 Introduction 34
4.4.2 Preliminary Review of International Building Code (IBC_2009) 34
4.4.3 Preliminary Review of National Building Code of India (2005) 37
4.4.4 Preliminary Review of Building Code of China 37
4.5 Preliminary Review of BNBC-1993 38
4.6 Tentative Structure of the Updated Code 40
Materials, Structure, Construction and Seismic Provisions 41
5.1 Terms of Reference of the Subgroups 41
5.1.1 Subgroup: Materials 41
5.1.2 Subgroup: Structure 42
5.1.3 Subgroup: Construction 42
5.1.4 Subgroup: Earthquake Engineering 43
5.2 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 44
5.2.1 Subgroup: Materials 44
5.2.2 Subgroup: Structure 45
5.2.3 Subgroup: Construction 47
5.2.4 Subgroup: Earthquake Engineering 48
5.3 List of Collected Documents 49
5.4 List of documents to be collected 50
5.5 Preliminary Review of Documents and Tentative Structure of the
Code for Materials Subgroup 51
5.5.1 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 51
5.5.2 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 52
5.5.3 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 53
5.6 Preliminary Review of Documents and Tentative Structure
of the Code for Structural Engineering 53
5.6.1 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 53
5.6.2 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 58
5.6.3 Tentative Structure of relevant part of the code 59
5.7 Preliminary review of documents and tentative
structure of the code for Construction practices 61
5.7.1 Preliminary review of the collected documents 61
5.7.2 Review of the BNBC 1993 63
5.7.3 Tentative structure of relevant part of the code 63
5.8 Preliminary review of documents and tentative structure for Seismic provisions 64
5.8.1 General 64
5.8.2 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 64
5.8.3 Review of BNBC 1993 66
5.8.4 Tentative Structure of the Relevant Part of the Code 67
Geotechnical Engineering 69
6.1 Terms of Reference of the Group 69

6. vi
6.2 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 69
6.3 List of Collected Documents 69
6.4 List of Documents to be Collected 70
6.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 70
6.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 71
6.7 Tentative Structure of the Relevant Part of the Code 73
Building Services 74
7.1 Fire Protection 74
7.1.1 Terms of Reference 74
7.1.2 List of Collected Materials 74
7.1.3 List of Documents to be Collected 75
7.1.4 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 75
7.1.5 Review of the BNBC 1993 76
7.1.6 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 76
7.2 HVAC, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks 76
7.2.1 General 76
7.2.2 Terms of Reference of the Consultant 77
7.2.3 List of Collected Documents : 77
7.2.4 List of Documents to be Collected 77
7.2.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 78
7.2.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 78
7.2.7 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part 80
7.3 Electrical Engineering 81
7.3.1 Terms of Reference of the Subgroup 81
7.3.2 List of Collected Documents 82
7.3.3 List of Documents to be Collected 82
7.3.4 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 83
7.3.5 Review of BNBC 1993 83
7.3.6 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 87
7.4 Fuel and Gas Supply 88
7.4.1 Terms of Reference of the Consultant 88
7.4.2 List of Collected Documents 88
7.4.3 List of Documents to be Collected 88
7.4.4 Preliminary Review of Collected documents 89
7.4.5 Review of BNBC 1993 89
7.4.6 Tentative Structure 89
7.5 Water Supply and Sanitation 89
7.5.1 Terms of Reference of the Sub-group 89
7.5.2 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 90
7.5.3 List of Collected Documents 90
7.5.4 List of Documents to be Collected 90
7.5.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 90
7.5.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 91
7.5.7 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 94

7. vii
7.6 Information Technology 94
7.6.1 Terms of Reference of the Consultant 94
7.6.2 Collection of Documents 95
7.6.3 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 95
Tentative Structure and Table of Contents of the Updated Code 96
8.1 Tentative Structure of the Updated Code 96
8.2 Summary Table of Contents of the Updated Code 96
8.3 Tentative Table of Contents of the Updated Code 99

8. 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
In order to provide safe and healthy habitat, all activities related to building construction
such as planning, design and construction needs to be regulated properly. Technological
and socio-economic developments in recent times have led to remarkable increase in
demand for more and more sophistication in buildings resulting in ever increasing
complexity. Buildings are products of a multi-disciplinary profession involving specialized
professional inputs from disciplines like Architecture, Fire prevention, Materials science,
Structural engineering, Geotechnical engineering Construction technology, Electrical
engineering, Mechanical engineering, Acoustics, Sanitation and plumbing technology,
Chemical engineering, Law, etc. It is therefore imperative that a uniform standard of practice
covering all aspects of planning, design and construction of buildings, including the service
facilities provided in it such as electrical, mechanical, sanitary and other services, be
followed to ensure safety, minimization of wastage in construction and optimum return for
the user. In the Building code each of the above aspects are addressed adequately by
professionals specializing in the relevant disciplines to ensure safety and comfort of the
users of the buildings.
In order to regulate the technical details of building construction and to maintain the
standard of construction the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) was first published
in 1993. It is a 1000 page detailed document specifying safe and acceptable practices in all
aspects of building design and construction. However, since its publication, significant
changes and developments have taken place in both building technology and material
properties requiring the use of the present state of the art knowledge and practices in
building planning, design and construction. To keep pace with the changed circumstances,
it is a routine practice to update codes. Sixteen years have elapsed since publication of the
code. Therefore time is, appropriate for updating of the Bangladesh National Building Code.
After introduction of the BNBC in 1993, the technology of building construction in
Bangladesh remained almost the same for quite some time as was in practice before its
publication. The lack of legal provisions in enforcing its use has been the main reason
behind it. In the meantime growing demand for home, scarcity of land and the upward trend
in the land prices in the urban areas brought in the culture of construction of moderate to
high rise structures and changed the prevailing culture of planning, design and construction
of buildings in the private sector. Gradually, the urban dwellers began to accept the concept
of living in high rise apartment building and investment in the housing sector turned out to
be a profitable business. As a result building construction activities were taken up by real-

9. 2
estate developers following which new trends developed in building planning and
construction. Some real-estate developers engaged professional people such as Architects,
Planners, Engineers to make their buildings more attractive to the buyers and the code
started finding its use among the professionals. However, some owners and developers
retained the habit of the old method of construction giving rise to unplanned growth of
structures in the urban areas. During this time some high rise structures failed to perform
satisfactorily due to structural failure / fire hazard which caused alarm among the urban
dwellers as well as the policy makers. The policy makers, therefore felt the urgency of
updating the BNBC 1993 to make its contents time worthy and also to bring it under strict
legal coverage to make its provisions binding to all involved in the planning, design,
construction and use.
1.2 BACKGROUND
At the onset of a new decade in the second millennium, the Government of Bangladesh has
taken up the task of updating the acts, regulations and the code related to building
construction. The building construction sector was first brought into a legal framework
through enactment of Building Construction Act 1952. By the power given by the Act, the
Government of Bangladesh has promulgated regulations which were amended from time to
time. In 2006 the Building Construction Act was amended to include a new Section 18A
empowering the Government to promulgate the Building Code as a legally binding
document.
Since its publication, BNBC 1993 has been referred to and consulted by the professionals
and designers in the field of building design and construction. After the endowment of legal
status, importance of the BNBC 1993 has further enhanced. However, unlike other building
codes available in the world, the Bangladesh National Building Code has not yet been
formally reviewed and updated since it was drafted in 1993. Neither any feedback of the
professionals regarding the document has been taken into formal consideration. In the last
sixteen years, new materials have been introduced, new scientific methods have emerged,
new technologies have evolved and both design of structures and construction practices
have gone through enormous changes. Researchers, engineers and academics in Bangladesh
have also conducted new studies which enrich our knowledge about planning, design,
construction and sustainability of buildings.
Ministry of Housing and Public Works formed a steering committee with the responsibility of
Updating BNBC 1993 by a G.O. having circular no. Section 8/IM-5/93(part) 812 (28) date:
15.09.2008. The Steering Committee comprises representatives from relevant government
agencies, universities and professional societies. The Housing and Building Research

10. 3
Institute (HBRI) has been entrusted with the task of providing secretarial service to the
Steering Committee and managing the implementation of the project.
In response to a Request for Proposal (RFP) from HBRI, Bureau of Research, Testing and
Consultancy (BRTC) of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
submitted Technical and Financial Proposals for updating BNBC 1993. Consequently an
agreement (Appendix A) was signed between HBRI and BRTC, BUET on 15th December 2009.
According to the agreement BRTC, BUET has to review and update the Bangladesh National
Building Code 1993, the Building Construction Act 1952 and the Administrative
arrangement and implementing provisions within 12 months. BRTC, BUET has deputed
leading experts in all relevant fields from both inside and outside of BUET. Finally the
updated code and act will be available both in printed form and soft copy in CDs and on
website.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the project is to revise and update the provisions of Bangladesh
National Building Code to keep pace with present needs. The Building Code is now
implemented under cover of the Act of 1952. More than half a century has however elapsed
since promulgation of the Act and a significant degree of progress has been achieved in
building construction sector during this period. This calls for review and
amendment/updating of the Act itself. Besides, in order to ensure compliance of the
Building Code by all concerned and effective enforcement of the Act, an effective and
achievable Administrative Arrangement must be worked out at all levels. Thus the work will
comprise the following three components:
• Review, revision and updating of the Bangladesh National Building Code 1993 to
bring it at par with the present state-of-the-art paying due consideration to local
needs and practices.
• Review of the Act with the latest amendments and preparation of draft of an
amended/updated version of the Act for consideration of enactment by competent
authority.
• Review of present administrative arrangement for implementing the provisions of the
Act at various levels; rural, union, upazila, district and metropolitan, for both private
and government developments. Recommendation of an effective yet achievable
administrative arrangement to ensure compliance of the Building Construction Act at
all levels.

11. 4
1.4 SCOPE OF SERVICES
The project will yield three distinct outputs as described above in separate submissions. To
achieve this goal, the following tasks will be performed by the Consultant:
• Collection and review of codes and standards of neighbouring as well as other
developed countries;
• Review of Internationally recognized Building Standards and Codes;
• Review of updated standards of building materials and services issued by the
Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI);
• Review of related laws like fire, environment etc. that have already been introduced
or updated or are expected;
• Present version of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) prepared in 1993
has ten distinct parts addressing different aspects of building construction and
building services with cross references as necessary. These are;
Part 1: Scope and Definitions
Part 2: Administration and Enforcement
Part 3: General Building Requirements, Control and Regulation
Part 4: Fire Protection
Part 5: Building Materials
Part 6: Structural Design
Part 7: Construction Practices and Safety
Part 8: Building Services
Part 9: Alteration, Addition to and Change of Use of Existing Buildings
Part 10: Signs and Outdoor Display
Review of each of the above parts and give due consideration to changes required in
the structure and content of the code as well as inclusion of issues like building
security & planning, renewable energy, rain water harvesting etc.;
• Formulation of ways and means for making BNBC more effective in terms of
acceptability, ease of application, and un-ambiguity keeping in view the socio-
economic aspects of the country;
• Critical examination and review of each Section of the present Building Code and
reformulation of the provisions as necessary in consideration of the new legislative
status of the Code;
• Preparation of a draft of the recompiled code for public review;
• Incorporation of commentary on important sections of the code, if necessary;
• Arrangement of Seminars/Workshops to gather views of relevant professionals and
feedbacks from existing BNBC users;

12. 5
• Arrangement of Seminars/Workshops on the revised draft to gather views of relevant
professionals and feedbacks before finalization of the Update BNBC;
• Incorporation of the results of review and editing of the recompiled code by national
level experts forming various editorial committees;
• Preparation of appropriate reference aids such as Index and detailed Table of
Contents;
• Selection of appropriate printing layout and format from consideration of utility and
convenience of different user groups of the Code;
• Preparation of electronic form of the approved Code with appropriate index/search
facility and making it available for download from a government website;
• Review of the Act in the light of present needs and examination of its suitability for
enforcing the provisions of Building Code;
• Preparation of draft of an updated version of the Act, submission of the draft for
review by an editorial board comprising legislative experts, finalisation of the edited
draft Act, submission of the draft Act for consideration of the Ministry of Law, Justice
and Parliamentary Affairs for enactment by competent constitutional authority;
• Review of administrative provisions of the Building Code vis-à-vis the present
administrative machinery and structure of the Government concerned with
implementation and enforcement of legal provisions and suggest changes, if
necessary ;
• Formulation of an administrative procedure necessary for effective implementation
of the updated Building Code in the light of its new legal status, and
recommendation for formulation of a nationally applicable institutional arrangement
for enforcement of provisions of the Building Code.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The inception report provides an outline of the updated code along with an overall structure
of the project management. The report also presents a review of the existing code and other
collected documents conducted in the first seven weeks of the project. The following points
are specifically elaborated in the report:
• Preliminary review of present code and other collected data/information
• A draft of the Table of Contents of the Revised Code
• Detailed work plan
• Proposed schedule for deployment of personnel
The inception report contains eight chapters. Chapter 1 presents the background, objectives
and scope of the project. Chapter 2 gives an account of the methodology, management
structure, work plan and personnel deployment schedule of the project. Terms of references

13. 6
of different Groups and individual Consultants, lists of documents collected and other
required documents and preliminary reviews of the collected documents and the BNBC 1993
are presented in a group wise manner in Chapters 3 to 7. Finally a tentative structure and
Table of Contents of the revised code is proposed in Chapter 8.

14. 7
WORK PLAN
2.1 METHODOLOGY
The tasks of the present assignment will be carried out keeping in view of the quality of
services and the time frame provided for completion of the assignment. The quality of
services will be ensured by employing specialists in each area of the Code, Act and the
Administrative arrangement for detail review and updating. Feedback on the updated Code
and the Act will be obtained from the whole cross-section of the end-users and
stakeholders.
The assignment will be realized following the methodology of input-process-output-
review-final output basis (Fig. 2.1).
2.1.1 INPUTS
The inputs for updating the Code will be gathered from the following:
• Examining the existing code
• Reviewing other documents like building codes, standards etc. available around the
world
• Feed-back from the end-users of the present code
Above mentioned methods are elaborated in the following sections.
EXAMINING THE EXISTING CODE
The overall structure as well as every detail of the existing code will be revisited. For this
purpose a soft copy of the existing code has been produced. Each part of the code will be
reviewed by each group of consultants during the review process. Clauses that require
modification and improvement will be identified and Lapses and laggings will be pointed out
with specific suggestions for improvement. The method of inclusion of newer topics and
their relation to the existing clauses of the existing code will also be examined. General
issues like planning, environment, administration and legislation will be reviewed in respect
of prevailing regulations concerning land use and building construction and environmental
guidelines which are in use. Both old and newly introduced construction materials may need
to be discussed at appropriate chapters in a coherent manner. Using recent statistics, design
loads may need reevaluation. New issues like climate change and geo-hazard have to be
addressed with proper relevance.

15. 8
Fig. 2.1: Schematic diagram showing the methodology for updating the code
Inputs
• Review of the present
code
• Review of other codes and
standards
• Feedback from the end-
users
Process
Compilation of the input
and feedbacks and
updating the code in a
coordinated manner
Output
Revisions to the
provisions of the code
presented in
‐ Inception report
‐ Interim report
‐ Draft
Review
• By the steering committee
• By the editorial committee
and national panel of
experts
• By Designers,
Professionals and other
end-users and stake-
holders
Final Output
Revisions to the
provisions of the code
presented in the form of
‐ Hardcopy
‐ Electronic copy
‐ Website

16. 9
REVIEWING OTHER DOCUMENTS
Prevailing buildings codes and standards of other countries will be reviewed and compared
with the BNBC 1993. For this purpose current important codes and standards like IBC 2009,
Euro Code, ACI 318-08, ASCE 7-05 etc. have been collected. National Building Code of India
2005 has already been collected and codes of other neighbouring countries are in the
process of collection. BUET being the premier technical university in the country has a rich
library with many reputed journals and proceedings which will be consulted for review.
Indigenous knowledge developed through research and practice by local researchers and
professionals will also be sought out through a survey and inclusion of the findings will be
explored.
FEEDBACK FROM END USERS/STAKEHOLDERS
At different stages of the preparation of the Updated version of the BNBC 1993 the outputs
will be submitted for examination / scrutiny by the end users / stakeholders for suggestions
and guidance for improvement of the material content and quality of the materials included
in the context of up-to-date building design, availability of material and construction
practices prevailing in the building sector. Such inputs from the end uses / stakeholders will
be obtained in five stages which are shown in Fig.2.1. It is hoped that multiple interactions
with the end users / stake holders will enable the consultants to develop the updated BNBC
maintaining its quality at par with other reputed codes.
2.1.2 PROCESS
The assignment of updating the BNBC 1993 will be conducted in a coordinated manner so
that the tasks are completed in due time and the milestones of the project are properly
achieved. For this purpose review and updating in the different areas of the Code will be
simultaneously carried out. Coordination of the interrelated areas will be achieved through
the contribution of the coordinator. The collected information will be compiled and an
outline of the up-date requirements will be prepared. After review and approval, the outline
will be detailed and appropriate contents will be prepared.
2.1.3 OUTPUTS
Before delivering the final output, interim outputs will be produced through three reports:
Inception report, Interim report and Draft documents. A detailed work plan and preliminary
review of BNBC 1993 and other collected documents are presented in the inception report.
The interim report will contain a complete review of the BNBC 1993, the Building
Construction Act and the existing administrative and institutional arrangement for
enforcement of the Code. The interim report will also provide an outline of the updated
Code, the revised Act and the revised administrative arrangement for enforcing the Code. In

17. 10
the Draft documents the feedbacks from National Workshops, Steering Committee and
Editorial Committees will be incorporated.
2.1.4 REVIEW
The outputs of the present project will be reviewed at five different stages. The initial
outline of the Code, Act and Administrative arrangement presented in the Inception report
will be reviewed by the users of the BNBC 1993 at a day-long National Workshop. The
Editorial Committees will examine the Interim report. Draft of the Code, Act and
Administrative arrangement will first be discussed at a National Workshop and then be
reviewed by the Editorial Committees. Based on the feedbacks from these reviews the final
manuscript will be prepared and approval will be obtained from the Editorial Committees.
2.1.5 FINAL OUTPUT
Finally the Code, the Act and the document for administrative arrangement for enforcing the
Code will be produced in printable format. Electronic copies of these documents will also be
made available in CD. The electronic format of the Code, the Act and the document for the
administrative arrangement for enforcing the Code will be uploaded to a government
website.
2.2 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 ORGANIZATION
A team of 33 Consultants have been deployed for Updating BNBC 1993. The team of
Consultants is headed by the Team Leader who guides and supervises the members for an
efficient and smooth completion of the assignment. He also interacts with the client on
behalf of the team. The Coordinator facilitates interaction among different groups of Experts
and support staff. The entire process is monitored by the Team Leader. The team will
comprise of Experts from the following disciplines:
Architecture
Planning
Fire
Materials
Geotechnical Engineering
Structural Engineering
Construction Practices and Safety
Earthquake Engineering
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walkways

18. 11
Electrical Engineering
Fuel and Gas Supply
Environmental Engineering
Plumbing
Information Technology
Administration
Law and legislation
The team composition and responsibilities of each member are shown in Table 2.1. The
organization chart is shown in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1: Organization Chart
Steering
Committee
HBRI
Director, HBRI
BUET
Department of Civil
Engineering
Team Leader
Experts:
Architects
Planners
Fire Experts
Materials Engineers
Geotechnical Engineers
Structural Engineers
Construction Engineers
Earthquake Engineers
HVAC, Lifts & Escalators and
Moving Walkways Expertt
Electrical Engineers
Fuel and Gas Supply Expert
Environmental Experts
Plumbing Engineers
IT Expert
Administrative Expert
Legal Expert
CoordinatorSupport
Staff

19. Table 2.1: Team Composition and Task Assignments
OFESSIONAL STAFF
Name of Staff Firm/Organisation Area of Expertise Position Assigned Task Assigned
of. Md. Hossain Ali BRTC, BUET Geotechnical/earth
quake engineering
Team Leader Responsibilities for overall technical, adminis
and financial management of the p
coordination of activities of different disc
liaison with client and relevant agencies; act
principal author and editor of the consu
organize and finalize various reports
documents; chief resource person of worksho
Raquib Ahsan BRTC, BUET Structural
engineering
Coordinator Review and revision of general structural
requirements, liaison with client, relevant ag
and team leader
of. Md. Shahidul Ameen BRTC, BUET Architecture Senior Architect 1 Review and redrafting of general b
requirements, control and regulation
of. Zebun Nasrin
med
BRTC, BUET Lighting/Arch. Senior Architect 2 Contribute to general building requirements,
and update of and lighting requirements
h. Ziaul Islam Asia Pacific
University
Architecture Architect Review and redrafting of general b
requirements, control and regulation
of. Rokhsana Hafiz BRTC, BUET Urban and Regional
Planning
Senior Planner Planning aspects of the building.
of. Nizamuddin Ahmed BRTC, BUET Fire/Architecture Senior Fire Expert Contribute to general building requirements,
and revision of the fire protection and ac
requirements
Selim Newaz Bhuiyan --- Fire Fire Specialist Review and revision of the fire pro
requirements
of. Muhammad Zakaria BRTC, BUET Materials/Transport
ation Engineering
Senior Materials
Engineer
Review and updating of provisions relat
building materials
of. Munaz Ahmed Noor BRTC, BUET Materials/Structural
Engineering
Materials Engineer Review and updating of provisions relat
building materials
of. Syed Fakhrul
een
BRTC, BUET Geotechnical
Engineering
Senior Geotech.
Engineer 1
Review and updating of foundation
provisions

20. OFESSIONAL STAFF
Name of Staff Firm/Organisation Area of Expertise Position Assigned Task Assigned
of. Abu Siddique BRTC, BUET Geotechnical
Engineering
Senior
Geotechnical
Engineer 2
Review and updating of foundation
provisions
of. Mohammed Kabirul
am
BRTC, BUET Geotechnical
Engineering
Geohazard
Engineer
Review and update provisions regarding geoh
Md. Shariful Islam BRTC, BUET Geotechnical
Engineering
Geotechnical
Engineer
Review and updating of foundation
provisions
of. A. M. M. Taufiqul
war
BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural
Engineering
Senior Structural
Engineer 1
Review and revision of general structural
requirements, loads, structural design in
materials, detailing
of. Ahsanul Kabir BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural
Engineering
Senior Structural
Engineer 2
Review and revision of general structural
requirements, loads, structural design in
stressed concrete, detailing
of. Khan Mahmud
anat
BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural
Engineering
Senior Structural
Engineer 3
Review and revision of general structural
requirements, loads, structural design in
detailing
Raquib Ahsan BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural
Engineering
Structural Engineer Review and revision of general structural
requirements, loading, structural dyn
detailing, coordination with team leader
A. F. M. Saiful Amin BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural
Engineering
Structural Engineer Review and revision of general structural
requirements, loads, masonry and timber stru
detailing
of. Md. Shafiul Bari BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural
Engineering
Senior Construction
Engineer
Review and updating of construction practi
safety provisions
gr. Sabbir Siddiquee DPM Civil/Structural
Engineering
Construction
Engineer
Review and updating of construction practi
safety provisions
of. Tahmeed M. Al-
ssaini
BRTC, BUET Earthquake/Geotec
hnical Engineering
Senior Earthquake
Engineer
Review and revision of earthquake zoning, lo
design and detailing requirements
of. Tahsin Reza
ssain
BRTC, BUET Civil/Earthquake
Engineering
Earthquake
Engineer
Review and revision of earthquake zoning, lo
design and detailing requirements

21. OFESSIONAL STAFF
Name of Staff Firm/Organisation Area of Expertise Position Assigned Task Assigned
gr. Belal Ahmed --- HVAC, Lifts,
Escalators etc
Senior Mechanical
Engineer
Review and updating of provisions related to
lifts, escalators and mechanical services
protection equipment and arrangements
of. Saiful Islam BRTC, BUET Electrical
Engineering
Senior Electrical
Engineer
Review and updating of electrical installatio
wiring requirements
. Shaikh Anowarul
tah
BRTC, BUET Electrical
Engineering
Electrical Engineer Review and revision of electrical requirements
of. A. K. M. A. Quader BRTC, BUET Fuel and Gas
Supply
Senior Chemical
Engineer
Review and updating of gas supply provisions
of. Farooque Ahmed BRTC, BUET Civil/Environmental
Engineering
Senior Plumbing
Engineer
Review and updating of water supply, draina
sanitation requirements, fire protection, plu
provisions
gr. Azizul Hoque,
Eng.
PWD Civil/Water Supply
Engineering
Plumbing Engineer Review and updating of water supply, draina
sanitation requirements, fire protection, plu
provisions
of. Md. Mujibur Rahman BRTC, BUET Environmental
Engineering
Senior
Environmental
Experts
Review and revision of environmental aspe
code provisions
of. Md. Delwar Hossain BRTC, BUET Environmental
Engineering
Senior
Environmental
Experts
Review and revision of environmental aspe
code provisions
Saiful Alam --- Administrative and
Institutional Expert
Senior
Administrative
Expert
Review of administrative arrangement of b
approval process throughout the c
formulation of an institutional and adminis
arrangement for nationwide enforcement o
provisions
Md. Asaduzzaman Southeast
University
Law and Legislature Senior Legislative
Expert
Review of building construction act, re
regulations, bylaws and practices, identifica
deficiencies and inadequacies of these
preparation of updated draft of the Act
Md. Humayun Kabir BRTC, BUET IT Specialist IT Expert Formulation of index linked search mechani
code soft copy, uploading to specified gove
web site

22. 15
2.2.2 MANAGEMENT
The team of Consultants have been divided into five groups for management of the project.
A Group Leader has been assigned to each group for coordination within the group and for
interaction with the Team Leader. The groups are:
Group 1: Planning, Environment, Administration and Legislation Group
(Acronym: PEAL)
Group Leader: Prof. Md. Mujibur Rahman
Group 2: Architecture
(Acronym: Arch)
Group Leader: Prof. Md. Shahidul Ameen
Group 3: Materials, Structure, Construction and Earthquake Engineering
(Acronym: MSCE)
Group Leader: Prof. A.M.M. Taufiqul Anwar
Group 4: Geotechnical Engineering
(Acronym: Geo)
Group Leader: Prof. Syed Fakhrul Ameen
Group 5: Building Services
(Acronym: BS)
Group Leader: Prof. Md. Hossain Ali
Division of groups and the relevant parts of BNBC1993 assigned to the groups are shown in
Fig. 2.2. Names of the members of each group are provided in the following sections.
PEAL GROUP
Planning Expert :
Prof. Roxana Hafiz
Environmental Experts:
Prof. Md. Mujibur Rahman (Group Leader)
Prof. Md. Delwar Hossain
Administration Expert:
Mr. Saiful Alam
Legislation Expert:
Mr. Md. Asaduzzaman

23. ARCH
MSCE
Par
GROUP
Architectu
Pro
Pro
Arc
E GROUP
Materials E
Pro
Pro
Structure E
Pro
Pro
Pro
Dr.
Dr.
Constructi
Pro
rts of BNBC
Fig.2.2: Di
re Experts:
of. Md. Shah
of. Zebun Na
ch. Ziaul Isla
Experts:
of. Muhamm
of. Munaz Ah
Experts:
of. A. M. M. T
of. Ahsanul K
of. Khan Mah
. Raquib Ahs
. A. F. M. Sai
ion Experts:
of. Md. Shafi
1993
vision of Gr
idul Ameen
asreen Ahme
am
ad Zakaria
hmed Noor
Taufiqul Anw
Kabir
hmud Amana
san
iful Amin
ul Bari
oups of the
(Group Lead
ed
war (Group L
at
Team of Co
der)
Leader)
nsultants
16

24. 17
Engr. Sabbir Siddiquee
Earthquake Engineering Experts:
Prof. Tahmeed M. Al-Hussaini
Prof. Tahsin Reza Hossain
GEO GROUP
Geotechnical Engineering Experts:
Prof. Syed Fakhrul Ameen (Group Leader)
Prof. Abu Siddique
Prof. Mohammed Kabirul Islam
Dr. Md. Shariful Islam
BS GROUP
Fire Design Experts:
Prof. Nizamuddin Ahmed
Mr. Selim Newaj Bhuiyan
Mechanical Engineering / HVAC Expert:
Engr. Belal Ahmed
Electrical Engineering Subgroup:
Prof. Saiful Islam
Dr. Shaikh Anowarul Fattah
Chemical Engineering / Gas Supply Expert:
Prof. A. K. M. A. Quader
Water Supply and Sanitation Engineering Subgroup:
Prof. Farooque Ahmed
Engr. Syed Azizul Hoque, P.Eng.
Group Leader: Team Leader Prof. Md. Hossain Ali
2.3 WORK SCHEDULE
The objectives of the project will be achieved through 16 activities as shown in the Work
Schedule presented in Table 2.2. Table 2.3 shows the project milestones. The activities are
planned focusing the following reporting milestones:
Submission of Inception Report: 7th
February 2010

25. 18
Submission of Interim Report: 7th
May 2010
Submission of Draft Code, Act, Administrative arrangement: 21st
August, 2010
Submission of Final Manuscripts: 15th
November 2010
Uploading of Electronic versions to the Web: 7th
December 2010
2.4 PERSONNEL DEPLOYMENT SCHEDULE
All 33 Consultants of the project has already been formally mobilized at the beginning of
the project. All of them have participated in preparation of the Inception Report. The
Consultants will be deployed on an intermittent and part-time basis. They will provide their
inputs for achieving the milestones mentioned above. Thus they will be deployed
throughout the duration of the project. Depending on the volume of their contributions the
person-months vary. The staffing schedule is shown in Table 2.4.

26. Table 2.2: Work Schedule
ription of
ity
Date15/12/09
15/01/10
15/02/10
15/03/10
15/04/10
15/05/10
15/06/10
15/07/10
15/08/10
15/09/10
15/10/10
tion of codes and
ards from other
ies
w of BNBC'93 and
and standards of
countries
ration and
ssion of Inception
t
ssion with the users
sent Code at
al Workshop
ration of Interim
t outlining the
ed Code
ssion with Editorial
ittees and
tance of Interim
ration of Draft
Act and
istrative
ration of materials
tional Workshop
ntation and
sion on Draft Code
onal Workshop
w of the Drafts by
ctive Editorial
ittees
ation and approval
Drafts
ration of Final
script of Code with
and in printable
val of Final
script
ration of electronic
f the Code
g of the Code
ration of CD and
ding to website

27. Table 2.3: Project Milestones
cription of Activity
Date
15/12/09
15/01/10
15/02/10
15/03/10
15/04/10
15/05/10
15/06/10
15/07/10
15/08/10
15/09/10
15/10/10
estones
tion Report
nal Workshop on Existing Code
m Report outlining the updated
Code, Act and Administrative
gement
nal Workshop on Draft Code
Manuscript of the Code
ading to web

28. Table 2.4: Staffing Schedule
No.
Name of Staff
Staff-month input by month
Total staff-
month input
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. Prof. Md. Hossain Ali 12
2. Dr. Raquib Ahsan 3
3. Prof. Md. Shahidul Ameen 3
4. Prof. Zebun Nasrin Ahmed 3
5. Arch. Ziaul Islam 3
6. Prof. Rokhsana Hafiz 2
7. Prof. Nizamuddin Ahmed 3
8. Mr. Selim Newaz Bhuiyan 3
9. Prof. Muhammad Zakaria 2
10. Prof. Munaz Ahmed Noor 2
11. Prof. Syed Fakhrul Ameen 2
12. Prof. Abu Siddique 2
13. Prof. Mohammed Kabirul Islam 1.5
14. Dr. Md. Shariful Islam 2

29. No.
Name of Staff
Staff-month input by month
Total staff-
month input
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
15. Prof. A. M. M. Taufiqul Anwar 3.5
16. Prof. Ahsanul Kabir 3.5
17. Prof. Khan Mahmud Amanat 3.5
18. Dr. Raquib Ahsan 3
19. Dr. A. F. M. Saiful Amin 3
20. Prof. Md. Shafiul Bari 3
21. Engr. Sabbir Siddiquee 2
22. Prof. Tahmeed M. Al-Hussaini 3
23. Prof. Tahsin Reza Hossain 3
24. Engr. Belal Ahmed 3
25. Prof. Saiful Islam 2
26. Dr. Shaikh Anowarul Fattah 2
27. Prof. A. K. M. A. Quader 1
28. Prof. Farooque Ahmed 1
29. Engr. Azizul Hoque, P.Eng. 1

30. No.
Name of Staff
Staff-month input by month
Total staff-
month input
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
30. Prof. Md. Mujibur Rahman 1
31. Prof. Md. Delwar Hossain 1
32. Mr. Saiful Alam 3
33. Mr. Md. Asaduzzaman 3
34. Dr. Md. Humayun Kabir 2

31. 24
PLANNING, ENVIRONMENT, ADMINISTRATION
AND LEGISLATION
3.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE GROUP
a. Review of relevant codes and other related documents.
b. Review of the existing codes/acts/bylaws and proposal for
modifications/corrections/changes required.
c. Devise ways and means to ensure application of the updated BNBC in all kinds of
building construction both under the public and private sector domain and individual
level.
d. Suggestions for making the lawful and responsible agencies to be really active to
apply updated code at all levels of building construction from central to the village
level.
e. Suggestions for making the lawful and responsible agencies for execution of the
code at different levels.
f. Collection and review of various codes related to environmental influencing factors.
g. Identification of environmental factors relevant to Bangladesh.
h. Identification and Incorporation Environmental Planning in the process of
presentation of Waste disposal, presentation of Heritage Sites and Monuments,
Transportation System and Land use Planning, Infrastructure, Utility, Water Supply,
Sub-Station, Residential, Commercial and Industrial Development etc.
i. Preliminary analysis of environmental factors and incorporation at appropriate
sections of the updated code.
j. Recommendations for proper enforcement of the codes/acts/bylaws/rules and
regulations.
3.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS
Planning Expert- Prof. Roxana Hafiz
a. Review of relevant codes and other related documents.
b. To highlight those areas or factors which need to be taken into account when
planning and developing an area e.g. Residential, Commercial and Industrial
Development; Transportation System and land use Planning; Infrastructure and
Utility; Water Supply; Sub-Station; Waste disposal; Heritage Sites and Monuments,
etc.
c. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.

32. 25
Environmental expert- Prof. Md. Mujibur Rahman
a. Act as Group Leader and maintain liaison with the Team Leader/Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the group.
c. Identification of environmental factors relevant to Bangladesh.
d. Interaction with other subgroups regarding analysis and incorporation of
environmental influence in planning, design, construction of buildings.
e. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of all reports.
f. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the materials for the workshop.
g. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the draft Code.
Environmental expert-Prof. Md. Delwar Hossain
a. Review all relevant items of BNBC, other codes and related documents.
b. Collection and review of various codes for related environmental influencing factors.
c. Identification of environmental factors relevant to Bangladesh.
d. Interaction with other subgroups regarding analysis and incorporation of
environmental influence in planning, design, construction of buildings.
e. Assist the Group Leader.
Administration Expert- Mr. Saiful Alam
a. Gather both primary and secondary data/information to make such provisions under
the updated code so that it really works as a guideline for building construction for
all and the document is used as a National Document.
b. Draw feedback and opinion from central to the grass root level to make the code
functional.
c. Collect relevant papers and documents for review.
d. Make field visits on randomly selected territorial coverage.
e. Review the latest updated code and find out the weakness and incorporate strong
issues under the new one.
f. Incorporate own observation, experiences and realistic views to make a really
effective and functional document to administer and enforcement of building code.
g. Provide input in the group for overall final report preparation.
h. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
Legislation Expert- Mr. Md. Asaduzzaman
a. Review the enforcement mechanism of the present Bangladesh National Building
Code along with the Building Construction Act, 1952.
b. Compare the enforcement mechanism of the present Code with the Codes of other
countries.

33. 26
c. Recommend effective enforcement mechanism.
d. Assist the Group Leader and Team Leader.
3.3 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS/INFORMATION
i. The Building Construction Act, 1952
ii. The Bangladesh Labour Act, 2006
iii. The Pakistan Engineering Council Act, 1976
iv. The National Building Code of India, 2005 (Relevant Part)
v. The Bangladesh National Building Code (Relevant Part)
vi. The Bangladesh Code, Volume-XI containing the Building Construction Act, 1952.
vii. The National Building Code of India, 2005 (Relevant part)
viii. The Pakistan Engineering Council Act, 1976
3.4 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
i. Engineering Council Acts along with relevant Rules of India, and the UK.
ii. Leading decisions of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh relating to Building
Construction Act and BNBC published in Law Journals like Dhaka Law Reports (DLR)
including:
• 42 DLR, Page 462
• 43 DLR, Page 187
• 44 DLR, Page 515
• 48 DLR(AD), Page 180
• 52 DLR, Page 461
• 52 DLR, Page 488
• 53 DLR, Page 35
• 56 DLR(AD), 16
iii. Articles of research journals, conference and seminar papers, newspapers reports
from home and abroad
iv. Relevant parts of Building Codes of some other counties.
v. Website will be consulted to access to the data and information of other countries
and their success experiences concerning admin and enforcement of building code.
3.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
3.5.1 PLANNING
The preliminary requirement for any kind of activities and development, which brings out
significant changes to land. Unplanned urbanization and urban development lead to

34. 27
wastage of land and other resources and consequently leading to problems like sprawl,
pollution, congestion, threats, etc. which creates condition adverse to good and safe living.
The Building Construction Rule thus requires that land and other resources be judiciously
used to produce safe, sustainable and livable environment.
To regulate development activities each country had to promulgate, formulate and
implement laws in the form of Town and Country Planning Act addressing the issues of
Town and country planning Act and similar documents collected for updating BNBC 1993
has been reviewed(but not limited to) –
a) Urbanization and Urban Development,
b) Integration of Urban Development with Regional Development,
c) Housing, Industry, Commerce, Recreation and Leisure, etc.
d) Building Construction Rules,
e) Creation of Different kinds of Facilities, Utilities and Amenities,
f) Protection from and control of different kinds of Pollution,
g) Protection from and control of different kinds of Hazards,
h) Resources Management,
i) Heritages and Conservation,
j) Agricultural Resource Management,
k) Disaster Management,
l) Tourism, Environment and Culture, etc.
3.5.2 ENVIRONMENT
i. Indian Building Code (Part 10 & General Sections) provides some considerations on
environmental factors and influences that will be further reviewed for possible
consideration in the process of updating BNBC 2010.
ii. Preliminary review of EuroCode, ENV. 1991-1: 1994, ENV. 1991-2: 1995, EuroCode-
2 related documents- DD ENV 1992-1-1: 1992, EN 1992-1-1: 2004 (E) considers
various environmental influences and factors related to safety, durability of building
materials and building construction that will be further reviewed for possible
consideration in the process of updating BNBC 2010.
3.5.3 ADMINISTRATION AND LEGISLATION
i. Part 2 of the National Building Code of India deals with the provisions regarding
administration and enforcement. Section 1 of the Part begins with General provisions
including scope, terminology, applicability of the Code and interpretation. Section 2
deals with organization and enforcement and section 3 deals with permit and
inspecting. The Part is ended with some relevant Forms as annexes.

35. 28
ii. The Pakistan Engineering Council is a statutory body, constituted under the Pakistan
Engineering Council Act, 1976 to regulate the engineering profession in the country.
Its main statutory functions include registration of engineers, consulting engineers,
constructors/operators and accreditation of engineering programmes run by
universities/institutions, ensuring and managing of continuing professional
development, assisting the Federal Government as think tank, establishing standards
for engineering products and services besides safeguarding the interest of its
members.
In exercise of the power conferred by section 25 of the Pakistan Engineering Council
Act. 1975, the Pakistan Engineering Council made by-law providing the provisions to
the effect that construction of buildings in violation of the Building Code shall be
considered as violation of professional engineering work as specified under clause
(XXV) of section 2 of the Act.
iii. The Building Construction Act, 1952 is an Act to provide for the prevention of
haphazard construction of buildings and excavation of tanks which are likely to
interfere with the planning of certain areas in Bangladesh.
In view of section 3 of the Act no person shall, without the previous sanction of an
Authorized Officer, construct or re-construct or make addition or alteration to any
building, or excavate or re-excavate any tank within, the area to which this Act
applies; and such sanction shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the
Authorized Officer may think fit to impose. Such sanction shall remain valid for three
years from the date of sanction and on the expiry of the period, the applicant shall
have to apply for and obtain a fresh sanction.
Section 12 of the Building Construction Act, 1952 provides punishment of
imprisonment upto 7 years or fine not less than Tk. 50,000/= or both for
constructing a building in contravention to any provision of the Bangladesh National
Building Code. However, the offence is not treated as cognizable and non-bailable
and no court is empowered to take cognizance of an offence except upon a
complaint by the Authorized Officer in view of section 13 of the Building
Construction Act, 1952. It is to be noted here that section 5 of the Act provides for
compensation not exceeding the sum of two hundred and fifty rupees in case
removal of building under construction!
iv. The Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006 have provisions relating to social compliance. The
law deals with the issues relating to employment of workers, relationship between
workers and employers, compensation for injuries arising in the course of
employment, health, safety, welfare and environment of working conditions, etc. It is
the base line for minimum compliance and must be followed by all employers hiring
labour’s for construction.

36. 29
3.6 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) of 1993 came into effect with a gazette
notification issued on November 15, 2006. It has been made mandatory to comply with in
any building construction under the Building Construction Act of 1952 to ensure
accountability in the management of overall building construction and safety of the
buildings.
As per section 2.1 of chapter 2 of part 1 of the BNBC 1993 the Government is under
obligation to establish a new or designate an existing agency responsible for the
enforcement of this Code with a given area of jurisdiction. However, the Government is yet
to set up any Code Enforcement Authority. Thus, absence of regulatory authority to care for
all safety aspects of building as per BNBC is a major concern.
The BNBC 1993 has dealt only with construction, structure, material, geo-technical, seismic
aspects, etc. of development. The BNBC has left out the planning aspects of development as
is evident from section (f). All these planning and development factors need to be
incorporated in the BNBC, if it is to produce a safe and livable environment at all.
Apparently existing BNBC, 1993 provides insignificant consideration on environmental
influences on planning, design, construction and selection of construction material for
buildings.
In exercise of power under Section 18A of the Building Construction Act, 1952, the
Government of Bangladesh made the Bangladesh National Building Code in 1993, which
came into effect with a gazette notification issued on November 15, 2006.
Section 2.6 of Part 2 of the BNBC only provides that violation of the Code will be an offence
and the authority shall take legal action. However, it prescribes no procedure for institution
of legal proceedings, which need to be addressed.
In view of the above, the provisions of the Building Construction Act, 1952 along with the
Code need to be updated considering the present socio-economic situation of the country.
3.7 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE UPDATED CODE
Part 2 of the BNBC 1993, titled ‘Administration and Enforcement,’ covers the administrative
and legal issues. Planning and Environmental issues are absent in the BNBC 1993. In the
updated Code, Planning and Environmental issues will be included as separate chapters in
Part 2. Thus Part 2 will be titled as ‘Planning, Environment, Administration and Legislation.’

37. 30
The chapter on Planning will focus on those areas or factors which need to be taken into
account when planning and developing an area. The main objective is translated into more
specific objectives as follows-
i. Choosing appropriate sites for development, e.g. residential, commercial, industrial,
recreation, etc.
ii. Providing and preserving open spaces for recreation as well as for use as evacuation
sites during emergencies, such as, fire, earthquake, etc.
iii. Preserving sites that are ecologically sensitive and scenic or both.
The BNBC needs to include the following features in the updated code, which are -
a. Housing, Industry, Commerce, Recreation and Leisure, etc.
b. Building Construction Rules,
c. Provision of Different kinds of Facilities, Utilities and Amenities,
d. Protection from and control of different kinds of Pollution,
e. Protection from and control of different kinds of Hazards,
f. Resources Management,
g. Heritages and Conservation
A separate chapter will deal with general considerations regarding water supply, sub-
station, waste-disposal and environmental planning issues.
Chapters regarding administration and legal issues will be recast with new titles:
‘Administration, Permit and Inspection’ and ‘Legal Proceedings’ to demarcate the
administrative and legal issues more clearly.

38. 31
ARCHITECTURE
4.1 GENERAL
The basis for the building-code development is to safeguard the health, safety and welfare
of the public. The first and foremost goal of the building code is the protection of human
life from the failure of life safety provisions in a building, or from structural collapse. There
is also a strong component of property protection contained in code requirements. In
accordance with that, the basic objective of the code remains same as stated in BNBC 1993.
An additional aim in this revision will be to ensure sustainable development in all building
and construction activity with a strong component towards the protection of energy reserves
and environment.
4.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE GROUP
a. Review of relevant codes and other related documents.
b. Preparation of a list of terms, definitions, diagrams, abbreviations and acronyms in
all parts of the proposed Code in alphabetical order.
c. Classification of buildings based on occupancy and types of construction. Occupancy
classification will include but not be limited to:
• Residential (R1)
• Housing (R2)
• Educational (E)
• Institutional (I)
• Healthcare facilities (H)
• Assembly (A)
• Business (B)
• Industrial/Factory (F)
• Storage (S)
• Hazardous (HZ)
• Transportation (T)
• Heritage Conservation (C) etc.
d. Review of the existing codes/acts/bylaws and proposal for modifications/
corrections/changes required.
e. Recommendation for incorporation of new categories (where and as necessary)
f. Recommendations for proper enforcement of the codes/acts/bylaws/ rules and
regulations.
g. Review of provisions for signs and outdoor displays in other relevant codes.

39. 32
h. Recommendations for requirements of graphic signs and outdoor displays with
regard to public, structural and other safety.
4.3 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS
Group Leader- Prof. Md. Shahidul Ameen
a. Act as Group Leader and maintain liaison with the Team Leader/ Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the group.
c. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of all reports.
d. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of materials for the workshop.
e. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the draft Code.
Group Member- Prof. Zebun Nasreen Ahmed
a. Review all relevant items of BNBC 1993 and other codes and related
documents and prepare a list of terms, definitions, abbreviations and
acronyms.
b. Classification and re-organization of existing Code to enhance co-relation and
reduce scattering of information as per guideline of the TOR.
c. Identification and eradication of contradiction of BNBC with other existing
Building Rules or Acts
d. Incorporation of new chapters (Housing, Conservation, Energy-efficiency,
Accessibility etc.) in the proposed Code
e. Assist the Group in all related matters.
Group Member- Architect Ziaul Islam
a. Review all relevant items of BNBC 1993 and other codes and related
documents and prepare a list of terms, definitions, abbreviations and
acronyms.
b. Classification and re-organization of existing Code to enhance co-relation and
reduce scattering of information as per guideline of the TOR.
c. Identification and eradication of contradiction of BNBC with other existing
Building Rules or Acts
d. Incorporation of new categories (Housing, Conservation, Energy-efficiency,
Accessibility etc.) in the proposed Code
e. Assist the Group in all related matters.

40. 33
4.3 COLLECTION OF RELEVANT DOCUMENTS
4.3.1 INTRODUCTION
An important step in the methodology for up gradation of the Code is the review of various
codes, specifications, laws, acts, books, journals and other relevant published literature of
Bangladesh and other countries. A large number of these documents have already been
collected and are being reviewed. During the preliminary review, the Consultants felt the
necessity of collecting and reviewing some more documents on related topics. The next two
sections list the documents that have already been collected and those planned to be
collected.
4.3.2 DOCUMENTS ALREADY COLLECTED
CODES
i. Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 1993)
ii. International Building Code (IBC_2009)
iii. National Building Code of India (NBCI_2005)
iv. Building Code of China
BUILDING/ LANDUSE LAWS/ BIDHIMALA/ ACTS
i. Imarat Nirman Bidhimala, 1996
ii. Dhaka Mohanogor Imarat Nirman Bidhimala, 2008
iii. Chottogram Mohanogor Imarat (Nirman, Unnyon, Shongrokkhon o Oposharon)
Bidhimala, 2008
iv. Beshorkari Abashik Bhumi Unnyon Nitimala, 2004
v. Dhaka Town Improvement (TI) Act
vi. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995
BOOKS/ JOURNALS/ ARTICLES
i. Correa (C.), The New Landscape- Urbanization in the Third World, MIMAR
Book, Concept Media Ltd. (1989)
ii. Bay (J.H.) and Ong (B.L.), Tropical Sustainable Architecture- Social and
Environmental Dimensions, Architectural Press, London, USA (2006)
iii. Thomson (C.W.) and Travlou (P.), Open Space People Space, Taylor & Francis
Inc., USA (2007)
iv. Jenks (M.) and Dempsey (N.), Future Forms and Design for Sustainable Cities,
Architectural Press, London, USA (2007)
v. RIBA, RIBA Book of British Housing, Architectural Press, London (2008)

41. 34
vi. Jenks (M.), Burton (E.) and Williams (K.), The Compact City- A sustainable
Urban Form?, Taylor & Francis Inc., USA (2005)
vii. Crosbie (M.J.), Multi-Family Housing- The Art of Sharing, Images Publishing,
Australia (2003)
viii. Towers (G.), At Home in the City, Architectural Press, London (2005)
ix. Moughtin (C.) and Shirley (P.), Urban Design: Green Dimensions, Architectural
Press, London (2005)
x. Pfeifer (G.) and Brauneck (P.), Row Houses- A prospective Housing Typology,
Birkhauser, Germany (2008)
xi. Kobir (I.), Land Laws in East Pakistan Vol III, A Law House Publication (1969)
4.3.3 DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
i. Building Code of Sri Lanka
ii. Building Code of Malaysia
iii. Building Code of Singapore
iv. International Energy Conservation Code – most recent edition
4.4 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
4.4.1 INTRODUCTION
The Architectural sub-group has identified Part 3 and Part 10 as the major focus area
for this group along with minor correction to the rest of the parts of BNBC 1993.
4.4.2 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
(IBC_2009)
The International building code 2009 is a model code of building regulations that safeguard
the public health and safety in all communities, large and small. It is a modern, up-to-date
set of regulations addressing the design and installation of building systems through
requirements emphasizing performance. It is not the Code adopted by any particular
country but, it offers an international forum for building professionals to discuss
performance and prescriptive code requirements. This forum provides an excellent arena to
debate proposed revisions. It was therefore considered important to review this code in the
process of revision of the Bangladesh National Building Code.
Below is a preliminary review of the IBC 2009, which is still ongoing, regarding issues that
relate to the Section that is within the domain of the Architecture sub-team of the BNBC
Review Team – namely those issues which have been covered under the General
Requirements section of the existing BNBC.

42. 35
Building occupancy classification is according to first letter – F for factories, R for
residential, etc. with usually smaller numbers indicating higher hazards F1, F2, etc
CHAPTERS 4 TO 10
Most of the regulations given between Chapters 4 to 10 seem to be related to safety of
occupants from hazards, particularly fire. Chapter 4 contains the requirements for
protecting special uses and occupancies. However, the general requirements of the code still
apply unless modified within the chapter. For example, the height and area limitations
established in Chapter 5 (which deals with general height and area limitations with special
reference to fire provisions) apply to all special occupancies unless Chapter 4 contains
height and area limitations. In this case, the limitations in Chapter 4 supersede those in
other sections.
Chapter 6 is about types of construction and their interdependence on fire safety
considerations which are determined through Tables showing the fire-resistance ratings of
the principal structural elements. Chapter 7 is about fire and smoke protection features.
Chapter 8 contains the performance requirements of interior finishes for controlling fire
growth within buildings by restricting interior finish and decorative materials. Chapter 9
prescribes the minimum requirements for active systems of fire protection equipment. The
requirements are based on the occupancy, and the height and the area of the building,
because these are the factors that most affect fire-fighting capabilities and the relative
hazard of a specific building or its portion. Chapter 10, Means of Egress, sets forth the
general criteria for regulating the design of the means of egress, as the primary method for
protection of people in buildings.
Chapters 16 to 30, deal with structural design and related issues, and are outside the scope
of the Architecture Group.
CHAPTERS RELEVANT FOR THE ARCHITECTURE GROUP
It is only in Chapter 11 that the issue of accessibility is addressed relating it to other issues
than fire – for the physically challenged, etc – where it is stated that everything is required to
be accessible.
Chapter 12 deals with the Interior environment – stipulating minimum standards for the
interior environment of a building – information regarding sizes and environmental
variables. Specifications are given about spaces as well as the fabric.
Chapter 13 is dedicated to energy efficiency – specifying minimum design requirements for
energy efficiency. Architectural and constructional details about the design of building
envelopes are referred to the IECC. The requirements here are not mentioned separately and
need to be compliant with the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). Such a chapter

43. 36
is not included in the present BNBC code, but with new emphasis on climate change and
realization of the impacts of buildings on energy depletion, this is vital for sustainability.
Chapter 14 deals with the composition of Exterior Walls for weather and fire protection and
also includes balconies, eaves, decks and architectural trim, i.e. extensions from the
superstructure. Chapter 15 codifies roof assemblies and rooftop structures, mainly dealing
with weather-proofing, etc.
Chapters 16 to 30, dealing with structural design and related issues, as mentioned above,
are outside the scope of the Architecture Group and are therefore not discussed here.
Chapter 31 contains a collection of regulations for a variety of unique structures and
architectural features, eg pedestrian walkways and tunnels connecting two buildings,
swimming pools and temporary structures, etc.
Once again in Chapter 32, Encroachments into the Public Right-of-way – some structural –
but some architectural decision making is addressed. Chapter 33 provides safety
requirements during construction and demolition of buildings and structures.
Chapter 34 Existing Structures – registered historic buildings. The chapter suggests
alternative methods or reduced compliance requirements when dealing with existing
building constraints, without compromising the minimum standards for fire prevention and
life safety features.
Chapter 35 on Referenced standards is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate
specific standards for the various issues in the code.
There are A – K, on various issues, out of which Appendix E are on the Supplemental
Accessibility Requirements that are not otherwise mentioned or mainstreamed throughout
the code or in Chapter 11.
SECTIONS RELEVANT TO THE ARCHITECTURE GROUP
Though the sections related to fire escapes and planning of egress are related to
Architectural planning and decisions, this section is being treated independently by a
separate group and will not be included in this discussion.
From the review of the IBC certain points that relate to the BNBC emerge and need to be
included in its revision. These are:
a. An independent chapter on energy efficiency which will specify passive architectural
features that form minimum standards for buildings in different regions of
Bangladesh. If possible carbon emissions can be related to the construction. This can

44. 37
include codes for inclusion of renewables within the framework of the energy
consumption of the building.
b. A chapter on modifications, extensions to existing buildings and their standards
c. A chapter on conservation of heritage structures giving minimum codes in order to
preserve the historic character of sites and the building structure.
d. A chapter on landscaping, using and developing sites for safety and sustainability.
4.4.3 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA
(2005)
A basic difference lies between BNBC 1993 and NBC of India 2005 in its
organizational approach. The NBCI has taken the land-use plan as its basis for
classification whereas in BNBC the basis is occupancy based building classification.
The advantage of the NBCI is evident whenever settlement planning or housing or
open space based developments are referred- community facilities, cultural facilities,
sports and public open spaces are direct outcome of such provision in the Code,
whereas no such provision lies within the BNBC.
Approaching from the land-use plan the Indian code encompasses even construction
in rural areas as well as preservation of natural resources as wetland, agricultural
land etc. This approach seems highly relevant in a country like ours where land
resource in comparison to population density is limited and the code apart from
providing guidelines for building/ development should also focus on conservation of
natural resources.
The other advantage of the Indian Code is its recognition for old city built forms and
further provision for its inclusion within the building code. Thus different typologies
e.g. core type, row type, semi-detached type etc. gets validity and creates variety
within the city fabric.
Provisions for Heritage conservation is also highlighted in the Indian code. This may
be helpful for formulation of guidelines for conservation in the Proposed Code.
4.4.4 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BUILDING CODE OF CHINA
The Chinese Code focuses on making households suitable, safe and economical. It
categorizes residential buildings into four distinct categories- low-rise, multi-rise,
middle-high-rise and high-rise, which may be considered here as well. However the
guidelines leads to some basic models that is very specific about minimum space
standards especially for housings. There are strict codes for natural lighting
provisions for each household. The specificity of the code is sometimes very

45. 38
meaningful as it is in the case of minimum kitchen size- the minimum size of a
kitchen varies according to the type of fuel in use. (pipe gas or liquefied petroleum gas –
3.5m2, improved coal –m 4m2, raw coal – 4.5 m2, fire wood – 5m2)
The Code may be helpful in certain areas e.g. provisions for sun light, building height
classification, minimum space guidelines etc.
4.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC-1993
The initial review of the existing building code reveals that a line by line scrutiny is
required as some of the existing clauses need clarification, many clauses contradict
with other existing building rules and the existing code is inadequate for certain
relevant fields (e.g. housing, energy-efficiency, conservation, accessibility etc.).
During this review there will be revisions, deletions and additions. The scope of work
has therefore been marked as following:
• Eradication of contradictions with other construction rules/acts (e.g. Dhaka
Mohanogor Imarat Nirman Bidhimala 2008, Beshorkari Abashik Bhumi Unnoyon
Nitinala 2004 etc.)
• Classification and re-organization of the existing Code to enhance co-relation
and to reduce scattering of information
• Review of gap between objectives and practices of the Code
• Incorporation of new Codes (e.g. Housing and settlement, Sustainability and
Energy efficiency, Universal Accessibility etc.)
The following observations have been made on different sections of Part 3 of the
BNBC 1993:
Section 1.2: TERMINLOGY
• New terminologies need to be included, more graphical references need to be used
Section 1.3: OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
• Should be part of land-use classification instead of being a separate classification
• First Letter of occupancy may be assigned for referring to classification, e.g.
Residential – R, Hospitals – H, Factories – F, Educational – E, etc.
• New occupancy type for Public Open Space (park, garden etc.) and restricted open
space (special recreational zones) need to be included
• New occupancy type for communication (tv stations, mobile transmissions etc.) and
transportation (rail station, airport, bus depot, truck terminal, container terminal, sea
port, dockyards etc.) needs to be incorporated

46. 39
• New occupancy type for socio-cultural facilities (e.g. community hall, library,
recreational club, music/dance/drama centre, religious/spiritual centre etc) should
be incorporated
• New sub-divisions for current occupancy types A to F needed using semi-detached,
court-type and row type variations.
e.g.
Occupancy type Sub-division Nature of use or occupancy Building type
Section 1.4: LAND-USE CLASSIFICATION AND PERMITTED USES
• New categories to be included: TRANSPORTATION, HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION
SITES, HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT PLANNING, CONSERVATION OF WETLAND ETC.
• Safeguard against conversion of agricultural land (green fields) to non-agricultural
use (brown fields)
Section 1.7: OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
• Needs open space guidelines for other typologies: semi-detached, courtyard,
clustered, row house etc.
• Height- open space proportions should be re-evaluated for different typologies.
Section 1.8: GENERAL HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATION
• Needs elaboration on what basis should it be done
• An appendix should be added on air-funnel of runways for Civil Aviation restriction
on buildings near aerodromes
Section 1.11: COMMUNITY OPEN SPACE AND AMENITIES
• Needs to be upgraded and in harmony with other existing rules and codes.
Following new sections may be introduced:
a. EXISTING BUILDINGS
b. CONSERVATION OF GREENBELTS AND IMPORTANT WATERBODIES
• New rules should be added for preservation of WETLAND, CANALS,
RIVERFRONT, NATURAL FORESTS AND GREENBELTS, COASTAL FORESTATION
etc.
c. BUILDINGS AND PLACES OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL VALUE
Section 2.1: OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

47. 40
• More occupancy types need to be included
Section 2.5: REQUIREMENTS OF OCCUPANCY R: RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
• Typologies other than detached form e.g. semi-detached, cluster, courtyard, row
type must be included and sufficiently elaborated
Section 2.10: REQUIREMENTS OF OCCUPANCY B: BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE BUILDINGS
• For some typologies of this category (F1, F2, F3) ground level promenades
(covered walkway) on road front can be devised with incentive on FAR
Section 2.11: REQUIREMENTS OF OCCUPANCY F: INDUSTRIAL/FACTORY BUILDINGS
• Specific and separate rules are needed for two separate categories: low hazard
industries and moderate hazard industries
Guidelines for new typologies e.g. multistoried car park, transportation hubs, bus
stoppages, rooftop towers for mobile network etc. are needed
4.6 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE UPDATED CODE
The proposed Table of Content (TOC) is a tentative one. BNBC 1993 forms the basis
for it. Architectural issues are mostly mentioned in Parts 3, 9 and 10 of the BNBC
1993. However inclusion of new chapters and re-classification will need furthermore
revision of this TOC. A new chapter on Energy Efficiency and Passive Energy Design Features
has been proposed in Part 3. This chapter will give certain minimum codes for
achieving energy efficiency using renewable energy with the view of incorporating
solar energy use in buildings of 10% to 20% by 2020. Also rainwater harvesting
features may be made mandatory. The code can allow concessions to maximum
building area when these features are fulfilled. For the time being, most other
proposed inclusions are placed as appendices at the end of the TOC.

48. 41
MATERIALS, STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND
SEISMIC PROVISIONS
5.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE SUBGROUPS
5.1.1 SUBGROUP: MATERIALS
a. Review of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 1993, in general.
b. Review of Part 5: Building Materials of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC)
1993, in particular.
c. Review of the minimum requirements for building materials as stated in other
relevant internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Preparation of a list and collection of all BSTI and other Bangladesh standards related
to building materials and review of those.
e. Collection of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else both from within the country and outside and evaluation
of those for adoption in the updated code.
f. Identification of all building materials in use now in Bangladesh or going to be used
in the future taking in to consideration the development of new building materials
worldwide.
g. Identification of indigenous building materials which are in use in Bangladesh and
incorporation of minimum requirements in the revised Code for such materials, if felt
necessary.
h. Identification of deficiencies of Part 5: Building Materials of Bangladesh National
Building Code (BNBC) 1993 in the light of above reviews and study.
i. Suggestion for necessary changes in order to eliminate the already identified
deficiencies for existing materials as well as to incorporate the minimum
requirements for new building materials which may come up in the light of review of
national and international standards and codes.
j. Analysis of the impediments in the implementation of current Building Code and
make recommendations.
k. Review and analysis of current provisions for materials affecting the building
industry and recommend appropriate amendments to the building materials code

49. 42
and to formulate a revised Building Materials Code for use in regulating building and
construction activities in both urban and rural areas.
l. Develop a work plan for the revised Building Materials Code and consider and
evaluate the principle of material prescription.
5.1.2 SUBGROUP: STRUCTURE
a. Review of present version of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 1993, in
general.
b. Review of Part 6: Structural Design of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC)
1993, in particular.
c. Review of the present approaches for evaluation of loads and review of adopted
methods of structural design in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Collection of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of those
for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
f. Conducting a detailed review of different aspects of structural design as stipulated in
BNBC, 1993 and updating necessary parts. The aspects of structural design which
will be updated are: Estimation of Different Types of Loads, Working Stress Design
and Ultimate Strength Design Methods for Reinforced Concrete, Design for Masonry
Structures, Prestressed Concrete Structures, Steel Structures, Timber Structures,
Ferrocement Structures etc.
g. Introduction of design approaches for indigenous bamboo structures.
h. Introduction of design approaches for steel-concrete composite structures.
i. Introduction of repair and retrofitting aspects of building structures.
5.1.3 SUBGROUP: CONSTRUCTION
a. Review of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 1993, in general.
b. Review of Part 7: Construction Practices and Safety of the Bangladesh National
Building Code (BNBC) 1993, in particular.
c. Study of the present approaches in Construction Practices and Safety in
internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Study of all relevant codes on construction practices in buildings and safety aspects of
personnel and property during construction and demolition operations.
e. Identification of areas and fields in Construction Practices and Safety in BNBC, 1993,
which require revision and updating.

50. 43
f. Study of the development of Construction Industry and the Safety Practices both
home and abroad.
g. Review and upgradation of the Construction Practices and Safety part of the existing
BNBC 1993 and preparation of recommendations for safe practices on the basis of
the above review and in the light of current practice and future trend in the
construction industry.
h. Revision of the provisions in the BNBC 1993 for construction and safety in a manner
to be both applied and at the same time applicable to the industry.
i. Removal of extra and inapplicable provisions from the code and making the code
provisions simple and easily applicable.
j. Exploring for the introduction of Maintenance Management of buildings.
5.1.4 SUBGROUP: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
a. Review of the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 1993, in general.
b. Review of Part 6: Structural Design, Chapter 2: Loads, Section 2.5 Earthquake Loads
& Chapter 8: Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Section 8.3 Special
Provision for Seismic Design and also other relevant articles of the Bangladesh
National Building Code (BNBC) 1993, in particular.
c. Review of the present methods in evaluation of earthquake loads as well as of
detailing procedures for reinforced concrete and other structures in internationally
reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Collection of research findings on seismic design and detailing available in the form
of research papers, dissertations and reports published by different national and
international publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within the country
and outside and evaluation of those for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in earthquake load estimation, detailing of
Reinforced Concrete Structures and special provisions for seismic design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
f. Conducting a detailed review of different aspects of earthquake load estimation,
detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures and special provisions for seismic design
as stipulated in BNBC, 1993 and updating necessary parts.
g. Review and analyze current BNBC provisions affecting the building industry and
recommend appropriate amendments. Provide recommendations for soft story effect
in buildings.
h. Revision of seismic design and detailing approaches for brick masonry structures.
i. Exploring for the necessity of revising the earthquake zoning map of BNBC, 1993.
j. Exploring for the introduction of retrofitting aspects of existing brick masonry
building structures to be earthquake resistant.

51. 44
k. Exploring for the introduction of retrofitting aspects of existing reinforced concrete
structures to be earthquake resistant.
l. Exploring for the introduction of repair techniques for reinforced concrete and
masonry building structures subjected to earthquake damage.
5.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS
5.2.1 SUBGROUP: MATERIALS
SENIOR MATERIALS ENGINEER – PROF. MUHAMMAD ZAKARIA
a. Act as Subgroup Leader and maintain liaison with the Team & Group Leader/
Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the subgroup.
c. Review of the minimum requirements of building materials as stated in
internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Review of research findings for building materials available in the form of research
papers, dissertations and reports published by different national and international
publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within the country and outside
and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in building materials in BNBC, 1993, which require
revision and updating.
f. Recommend minimum requirements of different building materials for the revised
code.
g. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
MATERIALS ENGINEER – PROF. MUNAZ AHMED NOOR
a. Assist the Subgroup Leader in all related matters.
b. Preparation of a list of all BSTI or other Bangladesh standards related to building
materials and collection & review of those.
c. Review of the minimum requirements of building materials as stated in
internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Review of research findings for building materials available in the form of research
papers, dissertations and reports published by different national and international
publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within the country and outside
and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in building materials in BNBC, 1993, which require
revision and updating.
f. Recommend minimum requirements of different building materials for the revised
code.

52. 45
5.2.2 SUBGROUP: STRUCTURE
SENIOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEER 1 – PROF. A.M.M. TAUFIQUL ANWAR
a. Act as Group Leader and maintain liaison with the Team Leader/ Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the group.
c. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of all reports, materials for the workshop and
preparation of the revised draft code.
d. Review of the present approaches in evaluation of loads and review of methods of
structural design adopted in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
e. Review of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
f. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
g. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Steel, Steel-Concrete Composite, Aluminum and Reinforced Concrete
Structures.
SENIOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEER 2 – PROF. AHSANUL KABIR
a. Review of the present approaches in evaluation of loads and review of methods of
structural design adopted in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
b. Review of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
c. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
d. Review and revision of provisions for general structural design requirements, loads,
structural design for Masonry, Ferrocement and Prestressed Concrete and their
detailing.
e. Review, revision and inclusion of provisions for repair, alteration and retrofitting of
structures.
f. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
SENIOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEER 3 – PROF. KHAN MAHMUD AMANAT
a. Review of the present approaches in evaluation of loads and review of adopted
methods of structural design in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
b. Review of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,

53. 46
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
c. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
d. Review and revision of provisions for all types of loads in BNBC and addition of new
loads. Recommend modifications for wind loads, particularly modifications necessary
for wind speed map & else.
e. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Steel, Steel-Concrete Composite, Aluminum and Reinforced Concrete
Structures and detailing.
f. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER – DR. RAQUIB AHSAN
a. Review of the present approaches in evaluation of loads and review of adopted
methods of structural design in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
b. Review of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
c. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
d. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Timber, Ferrocement, Prestressed Concrete and Bamboo and detailing.
e. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
f. Act as coordinator to Team Leader and assist the Team Leader in preparation of all
reports, materials for the workshop and preparation of the revised draft code.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER – DR. A. F. M. SAIFUL AMIN
a. Review of the present approaches in evaluation of loads and review of adopted
methods of structural design in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
b. Review of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
c. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
d. Review and revision of all types of loads in BNBC and addition of new loads.
Recommend modifications for wind loads, particularly modifications necessary for
wind speed map & else.

54. 47
e. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Timber, Bamboo, Masonry and Reinforced Concrete and detailing.
f. Review, revision and inclusion of repair, alteration and retrofitting of structures.
g. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
5.2.3 SUBGROUP: CONSTRUCTION
SENIOR CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER – PROF. MD. SHAFIUL BARI
a. Act as Subgroup Leader and maintain liaison with the Team & Group Leader/
Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the subgroup.
c. Review of all relevant international codes and standards on construction practices in
buildings, and safety aspects of personnel and property during construction and
demolition operations.
d. Review of research findings for construction practices and safety aspects available in
the form of research papers, dissertations and reports published by different
national and international publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within
the country and outside and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in construction practices in buildings, and safety
aspects in BNBC, 1993, which require revision and updating.
f. Recommend minimum requirements for safe construction practices in the revised
code.
g. Exploring for the introduction of Maintenance Management of buildings.
h. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER – ENGR. SABBIR SIDDIQUEE
a. Assist the Subgroup Leader in all related matters.
b. Review of all relevant international codes and standards on construction practices in
buildings, and safety aspects of personnel and property during construction and
demolition operations.
c. Review of research findings for construction practices and safety aspects available in
the form of research papers, dissertations and reports published by different
national and international publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within
the country and outside and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
d. Identification of areas and fields in construction practices in buildings, and safety
aspects in BNBC, 1993, which require gross revision and updating.
e. Recommend minimum requirements for safe construction practices in the revised
code.

55. 48
5.2.4 SUBGROUP: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
SENIOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEER – PROF. TAHMEED M. AL-HUSSAINI
a. Act as Subgroup Leader and maintain liaison with the Team & Group Leader/
Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the subgroup.
c. Review of the present methods in evaluation of earthquake loads as well as of
detailing procedures for reinforced concrete and other structures in internationally
reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Review of research findings on seismic design and detailing available in the form of
research papers, dissertations and reports published by different national and
international publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within the country
and outside and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in earthquake load estimation, detailing of
Reinforced Concrete Structures and special provisions for seismic design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
f. Revision of the earthquake zoning map of BNBC, 1993.
g. Introduction of retrofitting aspects of existing reinforced concrete structures to be
earthquake resistant.
h. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEER – PROF. TAHSIN REZA HOSSAIN
a. Assist the Subgroup Leader in all related matters.
b. Review of the present methods in evaluation of earthquake loads as well as of
detailing procedures for reinforced concrete and other structures in internationally
reputed codes, standards etc.
c. Review of research findings on seismic design and detailing available in the form of
research papers, dissertations and reports published by different national and
international publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within the country
and outside and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
d. Identification of areas and fields in earthquake load estimation, detailing of
Reinforced Concrete Structures and special provisions for seismic design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
e. Introduction of seismic design and detailing approaches for brick masonry
structures.
f. Introduction of retrofitting aspects of existing brick masonry building structures to
be earthquake resistant.
g. Introduction of repair techniques for reinforced concrete and masonry building
structures subjected to earthquake damage.

56. 49
5.3 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
i. ACI 2004. Detailing Manual, American Concrete Institute, USA, 2004.
ii. ACI 315-99, Manual of structural and placing drawings of reinforced concrete,
American Concrete Institute, USA, 1999.
iii. ACI 315R-04, Details and detailing of concrete reinforcement, American Concrete
Institute, USA, 2004.
iv. ACI 318-02. Building code requirements for structural concrete, American Concrete
Institute, USA, 2002.
v. ACI 318R-02. Building code requirements for structural concrete-Commentary
American Concrete Institute, USA, 2002.
vi. AISC 05 Basic Design Values, American Institute of Steel Construction, USA,
2005.
vii. AISI 2001. North American Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel
Structural Members, American Iron and Steel Institute, USA, 2001.
viii. AISC 05. Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, American
Institute of Steel Construction, USA, 2005.
ix. AISC 05. Seismic provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel
Construction, USA, 2005.
x. AISC 2005. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel
Construction, USA, 2005.
xi. ASCE-48-05. Design of steel transmission pole structures, American Society of Civil
Engineering, USA, 2005.
xii. ASCE-7-02. Minimum Design Loads for buildings and Other Structures, American
Society of Civil Engineering, USA, 2002.
xiii. ASCE-7-05. Minimum Design Loads for buildings and Other Structures, American
Society of Civil Engineering, USA, 2005.
xiv. BNBC 1993. Bangladesh National Building Code, Housing and Building Research
Institute and Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
xv. Pakistan Code 2008. The Building Code of Pakistan, National Housing Authority, Islamabad, Pakistan,
2008.
xvi. EIA/TIA-F. Structural standard for Antenna supporting structures and antennas,
Telecommunications Industry Association, USA.
xvii. EIA-222-G-draft Structural standard for Antenna supporting structures and
antennas, Telecommunications Industry Association, USA.
xviii. Eurocode Parts 0-9. The European Standard, The British Standards Institution 2009.
xix. IBC 2006. International building code, International Code Council, USA, 2006.
xx. IBC 2009. International building code, International Code Council, USA, 2009.
xxi. Japan Code 2009. The Building Standard Law of Japan, The Building Centre of Japan,
Tokyo, Japan, 2009.

57. 50
xxii. NBI 2005. National Building Code of India, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
India, 2005.
xxiii. Wind Speed Data for Bangladesh 1948-2009. Bangladesh Meteorological
Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
xxiv. EN Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, The British Standards
Institution (partial).
xxv. ASTM Standards to Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA
(partial).
xxvi. IS Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, India (partial).
xxvii. Bangladesh Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, Bangladesh
Standards and Testing Institution, Dhaka, Bangladesh (partial).
5.4 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
i. AISC 325-05. Steel Construction Manual, Thirteenth Edition, American Institute of
Steel Construction, USA.
ii. Building Code of Australia, Australian Building Codes Board, Australia.
iii. Building Code of New Zealand, Act and Regulations, Compliance Documents and
Building Code Handbook, Department of Building and Housing, New Zealand.
iv. EN Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, The British Standards
Institution (partial).
v. ASTM Standards to Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA
(partial).
vi. IS Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, India (partial).
vii. Bangladesh Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, Bangladesh
Standards and Testing Institution, Dhaka, Bangladesh (partial).
viii. Geographical and Geopolitical Map of Bangladesh, Published by Survey of
Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
ix. Geological Map of Bangladesh, Published by Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
x. Flood, Tidal Surge and Tsunami Zoning Maps of Bangladesh, Institute of Water and
Flood Modeling, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
xi. Data for Historical Earthquakes, United States Geological Survey, USA.
xii. Information for Rain, Temperature and Humidity, Bangladesh Meteorological
Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

58. 51
xiii. Undergraduate, Postgraduate dissertations, reports, journal papers, conference
proceedings and individual’s research works (published/unpublished) but suitable
for adoption in the updated code in Bangladesh Context.
5.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF DOCUMENTS AND TENTATIVE
STRUCTURE OF THE CODE FOR MATERIALS SUBGROUP
5.5.1 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA, 2005
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national
instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across
India. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building
construction works by the Public Works Departments, other government construction
departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains
administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements;
fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction
(including safety); and building and plumbing services.
The comprehensive NBC 2005 contains 11 Parts some of which are further divided into
Sections totalling 26 chapters. The salient features of the revised NBC include, apart from
other changes made, the changes specially in regard to further enhancing peoples response
to meet the challenges posed by natural calamities and reflecting the state-of-the-art and
contemporary applicable international practices.
The code makes it clear that the manufacturer/supplier shall satisfy himself' that materials
conform to the specifications and if requested shall supply a certificate to that effect to the
purchaser or his representative. List of IS standards includes those relating to all materials
required for building constructions.
BUILDING CODE OF PAKISTAN, 2008
The building code of Pakistan, 2008 is their latest version in Pakistan covering all aspects
regarding building construction in Pakistan. Part 10 of the code covers the minimum
requirements for materials generally used in the design and construction of buildings. The
code stipulates that all materials shall conform to the specifications of and shall be tested
by standard procedures given in the relevant standards of Pakistan Standards Institution. For
materials for which such Pakistan Standards are not available the code recommends the use
of ASTM, ANSI, BS and ISO standards.

59. 52
The construction materials covered by the code include masonry units, timber, reinforcing
and structural steel, plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete, precast and cast-in-situ
flooring materials, sealing and water proofing materials and insulating and facade materials
and materials for all other services required for a building. The code also covers the
materials used in mechanical and electrical works in buildings.
BANGLADESH STANDARDS
Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) has prepared/adopted specification and
test methods for some building materials. These include clay bricks (including facing bricks.
and hollow bricks); Cement (EU); coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for
concrete; abrasion characteristics (coarse aggregates), soundness, and sieve analysis of
aggregates; steel bars and wires for reinforcement; and sanitary pipes, pressure pipes;
asbestos sheets for roofing and cladding; steel sheets including galvanised corrugated
sheets: bitumen emulsion: concrete; ceramic wash basins and pedestals; vitreous sanitary
appliances (general requirements and specific requirements for water closets, urinals, foot
rests and squatting pans); cement concrete flooring tiles: hot rolled steel beam, column,
channel and angle sections: bend test on steel tubes; and acid resistant tiles and bricks.
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE, 2009
The International Building Code, in its 2009 edition, is designed to meet the needs of
building construction through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and
safety in all communities, large and small. This comprehensive building code establishes
minimum regulations for building systems using prescriptive and performance-related
provisions. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new
materials and new building designs.
This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the
scope of a building code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare;
provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not
restrict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that
do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or
methods of construction
5.5.2 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
In BNBC, 1993 part 5 deals with building materials. However, several other parts and
chapters also contain specifications and details of building materials. In present update all
the relevant specifications and details of all relevant building materials may be incorporated
and placed in one part. Review of the present code shows the necessity of updating and
modification of the Part 5 i.e building materials along with other parts of the code.

60. 53
It is apparent from the preliminary review of various documents that specifications and test
methods of building materials are issued separately by relevant national authorities on
standards and materials. Building codes refer to these standards and do not in themselves
contain the details of the material standards.
National Building Code of India provides a list of the Indian Standards, which are available
for most common building materials. For any material not covered by the Indian Standards,
the code permits the use of standards issued by recognized authority.
Similarly, the Building Code of Pakistan refers to relevant Standards adopted by the Pakistan
Standards Institution wherever available. For materials for which Pakistan Standards are not
available, the Code permits the use of relevant standards of ASTM. ANSI, BS, and ISO. In this
way the Code recognizes the limitations of Pakistan Standards.
Presently, standards for building materials issued by Bangladesh Standards and Testing
Institution (BSTI) are not limited in number and scope. Standards have been adopted namely
from ISO and EN for many required building materials.
5.5.3 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
In the present code (BNBC,1993) Part 5 deals with building materials. However, several other
parts and chapters also contain specifications and details of building materials. In the
present update all the relevant specifications and details of all relevant building materials
may be incorporated and placed in a separate part. The relevant materials of this part may
be quoted or referred to from other parts of the updated version. Different codes,
textbooks, manuals and other published literature will be utilized for preparing the
code provisions for these materials.
5.6 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF DOCUMENTS AND TENTATIVE
STRUCTURE OF THE CODE FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
5.6.1 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC), 2009
International Building Code (IBC), published by the International Code Council, is followed
widely in the United States. It is the successor to three former US codes namely BOCA/NBC,
SBC and UBC. IBC was first published in 2000 and since then its updated versions are being
published every three years. Presently, the latest edition is the 2009 edition. It is a model
code that provides minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and
general welfare of the occupants of new and existing buildings and structures. The IBC
addresses structural strength, means of egress, sanitation, adequate lighting and

61. 54
ventilation, accessibility, energy conservation and life safety in regards to new and existing
buildings, facilities and systems.
The IBC 2009 code consists of about 33 chapters of which chapters related to structural
design of buildings and components are Chapter 15 (roof), Chapter 16 (structural design),
Chapter 17 (tests for structural design), Chapter 18 (soil), Chapter 19 (concrete), Chapter 20
(aluminum), Chapter 21 (masonry), Chapter 22 (steel), Chapter 23 (wood) etc. Provisions in
these chapters are mainly related to specifying basic design methodologies (e.g. allowable
stress design or limit state design), minimum gravity and environmental loads, serviceability
limits, material and test specifications etc. Details of the analysis and design procedures of
buildings are not dealt in IBC. Rather it refers other established codes for such procedures.
For example, IBC refers to ACI (American Concrete Institute) code for structural design of
reinforced concrete structures. Similarly for the detailed design procedure of steel
structures, AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) is referred.
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2005
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, serves as a
Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they
Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or
private construction agencies. The code mainly contains administrative regulations,
development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements;
stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); and
building and plumbing services. NBC 2005 contains 11 Parts some of which are further
divided into Sections totaling 26 chapters. The salient features of the revised NBC include,
apart from other changes made, the changes especially in regard to further enhancing
response to meet the challenges posed by natural calamities and reflecting the state-of-
the-art and contemporary applicable international practices.
The NBC gives special importance to safe structural design of building which is clear from
the fact that about 33% of its total volume is dedicated to structural design of issues like
minimum design load, design methodology etc. covering concrete, steel, masonry, timber
and bamboo structures. In some cases it directly refers to other Indian standards. For
example, for pre-stressed concrete structures, it directly refers to a separate Indian
Standard called IS-1343.
CODES AND STANDARDS BY AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08): The Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete prepared by American Concrete Institute is the
flagship American code which covers materials, design, and construction of structural
concrete used in buildings and where applicable in non-building structures. The Code also

62. 55
covers the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures. Among the subjects covered
are: drawings and specifications; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete
quality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement
details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and
torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast
concrete; composite flexural members; pre-stressed concrete; shells and folded plate
members; strength evaluation of existing structures; provisions for seismic design;
structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design
provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and strength reduction factors in Appendix C; and
anchoring to concrete in Appendix D. The quality and testing of materials used in
construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications.
Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. ACI 318
fully follows strength based design of reinforced concrete elements. References to service
load analysis is only made in relation of deflection and crack control and other relevant
issues.
Details of Concrete Reinforcement (ACI 315-04): ACI detailing manual ACI 315 is a
complementary code for ACI 318 where standard procedure for detailing of reinforcement
for concrete structures and elements are specified. The 2004 edition of this comprehensive
detailing manual provides answers to many questions from design engineers, architects,
contractors, detailers, and engineering students. It is divided into three sections including
“Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement (ACI 315-99),” “Manual of Engineering and
Placing Drawings for Reinforced Concrete Structures (ACI 315R-04),” and supporting
reference data.
Seismic Design of Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Plates (ACI 421-2R-07): During an
earthquake, the unbalanced moments transferred at flat plate column connections can
produce significant shear stresses that increase the vulnerability of these connections to
brittle punching shear failure. This report gives recommendations for designing flat plate-
column connections with sufficient ductility to go through lateral drift without punching
shear failure or loss of moment transfer capacity.
THE CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE STRUCTURAL USE OF STEEL (HONG KONG, 2005)
The Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel published in 2005 by The Government of
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, gives recommendations for the design of
structural steel buildings and allied structures not specifically covered by other standards
following limit state philosophy. The code has been developed using worldwide best
practice and philosophy from international codes. Particular guidance has been introduced
to the Code to cover high rise building design, composite design, long span structures,

63. 56
stability issues, temporary works in construction, a wide range of steel grades, performance
based design and structural vibration.
CODES AND STANDARDS BY AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-05): This specification provides
the generally applicable requirements for the design and construction of structural steel
buildings and other structures. This ANSI-approved specification is the first edition to
incorporate both allowable stress design (ASD) and load and resistance factor design (LRFD)
methods. The design provisions for single angles and hollow structural sections are also
included.
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-05): This ANSI-approved
specification is a companion to the Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC
360-05) that extends coverage to the connection detailing and member design
requirements for structural steel and composite structural steel and reinforced concrete
systems in high-seismic applications. This new standard, dated March 9, 2005, replaces and
updates the 2002 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings as well as incorporating
provisions for two new systems: buckling-restrained braced frames and special plate shear
walls.
Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic
Applications (ANSI/AISC 358-05): This standard has been developed by the AISC Connection
Prequalification Review Panel in accordance with Appendix P of the Seismic Provisions for
Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-05). The connections have been prequalified for
use in special and intermediate steel moment frames, without the need for additional
testing. The standard currently addresses three types of connections - the reduced beam
section (RBS) connection, the bolted unstiffened extended end plate (BUEP) connection, and
the bolted stiffened extended end plate (BSEP) connection.
EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION (LRFD, 2007)
This code of practice provides the generally applicable requirements for the design and
construction of structural steel buildings and other structures following the load and
resistance factor design method. It covers all the basic design methodology of common
structural components beams, columns, connections as well as topics like fatigue,
composite sections, cold formed sections, inspection and maintenance etc. all relavant to
steel buildings and structures.
EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION AND BRIDGES (ASD, 2001)
This code of practice provides the generally applicable requirements for the design and
construction of structural steel buildings and other structures following the allowable stress
design method. It covers all the basic design methodology of common structural

64. 57
components beams, columns, connections including bridges as well as topics like fatigue,
composite sections, cold formed sections, inspection and maintenance etc. all relavant to
steel buildings as well as bridges.
BUILDING STANDARD LAW OF JAPAN (2009)
The Building Standard Law of Japan is a collection of Japanese documents translated in
English by the Building Center of Japan (BCJ). BCJ contributes to international information
sharing in building-related areas, such as those of building regulations and technical
assessments, by publishing collections of English translations of Japanese laws and
regulations concerning building standards. It includes the mainly the Japanese regulations
which are in enforcement in Japan. It also contains guideline for estimating loads eg.
Earthquake load, wind load etc. However it does not elaborate any structural design
methodology.
EUROCODES (2002, 2006)
Eurocodes are a set of pan-European model building codes developed by the European
Committee for Standardisation. The Eurocodes are organised in 57 parts, each part
published as a separate European Standard. By 2002, ten Eurocodes have been developed
and published: EN 1990: Basis of structural design, EN 1991: (Eurocode 1) Actions on
structures
EN 1992: (Eurocode 2) Design of concrete structures, EN 1993: (Eurocode 3) Design of steel
structures, EN 1994: (Eurocode 4) Design of composite steel and concrete structures, EN
1995: (Eurocode 5) Design of timber structures, EN 1996: (Eurocode 6) Design of masonry
structures, EN 1997: (Eurocode 7) Geotechnical design, EN 1998: (Eurocode 8) Design of
structures for earthquake resistance, EN 1999: (Eurocode 9) Design of aluminium structures.
The Eurocodes form a common European set of structural design codes for civil engineering
work. By March 2010 the Eurocodes will be mandatory for European public works and likely
to become the de-facto standard for the private sector. The Eurocodes will therefore replace
the existing national codes published by national standard bodies (e.g. BS 5950), although
many countries will have a period of co-existence. Eurocodes extensively cover almost all
aspects of building design with special emphasis to fire resistant design of all types of
buildings and structures.
CODES BY AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (ASCE)
ASCE Standards provide technical guidelines, or instructions, for promoting safety,
reliability, productivity and efficiency across all areas of civil engineering.
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7 – 05) : The new ASCE
Standard 7-05 Standard provides requirements for general structural design and includes
means for determining dead, live, soil, flood, wind, snow, rain, atmospheric ice, and

65. 58
earthquake loads, and their combinations that are suitable for inclusion in building codes
and other documents. A detailed commentary containing explanatory and supplementary
information to assist users of ASCE 7-05 is included.
This ASCE 7-05 edition is a complete revision of ASCE 7-02. The new Standard includes
revised and significantly reorganized provisions for seismic design of structures, as well as
revisions in the provisions for determining live, flood, wind, snow, and atmospheric ice
loads. The earthquake load provisions in ASCE 7-05 are substantially adopted by reference
in the 2006 International Building Code and the 2006 NFPA 5000 Building Construction and
Safety Code. Numerous other provisions of all other ASCE 7-05 sections are also adopted by
reference by both model building codes including the provisions for calculating wind loads
and snow loads. Structural engineers, architects, and those engaged in preparing and
administering local building codes will find the structural load requirements essential to
their practice.
Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures (ASCE 10-97): This standard, provides
requirements for the design of guyed and self-supporting latticed steel electrical
transmission structures. They are applicable for hot-rolled and cold-formed steel shapes.
Analysis techniques are outlined for the geometrical configurations presently in use.
Procedures for the design of individual members reflect extensive experience and test data
on steels with yield points up to 65 ksi. Connection design procedures allow the engineer to
match connection capability to the most suitable end and edge distances for detailing. If full
scale structure testing is required procedures are outlined to assist in obtaining critical
information. Design procedures cover structural steel members and connections used in
foundations. The commentary provides supporting background data.
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS D 1.1 2008)
This code covers the welding requirements for any type of welded structure made from the
commonly used carbon and low-alloy constructional steels. Clauses 1 through 8 constitute a
body of rules for the regulation of welding in steel construction. There are eight normative
and twelve informative annexes in this code. A Commentary of the code is included with the
document.
5.6.2 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
Since 1993 a lot of changes have taken place in design concepts of reinforced concrete
structures. Strength design method has been widely accepted all over the world with
serviceably restrictions on deflection and crack control. Shear strength evaluation procedure
for determining web reinforcement needs up gradation. So, it appears to update the
strength design method for reinforced concrete based on recent research findings.

66. 59
Another observation of BNBC 1993 was its inclusion of concrete materials in the structural
design (part-6) section. So, in the revision it is suggested to describe all structural materials
in the separate chapter on ‘Materials’ in part-5 of the code.
Further three new chapters on bamboo structure, steel concrete composite structure and
repair & retrofitting of concrete structures are proposed.
Bamboo structures are widely used in Bangladesh as a non-engineered construction. It will
be explored to include Bamboo structure under the purview of engineered design for safety
and economy.
Steel concrete composite structure is another important topic that needs to be included in
the revised version of BNBC. Possibility of its inclusion will be investigated.
Repair and retrofitting concrete structure had been left out of BNBC 1993. But recently,
damages in concrete buildings are quite common. So, guidelines for appropriate repair
methods should be included in the revised code. Several structural deficiencies are also
common in different concrete structures. Specially, to improve performance of existing
buildings under earth quake loading some retrofitting measures may be needed. So, this
topic is also proposed to be included in the code update.
5.6.3 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
Structural Engineering aspects are mostly discussed in Part 6 of the code. Part 6 of BNBC
1993 contains twelve chapters. It covers nearly all the important aspects of structural
design. As its revision is now undertaken in 2010, some new chapters are proposed for
inclusion. It is decided to keep the original get up of the chapters in this part as far as
possible. In this respect the basic title and contents of each chapter should preferably be
kept in line with the original document (BNBC 1993). However, as it appears that Chapter 5
“Concrete Material” should be transferred to Part 5 Materials, so change in the names of
chapters following chapter 5 is expected. In order to minimize such changes, chapter 4
(Masonry Structures) is shifted to 5th place and a new chapter on Bamboo Structures is
placed as chapter 4. This will retain all the chapters from 6 to 12 in their original positions.
Now the tentative structure of Part 6 of the Revised Code are briefly described below along
with major changes proposed -
CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The title is changed from ‘General Design Requirements.’ Articles 1.2 and 1.4 are renamed
as ‘Definitions’ and ‘General Requirements’ respectively. Other article names are left
undisturbed.

67. 60
CHAPTER 2 LOADS
It has few inclusions like Loads due to Tsunami, Fire, Impacts and Collisions, Creep and
Shrinkage, Dynamic Loads due to vibrations, Moving Loads for Crane Movement and Fatigue.
Another new article on special combinations for Buildings with soft storey has been
proposed.
CHAPTER 3 FOUNDATION
Structure of this chapter is discussed in Chapter 6 of the present report.
CHAPTER 4 BAMBOO STRUCTURES (NEW ITEM)
A fresh chapter is proposed for inclusion in order to standardize our indigenous versatile
product used for low cost housing and other temporary structures. Its tentative contents
are foreword, scope, terminology, symbols, materials, permissible stresses, design,
considerations, design and techniques of joints, storage of bamboo
CHAPTER 5 MASONRY STRUCTURE (SHIFTED FROM 4TH TO 5TH PLACE)
Plain concrete has been included in the article (Art 4.2) on Materials. Design for
Concentrated loads and Design of Non-load Bearing Wall has been included in the article on
Design of unreinforced Masonry. Design for Concentrated load is also placed in another
article on Design of Reinforced Masonry.
CHAPTER 6 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES: STRENGTH DESIGN
Its title is modified. New articles and sub-articles proposed for inclusion are serviceability
requirements for structural elements, crack control (of different structural members),
columns subjected to bi-axial bending, deflection of framed structures, (design of) Pre-cast
pile, cast-in-situ Pile, Dog legged and Open Well Stair, Free Standing Stair, Helicoidal Stair,
deflection (of stairs) and structural design for fire protection.
Article on precast and composite construction is reduced to precast construction as steel
composite construction is proposed to form a separate chapter.
CHAPTER 7 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES: WORKING STRESS DESIGN”
It has a slightly modified title name. The contents are least disturbed with couple of
inclusions like columns subjected to bi-axial bending, crack control etc.
CHAPTER 8 DETAILING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
Major revisions are proposed for special provision for Seismic Design. All the sub-article
names of this article are changed.
CHAPTER 9 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

68. 61
A few inclusion proposed are Shape Selection, Minimum Temperature and Shrinkage
Reinforcement, Partial Prestressing, Crack Control and Fire Protection.
CHAPTER 10 STEEL STRUCTURES
Working Stress Design Method is renamed as Allowable Stress Design Method and Load
Factor Design Method is changed to Load and Resistance Factor Design Method. Other
inclusions are Consideration for Fatigue and Detailing of Steel Structures.
CHAPTER 11 TIMBER STRUCTURE
Major inclusions are Design of Nail Laminated Timber Beams, Design of Bolted Construction
Joints, Design of Timber Connector Joints, Glued Laminated Veneer Lumber, Design of Glued
Laminated Beams, Structural Use of Plywood, Trussed Rafter, Structural Sandwiches, Nail and
Screw Holding Power of Timber.
CHAPTER 12 FERROCEMENT STRUCTURES
Its content names has no proposed changes at the moment
CHAPTER 13 (NEW) STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE
A new chapter is proposed for inclusion. The tentative contents are General Provisions,
Nominal Strength of Composite Sections, Material Limitations, Shear Connectors, Axial
Members, Encased Composite Columns, Filled Composite Columns, Flexural Members,
Strength of Composite Beams with Shear Connectors, Flexural Strength of Concrete-Encased
and Filled Members, Combined Axial Force and Flexure and (some) Special Cases
5.7 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF DOCUMENTS AND TENTATIVE
STRUCTURE OF THE CODE FOR CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
5.7.1 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF THE COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
Building codes of most countries specify safe practices for various stages and for various
elements of building construction. The following is an account of the preliminary review of
various documents for coverage of construction practices and safety.
THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE, 2009
The International Building Code, 2009, gives a brief coverage of construction safety under
the heading, “Special Construction”, “Encroachments Into the Public Right of Way” and
“Safeguards During Construction” in chapters 31, 32 and 33 respectively.
Chapter 31 Special Construction: This chapter contains a collection of regulations for a
variety of unique structures and architectural features. Pedestrian walkways and tunnels

69. 62
connecting two buildings are addressed in Section 3104. Membrane and air-supported
structures are addressed in Section 3102. Safeguards for swimming pool safety are found in
Section 3109. Standards for temporary structures, including permit requirements are
provided in Section 3103. Structures as varied as awnings, marquees, signs,
telecommunication and broadcast towers and automatic vehicular gates are also addressed
in Sections 3105 through 3108 and 3110.
Chapter 32 Encroachments into the Public Right-of-way: Buildings and structures are
designed to extend over a property line and into the public right-of-way. Local regulations
outside of the building code usually set limits to such encroachments, and such regulations
take precedence over the provisions of this chapter. Standards are provided for
encroachments below grade for structural support, vaults and areaways. Encroachments
above grade are divided into below 8 feet, 8 feet to 15 feet, and above 15 feet, because of
headroom and vehicular height issues. This includes steps, columns, awnings, canopies,
marquees, signs, windows, balconies. Similar architectural features above grade are also
addressed. Pedestrian walkways are required to comply with Chapter 31.
Chapter 33 Safeguards During Construction: Chapter 33 provides safety requirements
during construction and demolition of buildings and structures. These requirements are
intended to protect the public from injury and adjoining property from damage. In addition
the chapter provides for the progressive installation and operation of exit stairways and
standpipe systems during construction.
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2005
Part 7 of the National Building Code of India 2005 presents a comprehensive treatment of
the issue of construction practices. The part is organized into five sections. viz (1)
Constructional Practices, (2) Storage, Stacking and Handling Practices, (3) Safety in
,Construction of Elements of a Building, (4) Maintenance Management, Repairs, Retrofitting
and Strengthening of Buildings and (5) Safety in Demolition of Buildings. An Appendix on
Programme Evaluation and Review Technique and Critical Path Method is also included. An
Appendix on Check List for Stacking and Storage of Materials, Common Causes for
Maintenance problems, Format for Inspection Report, Guidelines for Maintenance of
Electrical Equipments are also included in this Version.
OTHER CODES
Part 5 of the Building Code of Pakistan deals with "Construction Safety Measures". The code
draws extensively from relevant sections of the Indian Code and many requirements of the
two codes match.

70. 63
Article 30 of the BOCA National Building Code of the USA. "Precautions During Building
Operations" is fairly comprehensive. A useful section on Scaffolds containing a table of
required live load capacity of scaffolds is included in this code.
As stated earlier, construction practice in Bangladesh is based on local technology, and as
such, many provisions of the codes of other countries may not apply here. For example,
construction techniques such as double flooring, and steel frame building construction are
not yet relevant in this country. On the other hand improved practices of handling and
storage of materials and safety procedures for workers, public and adjoining property are
essential and can be drawn from some of the codes reviewed.
5.7.2 REVIEW OF THE BNBC 1993
Construction industry in Bangladesh is highly labour intensive and the success of a project
lies to a great extent on proper site management and construction practices. Ensuring safety
of life during construction and minimization of construction hazards are the concern of Part
7. Constructional responsibilities regarding planning and control of the construction as well
as the protection of public, workers and property are specified in this part. The minimum
requirements of on-site welfare measure for health and sanitation of the workers are also
specified. The specifications additionally provide for the safe and scientific demolition of
buildings, where necessary.
This Part of the Bangladesh National Building Code 1993 presents a comprehensive
treatment of the issue of construction practices and safety. The part is organized into four
sections. viz (i) Constructional Responsibilities and Practices. (2) Storage, Stacking and
Handling Practices. (3) Safety During Construction (4) Demolition Work.
5.7.3 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
This Part of the Code emphasizes the importance of carrying out all constructional
operations in a safe and efficient manner. Workers in large number, both skilled and
unskilled, are engaged in the innumerable construction works. Due to increased tempo of
such a building activity and large scale mechanization, hazards of accidents could increase
considerably. It is, therefore, imperative that adequate safety rules are laid down for every
phase of construction work.
Planning the various constructional operations before hand and making adequate
arrangements for procurement and storage of materials, and the machinery to get the work
done is as important as carrying out these constructional operations in accordance with
good practice. Lack of planning or defective planning may result in avoidable delay in the
completion of work and consequently increased hazards from the point of view of fire,
health and structural soundness.

71. 64
The requirement of this part is that it will address safety aspects of personnel, property and
equipment during construction and demolition operations.
Basic structure of this part of the Code shall be as in the existing code, i.e.
• Construction Responsibilities and Practices
• Storage, Stacking and Handling Practices
• Safety in Construction Work
• Safety in Demolition Work
• Maintenance Management, Repairs, Retrofitting and Strengthening of Buildings
5.8 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF DOCUMENTS AND TENTATIVE
STRUCTURE FOR SEISMIC PROVISIONS
5.8.1 GENERAL
As a general rule, building codes have developed based on consensus principle through a
net work of various technical committees on different subjects. Such committee comprises
representatives from Research and Development Organizations, Consumers, Industry,
Testing Labs and Govt. Organizations etc.
5.8.2 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
INDIAN CODE 2005
The Civil Engineering Division Council of the Bureau of Indian Standards is responsible for
the standardization in the field of Civil Engineering including Structural Engineering,
Building materials and components, Planning Design, Construction and Maintenance of Civil
Engineering Structures, Construction Practices, Safety in Building etc. This council took
initiatives for the preparation of a building code for India in 1967. The first version of the
National Building Code of India was published in 1970. 18 specialist panels prepared this
code. Based on comments and suggestions received, the building code was later revised in
1983. The third and final version of Indian National Building Code has been published in
2005.
Earthquake resistant design was first introduced as an Indian Standard through the
publication of IS 1893 “Recommendations for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures in
1962” which was then revised in 1966. As a result of additional seismic data collected in
India and accumulation of further knowledge and experience, the standard was revised in
1970, 1975 and then in 1984 which is known as IS 1893:1984 “Criteria for Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures”.

72. 65
One of the major changes in the Indian National Building Code of 2005 is the inclusion of
the latest version of earthquake resistant design IS 1893 (Part 1):2002. IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
covers general principles and design criteria, combinations, design spectrum, main
attributes of buildings, dynamic analysis and design procedures, seismic zoning map and
seismic coefficients of important towns, map showing epicenters, map showing tectonic
features and lithological map of India. Following are the major and important modifications
made in this revision of IS 1893:2002 (compared to previous version):
• The seismic zone map is revised with only four zones, instead of five. Zone I of previous
map has been merged with Zone II and hence the present code has only Zones II, III, IV
and V. Parts of Eastern coast area is enhanced from Zone II to Zone III and connected
with Zone III of Godavari Graben area.
• This revision adopts the procedure of first calculating the actual force that may be
experienced by the structure during the probable maximum earthquake, if it were to
remain elastic. Then the concept of response reduction due to ductile deformation or
frictional energy dissipation in the cracks is brought into the code explicitly, by
introducing the response reduction factor ‘R’ in place of the earlier performance factor.
The value of R varies significantly depending on building structure types.
• The values of seismic zone factors have been changed; these now reflect more realistic
values of effective peak ground acceleration considering Maximum Considered
Earthquake (MCE) and service life of structure in each seismic zone.
• Response acceleration spectra are now specified for three types of founding strata viz.
Hard, Medium and Soft.
• The empirical formula for calculating fundamental natural period T=0.1n for moment
resisting frames without bracing or shear walls is replaced with Ta=0.075h0.075 for RC
framed buildings. This formula applies to bare frames e.g. in industrial plant buildings.
The formula for framed buildings with in-filled masonry walls is Ta = 0.09h/d0.5 where h
and d are the height and base dimension of the building along the considered direction
of earthquake.
• Accidental torsion is introduced.
• Irregularities of building shapes in plan and in elevation (including soft-storey buildings)
are defined and taken into consideration in design.
• More load combinations are required.
• A clause has been introduced to restrict the use of foundations vulnerable to differential
settlements in severe seismic zones
• The change in earthquake resistant design provisions of IS 1893 has resulted in an
increase of seismic loadings in moment frame buildings, the increase is more for
ordinary RC moment resisting frame (OMRF) buildings.
• New zoning factor Z introduced represents the effective peak ground acceleration to be
considered for design. Z values are given as 0.1, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.36 for zones II, III, IV
and V respectively.
• Increase in structure forces due to building irregularity such as soft storey has been
quantified.

73. 66
US CODE 2009
IBC 2009 defines six design categories (SDC): A, B, C, D, E and F. It also defines four
occupancy categories: I, II, III and IV. To relate the SDC and the occupancy category, the
design spectral acceleration coefficient SDS and SD1 are used, which are obtained from
contour maps of maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations SS, S1 at
short and 1 sec periods respectively and multiplying them with site coefficient Fa and Fv and
a factor of two thirds. Site coefficients depend on soil type as well as SS, S1. Site classes are
also termed as A to F which are different from SDCs. Design Acceleration Response
Spectrum Sa is calculated from SDS and SD1 and time period of the structure. SDC is
determined on the basis of SDS and SD1 as well as occupancy category. The equivalent lateral
force is calculated by multiplying effective weight of structure by seismic response
coefficient CS which depends on SDS, occupancy importance factor and response
modification factor R, values of which are also tabulated. The method is quite complicated
and requires contour maps of SS, S1 which are tabulated for USA only.
The structural provisions given in IBC 2009 rely heavily on referenced standards, especially
the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Structures published by the American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE-7). The latest version ASCE/7SEI-05 published in 2006 contains a
number of chapters related to seismic provisions.
IBC 2009 also refers strongly to American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code 318-08 which gives
the procedure for design and detailing of structures subjected to earthquake loads but does
not address the calculation of seismic forces. Recent ACI Code (ACI 318-08) includes
updated provisions of Earthquake Resistant Structures. Chapter 21 contains requirements
for design and construction of reinforced concrete members of a structure for which the
design forces, related to earthquake motions, have been determined on the basis of energy
dissipation in the nonlinear range of response. This chapter contains provisions considered
to be the minimum requirements for a cast-in-place or precast concrete structure capable
of sustaining a series of oscillations into the inelastic range of response without critical
deterioration in strength.
5.8.3 REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
Earthquake engineering discipline has gone through major changes over the past 30 years
due to major research findings and experience gathered from structural damage in major
earthquakes in various countries of the world. As a result, earthquake resistant design
provisions in building codes have been subjected to major changes in this period. USA,
mainly due to its high seismicity in California, has been a major player in leading this
research initiative, and has an excellent program for updating their building code at regular
intervals. Current earthquake resistant design provisions of BNBC 1993, reflects many of the

74. 67
changes in building code introduced at that time in major international building codes.
BNBC93 has incorporated many of the seismic design provisions of Uniform Building Code
1991 (UBC91) and American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code 3128. As a result BNBC93 had
been a much improved seismic design code compared to the Indian earthquake resistant
design provisions IS 1893:1984 prevalent at that time. BNBC93 introduced a zoning map
along with the concept of zone factor Z representing the peak ground acceleration and a
response reduction factor R. BNBC93 specified response spectrum analysis procedures for
four types of soils, and provided detailed structural design procedures for buildings.
In BNBC93, the following articles of Part 6 (Structural Design) are related to seismic design
and will be evaluated and modified in light of current international standard building codes.
Chapter/A
rticle No.
Title Comment
1.2 Basic Considerations Structure importance category
1.3 Structural Systems Lateral load resisting system, structural
irregularities
1.5 Design for Lateral loads Earthquake force, overturning requirements,
drift and building separation requirements
1.7 Detailed Design Requirements Structural framing system, ties and
continuity, anchorage, boundary elements
requirements
1.8 Foundation Design Requirement Special requirement for footings, piles etc. in
seismic zone 2,3
2.5 Earthquake Loads Seismic zoning, Equivalent Static Force
method, Response Spectrum method,
2.7 Combination of Loads Load combination for RC, masonry, steel
structures
4.8 Earthquake Resistant Design (of masonry
structures)
Special requirements for masonry in zone 2
and 3
Chapter 6 USD of RC structures USD Analysis and design method of
structural components i.e. beam, column, slab
etc.
Chapter 7 WSD of RC structures WSD Analysis and design method of
structural components i.e. beam, column, slab
etc.
8.3 Special provisions for seismic design Special requirements for zone 2 and 3
10.8.12 Seismic design provisions Special requirements for different steel
frames
5.8.4 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
Earthquake design provisions will be included in various portions of Part 6: Structural Design
adopting a structure similar to that of BNBC93. The Section 2.5 titled “EARTHQUAKE LOADS”
will be expanded and modified to include new design provisions for earthquake loading and
analysis procedures. Most notable changes will include updated seismic zoning map,
updated static force method, updated response spectrum analysis method etc. Major new
inclusions are regional seismotectonics and seismicity, seismic design category,
performance level requirements, non-linear static (pushover) analysis method, some seismic
design guidelines for base-isolated buildings and detailed procedure for assessing

75. 68
liquefaction possibility of site. Changes will also take place in other sections of Part 6 such
as combinations of loads (Sec.2.7), foundation (Chapter 3), earthquake resistant design for
reinforced masonry buildings (Sec 5.8), special seismic design provisions for reinforcement
detailing of reinforced concrete buildings (Sec.8.3), seismic design provisions for steel
buildings (Chapter 10). Retrofitting techniques for improving seismic resistant design of
existing buildings may be addressed in chapter 14.

76. 69
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
6.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE GROUP
a. Review of the Soils and Foundations/Foundation/Geotechnical Section of different
codes.
b. Review of the Bangladesh National Building Code (1993).
c. Review of existing Geotechnical Practice of Building and Structures in Bangladesh.
d. Extensive discussions with geotechnical academics, experts, professionals of this
country to determine the various needs and problems of geotechnical practice in
Bangladesh.
e. Determination of the necessity to extend the scope of the existing code.
f. Determination of the necessity to add further details in the relevant sections and
sub-sections of the existing codes.
g. Determination of the necessity to delete irrelevant/redundant parts of the existing
codes.
6.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS
The individual consultants of the Geotechnical Group will contribute specifically to the
following major fields:
Professor Dr. Syed Fakhrul Ameen: Design of Foundations and Foundation Construction
Professor Dr. Abu Siddique: Geotechnical Investigations and Geotextiles
Professor Dr. Mohammed Kabirul Islam: Foundations on Sanitary Landfill, Slope Stability and
ground water contamination
Professor Dr. Md. Shariful Islam: Liquefaction Potential Analyses and Ground Improvement
6.3 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
The Soils and Foundations/Foundation/Geotechnical Section of the following code were
collected for preliminary review:
i. Bangladesh National Building Code (1993): Part 6 Structural Design: Chapter 3
entitled ‘Foundation’.
ii. National Building Code of India: Part 6 Structural Design: Section 2 entitled ‘Soils and
Foundation’.
iii. IBC-2009 Chapter 18 entitled ‘Soils and Foundations’.

77. 70
iv. Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design: Part 1, 2 and 3.
v. Japanese Code
6.4 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
It is intended to collect the Soils and Foundations/Foundation/Geotechnical Section of the
following documents for further investigation and review:
• AASHTO
6.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
Preliminary review of the Soils and Foundations/Foundation/Geotechnical Section of the
collected documents as given above were carried out.
The Soils and Foundations Section of the National Building Code of India comprises of 14
sections. These sections primarily deal with soil investigations, classification of soils and
materials; design of shallow and deep foundations; and ground improvement. Sections are
also divided into subsections, sub-subsections and sometimes further into sub-sub-
subsections. In addition there is an annexure section with 9 sub-sections which provides
details regarding various computations that are necessary for foundation analysis and
design. The large number of hierarchy in the divisions and sections were found to be
tedious and difficult to follow. On the other hand, scope layout and extent and presentation
method of this code is possibly more suited for professionals of Bangladesh who do not
have ready access to variety of references and information as well as because of the
coverage of the material is relevant to the professional practice in this country.
The Soils and Foundation Section of the International Building Code of 2009 (IBC 2009)
comprises of 10 sections. These sections primarily deal with soil investigations, Presumptive
load bearing value of soils, design of shallow and deep foundations. In addition to these,
this document contains sections on Excavation, Grading and Fill; Damp proofing and water
proofing; Foundation Walls, Retaining Walls and Embedded Post and Poles. Sections are also
divided into subsections, sub-subsections and sometimes further into sub-sub-
subsections. Even there is section division beyond the sub-sub-subsection level. The large
number of hierarchy in the divisions and sections were found to be tedious and difficult to
follow. The IBC 2009 Soils and Foundation Section detail in descriptive fashion, the design
and other relevant topics of Soils and Foundations. It frequently refers to other parts,
chapters and sections of IBC 2009 for necessary details. It is difficult for professionals of
Bangladesh who do not have ready access to variety of references and information sources
to follow such a code. The scope, layout and extent and presentation method of this code is
possibly not convenient for professionals of Bangladesh.

78. 71
The Geotechnical Design Part of the Eurocode 7 consists of three sections which are as
follows:
• General Rules
• Ground Investigations and Testing
• Design Assisted by Field Testing
Each of these sections deals in extensive detail all issues regarding geotechnical
engineering. The general rules has 12 sub-sections and deals with geotechnical design,
different types of shallow and deep foundations, retaining structures and embankments. It
also deals with provisions for fill, dewatering, ground improvement and reinforcement,
anchorages as well as supervision of construction, monitoring and maintenance. Besides, it
has 9 annexure which provides information and sample methods for methods and
procedure for computing various geotechnical design related values.
The Ground Investigation and Testing part has 6 sections and 24 annexure. It deals with
planning of ground investigations, sampling and ground water measurements, field and
laboratory tests, and ground investigation report. The annexure give details of different field
and laboratory tests.
Design Assisted by field testing part of Eurocode 7 has 14 sections and 26 annexure. It
starts with planning of site investigation and then sections 3 to 11 gives details of different
types of field tests. Sections 12 and 13 deal with sampling on soil and rocks while section
14 deals with ground water measurements.
It appears that Eurocode 7 is an extensive and modern code. However, many of the details
described in this code are still not prevalent in the professional geotechnical practices of
Bangladesh. Certain sections such as supervision of construction, embankments, hydraulic
failure, and details of relevant field and laboratory tests may be appropriate from the
perspective of Bangladesh.
6.6 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
At present the Geotechnical Group has made a preliminary review of Chapter 3 entitled as
‘Foundation’ in part 6 of BNBC (1993). The study showed that there is scope of extension,
modification and detailing of several sections and sub-sections of Chapter 3 of BNBC
(1993).
It has been proposed to add several new sections to the existing code. This is done taking into
account both the development of geotechnical engineering practices as a whole throughout
the world as well as nationally.

79. 72
The name of the existing Chapter 3 entitled as “Foundation” in BNBC 1993 has been
proposed to be revised as Chapter 3 entitled as “Soils and Foundations”.
The following sections have been proposed to be added in the draft table of contents of the
revised code.
i. Geotextiles
ii. Foundation on Problematic Soils
iii. Foundation on Sanitary Landfills
iv. Retaining Walls
v. Embankments
vi. Hydraulic Fills
vii. Ground Improvement
viii. Soil Reinforcement
ix. Slope Stability
x. Supervision of Construction, Monitoring and Maintenance.
xi. Dewatering
xii. Liquefaction Potential of a Site
Sub-sections and sub sub-sections will be added to the above new sections as necessary.
It has also been proposed to substantially extend the appendix section of the existing code.
The following items may be included in the revised appendices.
i. Determination of modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio
ii. Modulus of sub-grade reaction
iii. Calculation of pressure distribution by conventional method
iv. Load carrying capacity: Static Formula
v. Determination of depth of fixity, lateral deflection and maximum moment
vi. Load carrying capacity of under-reamed piles from soil properties.
Some revisions are also proposed to the designation and nomenclature of certain sections
as follows:
Section 8: Footing Design
Section 9: Foundation Design
Section 10: Proposed to be deleted
Section 11: Modified as Section 10 and named as Design of Pile and Pier Foundation
Section 12: Modified as Section 11
Section 13: Modified as Section 12
On the basis of above discussions, proposed topics for inclusion, deletion, reorganization
and revision the proposed title of the chapter had been recommended as “SOILS AND
FOUNDATIONS”.

80. 73
6.7 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
The structure of the Foundations part of the existing code (BNBC, 1993) was reviewed. It
was observed that in the current code, the Foundations part is divided into 13 major
sections, some of which are divided into sub-sections, and some further into sub sub-
sections. The code also contains 1 appendix, 6 tables and one figure. In the revised code, no
fundamental change in the structure of the present code is proposed. However, it has been
proposed to modify and revise some of the sections, adding or deleting sub-sections and
sub sub-sections. Besides a thorough review of of the Soils and Foundations Section of the
National Building Code of India (PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN), Soils and Foundations
Section of International Building Code (IBC, 2009) and Geotechnical Design part of Eurocode
7 was carried out. It appeared from the review that it is necessary to add new sections to the
BNBC. Accordingly some new sections consisting of geotechnical issues relevant to
geotechnical profession and practices in Bangladesh have been incorporated in the tentative
table of contents of the revised code. These sections will address important geotechnical
topics such as ground improvement, geotextiles, soil reinforcement, slope stability,
foundation on problematic soils, foundation on sanitary landfill, dewatering, retaining walls,
embankments, hydraulic fill, liquefaction potential of a site and supervision of construction,
monitoring and maintenance. In light of the other codes, it is proposed to significantly
increase the appendix section incorporating sample calculations and details of important
geotechnical analysis and design procedures. This has been shown on the tentative table of
contents.
It is also proposed to add a section concerning Geohazards related to earthquakes and soil
contamination by pollutants and landfills in view of the importance of this issue for
Bangladesh.

81. 74
BUILDING SERVICES
7.1 FIRE PROTECTION
7.1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE
Consultant Main focus
a) Prof. Nizamuddin Ahmed: Fire and buildings
i. General Provisions
ii. Precautionary Requirements
iii. Means of Escape
iv. Specific Requirements for Various Occupancies, incl. tall
buildings
v. Specific Requirements for Rural Areas
vi. Contradiction of BNBC 1993 with various Building
Construction Rules, and necessary integration of both
b) Firefighter Selim Newaj Bhuiyan: Equipments & techniques
i. Equipment and In-built facilities
ii. Venting in industrial and storage buildings
iii. Fire drill and evacuation procedure for all buildings
iv. Fire detection and alarm system
v. Training and qualification of fire management officers and
staff
7.1.2 LIST OF COLLECTED MATERIALS
i. Bangladesh: Dhaka Metropolis Building Constructions Rules, 2008
ii. Brunei: Laws Brunei – Chapter 82, Fire Service
iii. Canada: Fire Safety Rules and Measures in Canada
iv. Canada: Montreal Conference on Environment
v. China: Fire Code of China
vi. Dubai: Fire protection, fire prevention, and fire emergency control Regulations of
Dubai
vii. Finland: Fire Safety Code: Finland
viii. Finland: National Building Code, Finland
ix. Hong Kong: Fire Safety Regulations, Hong Kong
x. India: Indian Building By-laws
xi. India: National Building Code 2005, India: Part 4 Fire and Life Safety

82. 75
xii. Jamaica: International Fire Code, Jamaica
xiii. Japan: Fire Service Law, Japan
xiv. Maldives: The Building Regulations, 2007: Maldives National Building Code
xv. New Zealand Fire Services
xvi. New Zealand Building Rules
xvii. Philippines: Fire Code of the Philippines
xviii. Scotland: Fire Safety in Scotland
xix. Singapore: National Fire Code, Singapore
xx. South Africa: Fire Safety, South Africa
xxi. UK: Fire Protection Act, 1971
xxii. UK: Fire Safety Codes, UK
xxiii. UK: The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
xxiv. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Handbook for the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Seventh edition, 2006; ref.
ban on use of Halons, CO2, etc
xxv. USA: AISC Specification for steel buildings 2005: B. Design Requirements, 10. Design
for Fire Conditions
xxvi. USA: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2000
xxvii. USA: International Building Code, 2009: International Fire Code
7.1.3 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
Under further study and, if found, shall be collected
7.1.4 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
a) Provision of health-safe and environment friendly extinguishers (portable and fixed),
should be considered
b) Comprehensive fire fighting should be introduced
i) Fire detection, including by use of CCTV, should be assessed
ii) Control measures, smoke exhaust, dampers, etc requires assessment
c) Fire management should be modernised
i) Training of implementing officers should be made mandatory
ii) Qualification of fire officers should be defined
iii) Instruction to users (in Bangla) should be simplified, updated and made more
effective
iv) Fire Hydrant installation must be made compulsory for particular areas, while
ensuring water supply as well as keeping them free from encroachment and
obstruction
d) Special code for congested area and rural areas needed: rapid intervention by
motorcycle brigade (as in Malaysia) is a practice that may be considered

83. 76
7.1.5 REVIEW OF THE BNBC 1993
a) The code (BNBC, 1993) should be revised and updated to make the code user
friendly and up-to-date with international standards
b) The code should be incorporated with building architecture for fire safety
i) Compartmentation issue has to be addressed
ii) Encasement of staircase should be made mandatory above a certain height
iii) Building depth should be controlled
iv) Accessibility into building should be ensured for fire-fighting
v) Optimum number of users, floor area and number of stories for a single staircase
should be redefined
vi) Separation of lift lobby and stair landing should be ensured
vii) Location of transformer in buildings (presently hampering escape)
c) Means of Escape needs to be redefined
7.1.6 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
In the updated Code Fire Protection will be discussed in Part 4 as in the BNBC 1993. Two
new chapters are proposed to be included in Part 4. One chapter is on Specific Requirements
on Congested Areas and the other on Specific Requirements on Rural Areas and Remote
Areas.
7.2 HVAC, LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS
7.2.1 GENERAL
BNBC 1993 was the first building code of Bangladesh. This was the collective effort of a
number of Bangladeshi experts/professionals working in the relevant fields. The code was
ratified by the National Assembly in the year 2005.
Chapter-3 : Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating and Chapter-5 : Lift, Escalator and
Moving Walks of Part-8 of this building were written to provide basic data and information
to keep provisions in the building for effective installation of the services. A collection of
local environmental data and safety requirements are also included in these chapters for
effective designing of systems by engineers/professionals.
BNBC 1993 was based on information and data collected by reviewing a number of
international codes and local technical information.
There has been a number of advancements in technology and materials which make it
absolute necessary to revise the code to make it compatible with the present day

84. 77
requirements. Moreover, certain technologies have become obsolete and need not be part of
the updated code.
7.2.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE CONSULTANT
ToR of Engr. Belal Ahmed:
a) Scrutinize relevant sections of the code to determine its shortcomings which need
changes or modifications.
b) Collection of relevant information from other international codes to insert in the
revised code.
c) Addition of more information required as per present day technological information.
d) Organize and write the code to make it user friendly.
e) Provide guidelines for engineers/building users/inspectors to check whether the
building services are kept as per requirements of the code, specially in the absence
of any specific mechanical or electrical or special codes.
7.2.3 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
Following international codes/documents/ books have been collected:
i. 4 volumes of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) handbook: Fundamentals volume, Application volume,
Refrigeration volume, Equipment and Systems volume.
ii. Sheet Metal and Air-conditioning Contractor’s National Association (SMACNA)
handbook
iii. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) handbook
iv. EN81 standard
7.2.4 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
Following documents/books/codes will be collected:
i. 2009 International Building Code (IBC)
ii. 2009 International Mechanical Code (IMC)
iii. Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC)
iv. HVAC Mechanical Codes
v. California Mechanical Codes
vi. 2007 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators – ASME A 17.1
vii. DOE : Building Energy Codes
viii. Manual of Hydraulic Institute (HI) of USA
ix. Manual of Institute of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (IHVE), UK

85. 78
7.2.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
There have been substantial changes in environmental conditions, technological advances,
requirements of users. All these have prompted changes in relevant codes of standard in all
international codes.
A review of codes has indicated that there have been new additions in codes viz. variable
refrigeration systems in HVAC applications, variable voltage, variable frequency drives in
elevator applications.
7.2.6 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
PART-8: CHAPTER 3 AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND VENTILATING
• The name of this chapter shall preferably be changed from name to Heating,
Ventilating and Air-conditioning (HVAC) in line with the other international codes.
Section 3.1.4: Terminology
• Additional items shall be included, viz. variable refrigerant flow, variable refrigerant
volume, chillers, heat recovery units, primary pumps, secondary pumps, global
warming potential etc.
Section 3.2.2.2: Building Design and Use of Materials
• This section may be rewritten with proper emphasis for methodology for designing
buildings with lower energy consumption for HVAC system.
Section 3.3.2.1: Inside Design Conditions
• This section may be further detailed to cover a broader group/class of spaces. Data
for winter design conditions may also be included.
Section 3.3.2.2: Outside Design Conditions
• Meteorological data for the last ten years for different districts may be collected and
analyzed to provide a table for outside design conditions for different districts/zones
of Bangladesh.
Section 3.3.2.3: Ventilation Air
• This section shall be reviewed to cover all types of areas/uses separately, especially
with respect to the present level of outdoor air qualities in different zones. Table
8.3.3 may be detailed to cover all the areas/uses separately.

86. 79
Section 3.3.3.4: Noise Control
• This section may be detailed/revised to protect buildings from noise pollution due to
air conditioning machineries from adjoining buildings.
Section 3.3.3.5: Vibration Control
• This section may be elaborated. Descriptions on earth quake restraint supports for
ducts, pipes, machinery/equipment etc. shall be included.
Section 3.4.1.2: Materials (of ducts)
• Details of non-metallic ducting materials and pre-insulated, viz. polyurethane
ducting materials, fabric ducting materials etc. shall be included.
Section 3.4.1.7: Fire Damper
• This section shall be reviewed and rewritten to cover all the requirements of NFPA.
New Section: Smoke Damper
• A separate section may be included to cover smoke dampers as per requirements of
NFPA.
New Section: Safety
• A separate section may be included to cover safety concerns of man, machine,
building and environment from the adverse effects of air conditioning system.
Section 3.5.7.2: Air Filters
• This section may further be detailed to provide adequate data on different filtration
systems to cover a wide range of different applications.
Section 3.6.8.2: Refrigerants
• This section shall be revised with addition of data of refrigerants which are presently
used in the refrigeration systems or other applications. A table will also be provided
to include general data on toxicity levels and adverse effects on environment.
PART-8 : CHAPTER 5 LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS
Section 5.1.3: Terminology
• Additional terminologies, viz. gearless drive, traction drive, variable voltage variable
frequency drive etc. shall be included.

87. 80
Section 5.2.13: Standby Power
• This section shall further be elaborated.
Section 5.2.2: Safety Considerations
• This section shall include descriptions of regulations and methodology to ensure
adequate safeties to man, machine/equipment during construction and usage
periods.
Section 5.2.2.1: Fire Protection
• This section shall be elaborated to cover considerations with respect to design and
construction.
Section 5.2.4: Lift Well and Lift Well Enclosures
• This section shall be detailed to cover all the safety features to be considered during
design and construction of the building. An annexure may be provided with
adequate data to calculate the overhead height and pit depth.
Section 5.2.7: Lift Pits
• Table 8.5.2 may be rearranged to cover data for all types of buffers and accessories.
Section 5.2.9: Machine room and Overhead Structures
• This section shall be reviewed to cover all the safety concerns of lift installations.
Section 5.3.1: Number of Lifts and Capacity
• This section shall be further elaborated. Tables 8.5.3, 8.5.4 and 8.5.5 shall be
rearranged and detailed for easy data handling by users.
Section 5.3.1.6: Handling Capacity and Interval
• Separate tables may be included for calculation of average round trip time (T) of
different lifts. An example may be included as an annexure to facilitate designer in
selecting proper lift.
New Section: Additional
• A separate section may be included to cover legal aspects of lift installation,
operation and maintenance. A detail guideline may be included as an annexure to
facilitate lift inspectors for testing, inspecting of lifts, escalators & moving walks and
subsequent certification for use.

88. 81
7.2.7 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART
CHAPTER: AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND VENTILATING
• Section-1: This section will cover terminology, scope of code, application field and
other general provisions of the code.
• Section-2: This section will cover building architectural & structural design criteria
with respect to HVAC needs and to cater safety & space needs of the building.
• Section-3: This section will provide design methodology, design data for the HVAC
system and mechanical ventilation systems for the local environmental conditions.
Data on safety needs and other technical data for international conformity will also
be included. This section will also cover energy conservation requirements and data
for design of energy efficient HVAC system.
• Section-4: This section will cover state of the art description of HVAC
equipment/machinery at present in use in this field.
• Section-5: This section will cover details of inspection, testing, commissioning,
operation and maintenance of HVAC and Mechanical Ventilation systems.
CHAPTER: LIFT, ESCALATOR AND MOVING WALKS
• Section-1: This section will cover terminology, scope of code, application field and
other general provisions of the code.
• Section-2: This section will cover building architectural & structural design criteria
with respect to vertical transportation needs and to cater safety & space needs of the
building.
• Section-3: This section will provide design methodology, design data for the vertical
transportation system. Data on safety needs and other technical data for
international conformity will also be included.
• Section-4: This section will cover state of the art description of vertical
transportation equipment/machinery and their components at present in use in this
field.
• Section-5: This section will cover details of inspection, testing, commissioning,
certification, operation and maintenance of vertical transportation system.
7.3 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
7.3.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE SUBGROUP
This subgroup will deal with the Electrical Engineering sections of the BNBC. This section
deals with the codes for electrical lighting, design of electrical distribution system,
installation of electrical distribution system, Installation of Electronic System and Data
Communication System. This section will cover the following topics:
a. determination of illumination levels
b. Choosing appropriate light fittings
c. Choosing appropriate types of lamps, methods of point wiring

89. 82
d. methods of circuit wiring, methods of Sub-distribution wiring
e. methods of Distribution wiring
f. methods of earthing / grounding for buildings
g. methods of earthing / grounding for substations
h. methods of earthing / grounding for Lightning Protection System
i. design of a substation for various types of buildings
j. choosing appropriate types of substation equipment
k. choosing appropriate types of cables for various applications
l. lightning protection system
m. fire alarm system
n. telecommunications networks inside buildings
o. data Communications / Internet connection inside buildings
p. electrical distribution system of shopping malls
q. electrical distribution system for apartment buildings, load
r. electrical distribution system of High Rise Buildings
Previous BNBC Electrical Engineering Section of 1993 require significant modification, up
gradation and additions. This sub-group will review the 1993 code and find out the
inconsistencies/ short-comings of that code. Changes and modifications will be done to
different parts of the existing BNBC, as required, to update the codes to incorporate the
current trends in electrical and electronic engineering as applied to buildings.
A number of topics / items have been identified for revisions/ modifications/ additions.
Some of these topics / items are as follows:
a. Addition of Some New Terminologies
b. Corrected/ Modified Illumination Levels for various applications
c. Inclusion of Energy-Saving Lights
d. Earthing / Grounding
e. Lightning Protection
f. Fire Alarm System
g. Telecommunications networks inside buildings
h. Data Communications / Internet connection inside buildings
i. Special requirements for electrical distribution system of shopping malls
j. Special requirements for electrical distribution system for apartment buildings, load
k. Special requirements for electrical distribution system of High Rise Buildings
7.3.2 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
i. National Building code of India (2005) - Photocopy
ii. IEE wiring Regulation (16th edition)

90. 83
7.3.3 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
i. National Electrical Code of USA
ii. IEE wiring Regulation (17th edition) BS: 7671 2008 including all parts
iii. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, 10th Edition, Benjamin Stein, John
S. Reynolds, Walter T. Grondzik , Alison G. Kwok, Wiley; 10 edition (November 18,
2005), ISBN-10: 0471465917, ISBN-13: 978-0471465911
iv. Standard Handbook of Electrical Engineering 15ed By Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne
Beaty, ISBN: 0071441468, McGraw-Hill
v. Draka Cables and Tables Handbook
vi. Bangladesh Electricity Act
vii. BIP 2109:2008 The Design, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance of Fire
Detection and Fire Alarm Systems: A Guide to BS 5839-1 (3rd edition) September
2008 Colin S Todd
7.3.4 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
After a preliminary review of the Electrical section of the National Building Code of India, it is
found that a significant revision of the existing BNBC Electrical Section is necessary to
incorporate the current trends in electrical and Electronic engineering practices. After an
initial review of the National Building code of India (2005) and the IEE wiring Regulation
(16th edition), it was observed that a major revision of the current BNBC code is necessary.
Also consultation of the other internationally codes, e.g. US codes, are also required for the
present review of the BNBC code.
7.3.5 REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
For the last seventeen years, from 1993 to 2010, there was no revision/review of the BNBC
code. As a result the current engineering practices are either outdated or do not follow the
code properly to serve changing needs of the time or both. We have reviewed the current
code and some important places that need review are listed in the following.
REVIEW ON EXISTING SECTIONS
Chapter 1: Lighting
1.1 Scope
Principle of lighting and illumination should be updated in accordance with recent standards
and practices. For example, the principle of using energy saving lights should be taken into
consideration.

91. 84
A new section titled as “Principles of Lighting” is required to be added where detailed
description on aims of good lighting, planning the brightness pattern, glare, lighting for
movement about a building, corridors, passages and stairways, and entrances will be
provided.
1.2 Terminology
Different new terminologies are missing and some of the existing terminologies need to be
clarified. There are plenty of scopes for contribution in this section depending on recent
advancement in electrical lighting and fittings. For example, new terms, such as color
temperature, DST, CFL should be included. Different illumination levels are either missing or
should be modified.
1.3 Illumination
Comments should be added about the illumination of CFL heights. Tables 8.1.5 through
8.1.11 need item-wise detailed revision.
1.4 Light Fittings
Topics like daylighting, artificial lighting, aims of good lighting, energy conservation in
lighting have to be covered in detail.
1.5 Illumination Exit Signs and Means of Escape
Comment should be made for fire emergency, such as the exit sign should always be in
such height that it is visible and even in case of power shut down. Revision is required in
cleaning schedule for window panes and luminaires.
New terms should be included (Flameproof Enclosure, Data Cable for internet etc.)
Chapter 2: Electrical Installation
2.1 General
Several new additions and inclusions, revisions of comments, limits and ranges should be
made.
2.2 Terminology
Different new terminologies are missing and some of the existing terminologies need to be
clarified. For example, new symbols need to be included in Table 8.2.1 (P. 8-18).

92. 85
2.3 Fittings and Accessories
Details regarding some new fittings and corresponding accessories are missing. also
modifications are required for some existing fittings. Table 8.2.2 should be revised for
number of socket outlets. Air Condition should be considered as a possible appliance and
comment should be made on this.
2.4 Load Estimation
Table 8.2.5 should be revised to give a better estimation for domestic and non-domestic
installation (1KW load for each three-pin socket seems unpractical).
2.5 Circuit wiring in a building
Kitchen lighting and office (Corporate) lighting should be discussed. Provision for data
cable, TV cable, emergency generator cable, IPS/UPS supply cable should be properly made.
Remarks for “channels” as a separate conduit path should be made.
2.6 Sub-station in Building
Provision for a PFI plant for Apartment Buildings/Shopping Malls need to be codified. Table
8.2.8 need to be revised as sub-station and transformer room has to be bigger. The noise
and other pollution for the emergency generator should be specified in 2.6.4.2 (P. 8-24).
Should include pre-paid energy meter option.
2.7 Distribution of supply and cable
Table 8.2.10 needs to be revised and corrected accordingly. Design of main switch and
switchboards has to be revised.
2.8 Earthing
The whole section should be revised and rewritten where needed. Significant additions and
modifications are significantly required in this section. Some of the key points to be
modified in this section are as follows:
a. Three main components are described while a major component Earth Clamps is
missing. A removable link which effectively disconnects the neutral bar from the
earth bar is missing.
b. Earth conductors: Instead of bare copper, an equivalent cable should be specified.
c. Instead of single pipe, multiple pipes should be recommended.
d. Instead of ground water level, a minimum height should be specified. Also a target
resistance should be clearly specified.
e. Equipment and portions of installations which shall be earthed should be included

93. 86
f. Detail on Neutral Earthing is missing
g. Earthing systems, such as TN, TT, and IT are missing.
h. Earthing methods and corresponding figures should be revised (Pipe earthing and
plate earthing)
2.9 Lightning protection
Calculation for evaluating the need for protection and estimation of exposure risk are
missing. Updating required in Table 8.2.13. Geographical data/map indicating average
yearly thunderstorm can be added.
2.10 Telecommunication and miscellaneous services
Following items are missing that must be included:
Public address system, UPS system, Inverter, diesel generating set (<5 KVA), computer
networking, internet connections, security system, car-park management.
2.11 Inspection and testing
Several inconsistencies in pipe specifications are found and corrections are required in Fig.
8.2.1 and 8.2.2. Delivery of complete drawings (diagrams for wiring, network clearly
showing all possible corrections) is essential. Additional protection circuits should be
incorporated.
NEW ADDITIONS
The following general additions are recommended to be included in the code.
a. For kitchen illumination, electrical wiring should be redesigned (e.g., sink to power
point clearance).
b. Toilet circuitry should be redesigned.
c. Industry wiring needs to be added.
d. Wiring and electrical installation for hazardous building/installation/industry.
e. Application of oil-type and dry-type transformer.
f. Electrical installations for mining area.
g. Application of energy saving lamps, Fluorescent lamp, GLS lamps.
h. High bay lighting (e.g., steel mills).
i. Light fittings in wire houses (ballast may burn).
j. Shopping complex and high rise apartment: Design of distribution board.
k. Along with telecommunication circuits, we should now specify design for internet
cables which require special specifications.
l. Options for solar panel.
m. Audio-video conferencing.

94. 87
n. Wireless control for home automation, car parking.
o. Low voltage protection requires (i) missing ampere ratings and (ii) revision of circuit
level protection.
p. Substation detailing needs to be reviewed.
q. Recommended fan sizes in rooms. For example, 1442mm corresponds to 57 inch,
while standard should be 56 inch. (Table 8.2.4, page 8.20)
r. Correction in detail illustration: Layout and Installation Drawings. Specifications:
240V, 2m apart should be updated. (Section 2.5.3, page 8.21)
s. Provision for Standby Supply:
t. Area required for transformer room and substation for different capacities
u. Correction needed in all room areas. It should be mentioned as “minimum” area and
the specified areas are much lower than the standard requirements.
v. Tables 8.2.8 and 8.2.9 need revision.
w. Addition: Change over switch either operated centrally or individually need to be
considered.
7.3.6 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
The existing main structure should be retained as in the BNBC 1993 (two sections, namely,
lighting and electrical installation). Chapter 1 of the BNBC code discusses terminology
regarding lighting, illumination, light fittings, illumination of exit signs etc. The following
sub-section will be added here:
• Energy conservation in Lighting
Chapter 2 discusses the Electrical Installation. Topics included are terminology, fittings and
accessories, load estimation, circuit wiring in a building, substation in a building,
distribution of supply and cabling, earthing, lightning protection, telecommunication and
miscellaneous services and inspection and testing. The following sub-sections to be
included:
• Safety features of high-rise buildings and shopping malls
• Provisions for renewable energy sources as alternate/backup sources.
Other than theses inclusions, there will be a major overhaul of the complete code to the
finest detail regarding the electrical equipment and their safe operations.

95. 88
7.4 FUEL AND GAS SUPPLY
7.4.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE CONSULTANT
As per the TOR revisions of the section on Fuel and Gas Supply will be based on the
followings:
a. Comments and suggestions made by the users of BNBC-1993 on this chapter within
Bangladesh.
b. Examining this chapter with similar chapters of other codes such as National Building
Code of India-2005, Euro Codes: 2003, International Building Code: 2009, US Codes
etc. with latest issues.
c. Examining this chapter in the light of
• NFPA 58-2008 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
• NFPA 54 – National Fuel Gas Code, 2009 Edn.
• 2009 – International Fuel Gas Code (R)
d. Revised rules and regulations of the Gas Transmission and Distribution Companies
of Bangladesh (Titas, Bakhrabad, Jalalabad, Pashchimanchal, RPGCL) for use of
natural gas and LPG inside consumer’s premise.
7.4.2 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
i. National Building Code of India-2005 (Section 2: Gas Supply of Part:9 Plumbing
Services).
ii. National Fuel Gas Code of ANSI (1974: edn.)
iii. NFPA 58-1989
7.4.3 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
i. Comments and suggestions made by the users of BNBC-1993 on this chapter within
Bangladesh (to be provided by HBR).
ii. NFPA 54-National Fuel Gas Code, 2009 Edn.
iii. NFPA 58-2008 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
iv. International Fuel Gas Code-2009
v. Revised rules and regulations of the Gas Transmission and Distribution Companies in
Bangladesh (Titas, Bakhrabad, Jalalabad, Pashchimanchal, RPGCL of Bangladesh) for
use of natural gas and LPG inside consumer’s premise.

96. 89
7.4.4 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
National Building Code of India-2005 includes a separate section on fuel gas supply while
other codes such as Euro-Codes 2003, International Building Code 2009 plus national codes
of countries like Australia etc. do not have a separate section on fuel gas supply and have
suggested the use of respective National Gas Codes or International Fuel Gas Codes.
National Building Code of India has adopted the relevant sections or clauses of National Fuel
Gas Code of USA with little or no change. In respect of maximum working pressure for
piping system, the gas pressure is 2.1 kPa for domestic consumers and 10kPa, 30kPa, 200
kPa for commercial consumers while the main distribution source is at 400 kPa and the
maximum operating pressure for domestic use as per BNBC-93 is 3.45 kPa.
The section on the use LPG has been revised but content wise consistent with BNBC-93.
7.4.5 REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
Part 8 under the title “Building Services” of BNBC-1993 contains the chapter 8 that deals
with Fuel Gas Supply. This chapter covers the requirements for safe use of fuel gases such
as natural gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the vapor phase used for fuel or lighting
purposes. The requirements include: design, fabrication, installation, test, operation,
inspection and maintenance inside a consumer’s premise and the requirements do not apply
to industrial installation and applications.
When this chapter was prepared, the requirements of National Fuel Gas Code of ANSI (1974
edition) and NFPA 58-1989 of USA were incorporated for use. At the same time, rules and
regulations of the local gas companies were also incorporated and these companies had
their rules and regulations based on National Fuel Gas Code of ANSI (1974 edition) and
NFPA 58 of USA.
7.4.6 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE
This part will have the same structure of BNBC-93 and this will be modified/updated in line
with NFPA-54, NFPA-58 and International Fuel Gas Code using the latest editions.
7.5 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
7.5.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE SUB-GROUP
a) Review of works related to updating of the articles in chapter 6 and chapter 7 of
BNBC93.

97. 90
b) review of the articles, information, data etc. to be modified, included in the BNBC or
omitted from it as required .
c) Collection and reviewing national and international documents relevant of the
subjects concerned.
d) Prepare inception report on updating approaches.
e) Prepare the draft copy of concerned part of BNBC.
f) Finalize the concerned part of updated BNBC.
7.5.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANTS
PROF. FAROOQUE AHMED: (SENIOR PLUMBING ENGINEER)
a) Collect and review documents on water supply and Sanitation.
b) Review of the articles, information, data etc. to be modified, included in the BNBC or
omitted from it as required.
c) Finalize the draft copy of the concerned part of the updated BNBC.
SYED AZIZUL HAQ, PENG: (PLUMBING ENGINEER)
a) Collection and review documents on codes of plumbing
b) Point out the articles, information, data etc. to be modified, included in or omitted
from the BNBC’93.
c) Furnish draft copy of concerned part of updated BNBC.
7.5.3 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
Following documents have been collected.
i. National Building Code of India 2005
ii. Uniform Plumbing Code 2003, Seventh print in February 2006.
7.5.4 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
Following document will be collected.
• Uniform Plumbing Code 2009.
7.5.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
REVIEW OF UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE 2003
This code is an exclusive code on Plumbing which was revealed first in February 2003 and
its 7th printing made in February 2006. This code has covered almost all aspects of
plumbing. The special aspects those have been covered here but not in BNBC93 are codes
regarding Indirect Special Wastes and Storage of plumbing materials. Considering our socio-

98. 91
economic condition we may not consider the provisions for indirect or special wastes.
Storage of plumbing material may be included partially for the safety and economy point of
views.
In this code many plumbing fixtures and items have been included which might be found in
our perspective to be more ambitious or very limited. So adoption of code regarding those
items might make little sense.
This code will be very helpful in providing guidelines for determination of sizes of pipes and
plumbing appliances very precisely.
REVIEW OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE, INDIA 2005
National Building Code of India 2005 has furnished materials covering all aspects building
development which is still effective. In this code Water supply, Drainage and Sanitation have
been covered in Part 9 as Plumbing Services. In these chapters Solid Waste Management has
also been included.
From the technological advancement points of view the relevant codes are close to our
existing codes with little exceptions. The water demand for buildings and requirement of
plumbing fixtures provided herein are found to be adaptive in our perspective with very little
modifications where necessary. The plumbing figures furnished in the chapters are found to
be very effective for understanding. The refuse Chute System for solid waste management
found to be inadequate.
7.5.6 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
The code regarding water supply and sanitary drainage works have been furnished in
chapter 6 and Chapter 7. Some Codes regarding rain water storage and storm drainage have
been included in the sanitary drainage part.
In the present context the concerned chapters of BNBC 93 have now been found to be out
dated due to absence of guide lines regarding new products, methodologies and systems
that have been adopted in various international codes of practices.
After having the preliminary review it has been decided that following modifications,
omissions and new inclusions may be made in the concerned chapters.

99. 92
CHAPTER 6: WATER SUPPLY:
A. Modifications.
Section 6.3: Permit for water connection from water supply authority should be more
specific and procedure should be simple as present practice adopted by City Corporations
and Municipalities.
Section 6.4: Qualification and experience for obtaining plumbing license should be more
specific.
Section 6.5: Water requirement for domestic uses may be modified/ classified on the basis
of socio- economic status. Moreover, various other water consumptions like in gardening,
car washing, laundry etc. may be incorporated.
Section 6.7: Capacity of roof storage tank and ground or underground storage tanks may be
based on more details data and specific code.
Section 6.8: Design of distribution system should be made more elaborate and detailed.
Section 6.9: For protection against any possible contamination, color coding of non potable
water may be made more definite.
Section 6.10.1: Guidelines regarding installation of pressure reducing valves may be made
more acceptable by incorporating bypass system and limiting range of pressure
reduction by individual PRV.
Section 6.10.2: Methods for recirculation of wastewater may be written more elaborately.
Section 6.11: Minimum hot water pipe size may be suggested as 12 mm.
Section 6.15: Inspection, Testing and Completion Certificate may be more elaborate
B. Inclusions
i. Inclusion in existing articles (paragraph)
Section 6.6: Water supply system incorporating booster pumps may be incorporated.
Section 6.7: Storage tanks other than masonry or RCC tank like plastic and Stainless steel
tanks may be included.
Section 6.8: For the design of distribution system more design tables should be
incorporated.
Section 6.11: Hot water requirement may be specified.
Section 6.11.6.2: Circulation type hot water supply system may be elaborated and specified..

100. 93
Section 6.12: uPVC, PPR plastic pipe in water supply and distribution may be included
ii. Inclusion as new articles
I. Water saving appliances and faucets may be included.
II. Guidelines for water conditioning and disinfecting may be incorporated.
III. Guidelines regarding rainwater storage and supply may be included.
IV. Guidelines regarding storage of pipes and other elements may be included.
C. Omissions.
Section 6.12: Asbestos Cement and gray iron pipe in water supply and distribution shall be
omitted.
Following modifications, omissions and new inclusions may be made in this chapter
CHAPTER 7: DRAINAGE AND SANITATION:
Following modifications, omissions and new inclusions may be made in this chapter
A. Modifications.
Section 7.5: Licensing of Plumber may be more details
Section 7.6: Minimum number of fixture requirement may be modified considering local
socio-economic status, culture and religion.
Section 7.9:
a. Design considerations may be written more specifically.
b. Provisions for physically handicapped persons may be written in separate
paragraph and more details may be incorporated.
c. Installation of drainage system may be written in a separate paragraph.
d. Guidelines regarding designing of sewage disposal elements of sanitary drainage
system including building drains, sewers, inspection pits, septic tanks and disposal
fields or soak wells etc. may be written separately and more elaborately.
Section 7.9.10: Rainwater drainage may be written in separate chapter and may be
numbered as chapter 8 and may be named as Rainwater Management.
Section 7.10: Guidelines regarding designing of drainage elements in plumbing may be
written more elaborately. e.g. designing branch drain pipes; stacks, building sewers etc.
Section 7.12: Refuse chute system may be more elaborated

101. 94
B. Inclusions
i. Inclusion in existing paragraphs
Section 7.6: Plastic appliances may be included. Euro standard may be adopted instead of
ASTM.
Section 7.9: Developed Single stack system called Sovent system may be incorporated.
Section 7.11: Guidelines regarding installation of drainage pipes may be incorporated.
Height of stack vents may be specified. Paragraph may be renamed as “Installation and
construction of sanitary drainage elements”.
ii. Inclusion as new paragraphs
a. Imhoff tank system
b. Grease separators in plumbing and sanitation system
c. Basement drainage
d. Sewage pumping.
D. Omissions
Section 7.7: Galvanized steel pipe in drainage may be omitted.
7.5.7 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
• The existing structure of the chapter 6 and Chapter 7 of BNBC 1993 will be kept as
these were previously.
• The articles regarding rainwater and storm water may be dropped from these
chapters and a new chapter may be written named as Rainwater Management.
• Tentative structure of this part may be as follows.
Chapter 6: Water Supply
Chapter 7: Drainage and Sanitation
Chapter 8: Rainwater Management.
7.6 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
7.6.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE CONSULTANT
a. Propose suitable building code for data cabling (Computer Network Cabling).
b. Propose suitable building code for building surveillances and hazard alarm system.
c. Propose suitable building code for building access control system.

102. 95
d. Prepare an electrical version of the Code with keyword search capability and submit
master CD copies of the same.
e. Prepare a version of the Code suitable for download and print by eligible users from
the government website.
f. Upload the download and printable version of the Code to the government website
g. Prepare a version of the Code suitable for browse and search by eligible users from
the government website.
h. Upload the browse and searchable version of the Code to the government website.
7.6.2 COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS
• Consultant searched for data cabling, surveillances, hazard signaling, and access
control code documents. No document has been found yet. The search will be
continued. If no existing code is available, new codes will be proposed by the
consultant.
• Software tools for preparing different versions of the Code are being searched.
Several options have been found. Further investigations are required on the software
tools to choose the most appropriate and economical one.
• An application software will be needed to make the Code browse and searchable in
the Internet.
7.6.3 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
A new chapter on IT services may be appended in Part 8, ‘Building Services.’ The following
topics may be covered in that chapter.
• Data Cabling Code
• Building Surveillances and Hazard Alarm Code
• Building Access Control Code

103. 96
TENTATIVE STRUCTURE AND TABLE OF
CONTENTS OF THE UPDATED CODE
8.1 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE UPDATED CODE
Over-all structure of the updated will be similar to the BNBC 1993. There will be 10 Parts as
in the previous version. However, instead of a single volume these 10 Parts may be
produced in three separate volumes as below:
Volume 1: Parts 1-4
Volume 2: Parts 5-6
Volume 3: Parts 7-10
Some omissions as well as additions have been proposed to the chapters of the BNBC 1993.
Planning and Environmental aspects have been included as separate chapters in Part 2. Part
3 has a new chapter on Energy Efficiency and Passive Energy Design Features. Two new
chapters on Specific Requirements for Congested Areas and Specific Requirements for Rural
Areas and Remote Areas are included in Part 4. The chapter on Concrete Materials of Part 6
of the BNBC 1993 will be covered in Materials chapter of Part 5. New chapters on Bamboo
Structures and Steel-Concrete Composite Structures have been proposed in Part 6.
Maintenance, Management, Retrofitting and Strengthening of Buildings will appear as a new
chapter in Part 7. Services related to Information Technology will be covered in a separate
chapter in Part 8.
8.2 SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE UPDATED CODE
Preface
Steering Committee
Editorial Subcommittees
Consultants
Summary Table of Contents
PART 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Chapter 1 Title, Scope and General
Chapter 2 Definitions
Chapter 3 Abbreviations
PART 2 PLANNING, ENVIRONMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND
LEGISLATION

104. 97
Chapter 1 Purpose and Scope
Chapter 2 Planning
Chapter 3 Environment
Chapter 4 Administration, Permit and Inspection
Chapter 5 Legal Proceedings
Appendices
PART 3 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS, CONTROL AND
REGULATION
Chapter 1 General Building Requirements
Chapter 2 Classification of Buildings Based on Occupancy
Chapter 3 Classification of Building Construction Types Based on Fire Resistance
Chapter 4 Energy Efficiency and Passive Energy Design Features
Appendices
PART 4 FIRE PROTECTION
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Chapter 2 Precautionary Requirements
Chapter 3 Means of Escape
Chapter 4 Equipment and In-built Facilities
Chapter 5 Specific Requirements for Various Occupancies
Chapter 6 Specific Requirements for Congested Areas
Chapter 7 Specific Requirements for Rural Areas and Remote Areas
Appendices
PART 5 BUILDING MATERIALS
Chapter 1 Scope and Definitions
Chapter 2 Materials
PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Chapter 1 Definitions and General Requirements
Chapter 2 Loads
Chapter 3 Soils and Foundations
Chapter 4 Bamboo Structures
Chapter 5 Masonry Structures
Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete Structures: Strength Design
Chapter 7 Reinforced Concrete Structures: Working Stress Design
Chapter 8 Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Chapter 9 Prestressed Concrete Structures
Chapter 10 Steel Structures
Chapter 11 Timber Structures
Chapter 12 Ferrocement Structures
Chapter 13 Steel-Concrete Composite Structures
Appendices

105. 98
PART 7 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND SAFETY
Chapter 1 Constructional Responsibilities and Practices
Chapter 2 Storage, Stacking and Handling Practices
Chapter 3 Safety in Construction Work
Chapter 4 Safety in Demolition Work
Chapter 5 Maintenance, Management, Retrofitting and Strengthening of Buildings
PART 8 BUILDING SERVICES
Chapter 1 Lighting
Chapter 2 Electrical Installation
Chapter 3 Air-conditioning, Heating and Ventilation
Chapter 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
Chapter 5 Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks
Chapter 6 Water Supply
Chapter 7 Drainage and Sanitation
Chapter 8 Rainwater Management
Chapter 9 Fuel Gas Supply
Chapter 10 Information Technology
Appendices
PART 9 ALTERATION, ADDITION TO AND CHANGE OF USE OF
EXISTING BUILDINGS
Chapter 1 Applicability and Implementation
Chapter 2 Evaluation and Compliance
PART 10 SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY
Chapter 1 Scope and General
Chapter 2 Requirements
Chapter 3 Specific Requirements for Various Types of Sign
Appendices

106. 99
8.3 TENTATIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE UPDATED CODE
Part 1
SCOPE AND DEFINITION
Chapter 1
Title, Scope and General
Chapter 2
Definitions
Chapter 3
Abbreviations

107. 100
Chapter 1 Title, Scope and General
1.1 TITLE
1.2 PURPOSE
1.3 SCOPE
1.4 EXISTING BUILDINGS
1.4.1 Addition and Alteration
1.4.2 Change of Use
1.5 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURALLY VALUABLE BUILDINGS
Chapter 2 Definitions
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Chapter 3 Abbreviations
3.1 ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES
3.2 ABBREVIATIONS OF WORDS

108. 101
Part 2
PLANNING, ENVIRONMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND LEGISLATION
Chapter 1
General
Chapter 2
Planning
Chapter 3
Environment
Chapter 4
Administration, Permits and Inspections
Chapter 5
Legal Proceedings
Appendices

109. 102
Chapter 1 General
1.1 DEFINITION
1.2 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
Chapter 2 Planning
2.1 Planning for Housing, Industrial, Commercial, Recreational and Leisure facilities, etc.
2.1.1 Housing
2.1.2 Industrial Development
2.1.3 Commercial Development
2.1.4 Recreation and Leisure Facilities
2.1.5 Educational Institutions
2.1.6 Health Care Facilities
2.1.7 Religious Centers
2.1.8 Burial Sites and Crematory grounds
2.1.9 Waste Dumping Sites
2.2 Provision of Different kinds of Facilities, Utilities and Amenities
2.3 Protection from and control of different kinds of Pollution
2.4 Protection from and control of different kinds of Hazards
2.5 Resources Management
2.6 Heritages and Conservation
Chapter 3 Environment
3.1 Water Supply Facilities
3.1.1 Site Planning
3.1.2 Design

110. 103
3.1.3 Environment and Landscape
3.1.4 Maintenance
3.2 Sub-Station
3.2.1 Site Planning
3.2.2 Design
3.2.3 Height
3.2.4 Environment, Topography and Landscape
3.3 Waste disposal
3.3.1 Solid Waste
3.3.2. Toxic Waste
3.3.3 Clinical Waste
3.3.4 Industrial Effluents
3.3.5 Storm Water Drainage
3.4 Environmental Planning:
3.4.1 Environmental Planning and the Development of Resources
3.4.2 Planning of Urban Gardens, Green Areas, Parks, etc.
3.4.3 Urban Social Forestry
3.4.4 Wetlands, Ponds, Streams, Canals and Control of Heat Island Effect
3.4.5 Land Use Planning
3.4.6 Environmental Assessment of Proposed Development
Chapter 4 Administration, Permit and Inspection
4.1 DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
4.1.2 APPOINTMENT OF BUILDING OFFICIALS
4.1.3 POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF BUILDING OFFICIALS

111. 104
4.1.4 DELEGATION OF POWERS
4.1.5 APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE BUILDING OFFICIALS
4.2 BOARD OF APPEAL
4.2.1 APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS OF BOARD OF APPEAL
4.2.2 POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF BOARD OF APPEAL
4.2.3 FORM OF APPEAL
4.3 PERMIT
4.4 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OWNER
4.5 INSPECTION
Chapter 5 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
5.1 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST OWNER AND OCCUPIER
5.2 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST ENGINEERS
5.3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST BUILDING OFFICIALS
5.4 COGNIZANCE OF OFFENCES
5.5 ARREST AND DETENTION
5.6 LIMITATION OF TIME FOR PROSECUTION
5.7 FORM FOR INSTITUTION OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Appendices
Appendix A Form for First Application to Develop, Erect,
Demolish or to Make Alteration in any Part of the Building
Appendix B Form for Certificate of Supervision
Appendix C Form for Sanction or Refusal of Development/
Building Permit
Appendix D Form for Completion Certificate

112. 105
Part 3
GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS, CONTROL AND REGULATION
Chapter 1
General Building Requirements
Chapter 2
Classification of Building Based on Occupancy
Chapter 3
Classification of Building Construction Types Based on fire
Resistance
Chapter 4
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PASSIVE ENERGY DESIGN FEATURES
Appendices

113. 106
Chapter 1 General Building Requirements, Control and Regulation
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
1.4 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION AND PERMITTED USES
1.5 REQUIREMENTS OF PLOTS
1.5.1 General Requirements
1.5.2 Clearance from Overhead Electric Lines
1.5.3 Plinth and Formation Levels
1.5.4 Boundary Wall
1.5.5 Plot Sizes
1.6 MEANS OF ACCESS
1.7 OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
1.8 GENERAL HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATIONS
1.9 OFF STREET PARKING SPACES
1.10 STREET ENCROACHMENT
1.11 COMMUNITY OPEN SPACE AND AMENITIES
1.11.1 Community Space for a Single Tail Building
1.11.2 Community Space for a Group of Buildings in
One Plot
1.11.3 Community Open Space for Industrial Buildings
1.11.4 Community Open Space Zones in Area Layouts
1.12 REQUIREMENTS OF P ARTS OF BUILD1NGS
1.12.1 Plinth and Formation Levels
1.12.2 Room Dimensions

114. 107
1.12.3 Kitchen
1.12.4 Bathroom and Toilets
1.12.5 Stair Case
1.12.6 Mezzanine Floor
1.12.7 Lofts
1.12.8 Cabins or Chambers
1.12.9 Store Room
1.12.10 Private Garage
1.12.11 Basement
1.12.12 Entrance to the Building
1.12.13 Roof Drainage
1.12.14 Parapet
1.12.15 Septic Tank
1.13 LANDSCAPING
1.14 DAMP-PROOFING AND WATERPROOFING OF
FLOORS AND WALLS
1.15 EXISTING BUILDINGS
1.16 CONSERVATION OF GREENBELTS AND
IMPORTANT WATERBODIES
1.17 BUILDINGS AND PLACES OF HISTORICAL AND
ARCHITECTURAL VALUE
1.18 VENTILATION, LIGHTING AND SANITATION
1.19 AIR-CONDITIONING AND HEATING
1.20 PROVISION OF LIFTS AND ESCALATORS
1.21 SOUND INSULATION

115. 108
1.22 THERMAL INSULATION
1.23 LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
1.24 RAT PROOFING AND TERMITE PROOFING OF BUILDINGS
1.24.1 Rat Proofing
1.24.2 Termite Proofing
1.24.3 Inspection
1.25 REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS IN FLOOD PRONE
AND COASTAL REGIONS OF BANGLADESH
1.25.1 Flood Prone Areas
1.25.2 Surge Prone Areas
Chapter 2 Classification of Buildings Based on Occupancy
2.1 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
2.1.1 Occupancy A : Residential Buildings
2.1.2 Occupancy B : Educational Buildings
2.1.3 Occupancy C : Institutional Buildings
2.1.4 Occupancy D : Health Care Buildings
2.1.5 Occupancy E : Assembly Buildings
2.1.6 Occupancy F : Business and Mercantile Buildings
2.1.7 Occupancy G : Industrial Buildings
2.1.8 Occupancy H : Storage Buildings
2.1.9 Occupancy J : Hazardous Buildings
2.1.10 Occupancy K : Miscellaneous Buildings
2.2 CHANGE OF USE
2.3 MIXED OCCUPANCY

116. 109
2.3.1 Nonseparated Uses
2.3.2 Forms of Occupancy Separations
2.3.3 Types of Occupancy Separation
2.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL OCCUPANCIES
2.4.1 Location on Property
2.4.2 Allowable Floor areas
2.4.3 Permitted Types of Construction
2.5 REQUIREMENTS OF OCCUPANCY R:
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
2.5.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.5.2 Location on Property
2.5.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.5.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.5.5 Minimum Dimensions of habitable and
Non-habitable Rooms
2.5.6 Smoke Detectors and Sprinkler Systems
2.5.7 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.5.8 Fire Alarm Systems
2.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY E:
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
2.6.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.6.2 Location on Property
2.6.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.6.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.6.5 Minimum Dimensions of Class Rooms,

117. 110
Common Toilets and Staircases
2.6.6 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.6.7 Sprinkler and Standpipe System
2.6.8 Fire Alarm Systems
2.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY I:
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
2.7.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.7.2 Location on Property
2.7.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.7.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.7.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.7.6 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.7.7 Fire Alarm Systems
2.8 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY H:
HEALTH CARE BUILDINGS
2.8.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.8.2 Location on Property
2.8.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.8.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.8.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.8.6 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.8.7 Fire Alarm Systems
2.9 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY A:
ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
2.9.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area

118. 111
2.9.2 Location on Property
2.9.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.9.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.9.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.9.6 Smoke Detectors
2.9.7 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.9.8 Fire Alarm Systems
2.9.9 Stage, Platform, Proscenium Wall and Curtain
2.9.10 Motion Picture Projection Rooms
2.9.11 Sports Facilities
2.9.12 Amusement building Alarm System
2.9.13 Public Address System
2.10 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY B:
BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE BUILDINGS
2.10.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.10.2 Location on Property
2.10.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.10.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.10.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.10.6 Highrise Buildings
2.10.7 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.10.8 Special Hazards
2.10.9 Open Parking Garages
2.10.10 Helistops
2.10.11 Smoke Detectors

119. 112
2.10.12 Fire Alarm Systems
2.11 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY F:
INDUSTRIAL/FACTORY BUILDINGS
2.11.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.11.2 Location on Property
2.11.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.11.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.11.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.11.6 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.11.7 Special Hazards
2.11.8 Fire Alarm Systems
2.12 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY S:
STORAGE BUILDINGS .
2.12.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.12.2 Location on Property
2.12.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.12.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.12.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.12.6 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.12.7 Special Hazards
2.12.8 Smoke Detectors
2.12.9 Fire Alarm Systems
2.13 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY HZ:
HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS
2.13.1 General

120. 113
2.13.2 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.13.3 Location on Property
2.13.4 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.13.5 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.13.6 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.13.7 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.13.8 Explosion Control
2.13.9 Fire Alarm Systems
2.13.10 Special Hazards
2.14 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY M:
MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS
2.14.1 General
2.14.2 Location on Property
2.14.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
2.14.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
2.14.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
2.14.6 Sprinkler and Standpipe Systems
2.14.7 Fire Alarm Systems
2.14.8 Special Hazards
2.15 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY T:
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION BUILDINGS
Chapter 3 Classification of Building Construction
Types Based on Fire Resistance
3.1 CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

121. 114
3.1.1 Classification by Type of Construction
3.1.2 Fire Zones
3.1.3 Permissible Types of Construction for
Various Occupancies
3.1.4 Exterior Walls
3.1.5 Mixed Occupancy Separation
3.1.6 Basement Floor
3.1.7 Restricting Vertical Spread of Fire
3.1.8 Exceptions to Fire Resistance Requirements
3.1.9 Shaft Enclosures
3.1.10 Expansion and Contraction Joints
3.1.11 Weather protection
3.1.12 Members Carrying Walls
3.1.13 Parapets
3.1.14 Projections
3.1.15 Guardrails and Barriers
3.1.16 Insulation
3.1.17 Atria
3.1.18 Mezzanine Floors
3.2 REQUIREMENTS OF TYPE 1 FIRE-RESISTIVE BUILDINGS
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Exterior Wall
3.2.3 Structural Frame
3.2.4 Floor Construction
3.2.5 Stairway Construction

122. 115
3.2.6 Roof Construction
3.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE 2 FIRE-RESISTIVE BUILDINGS
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Exterior Wall and Openings
3.3.3 Structural Frame
3.3.4 Floor Construction
3.3.5 Stairway Construction
3.3.6 Roof Construction
3.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE 3 FIRE-RESISTIVE BUILDINGS
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Exterior Wall
3.4.3 Structural Frame
3.4.4 Floor Construction
3.4.5 Stairway Construction
3.4.6 Roof Construction
Chapter 4 Energy Efficiency and
Passive Energy Design Features
Appendices
Appendix A Guidelines for the Development of Minimum
Standard Housing (Occupancy A4)
Appendix B Suggestive Typical Termite Proof Constructions
and Preconstructional Measures
Appendix C Civil Aviation Requirements for Construction

123. 116
in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
Appendix D Special Requirements for Low Income Housing
in Urban Areas
Appendix E Special Requiremnts for Cluster Planning
for Housing
Appendix F Special Requirements for Construction on Site Line
Appendix G Special Requirements for Public Buildings
Meant for Use of Physically Challenged
Appendix H Special Requirements for Planning in Hilly Areas
Appendix I Special Requirements for Planning in Coastal Areas
Appendix J Calculations for Energy Efficiency and
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Appendix K Considerations for Renewable Energy Use
Appendix L Considerations for Rainwater Harvesting

124. 117
Part 4
FIRE PROTECTION
Chapter 1
General Provisions
Chapter 2
Precautionary Requirements
Chapter 3
Means of Escape
Chapter 4
Equipment and In-built Facilities
Chapter 5
Specific Requirements for Various Occupancies
Chapter 6
Specific Requirements for Congested Areas
Chapter 7
Specific Requirements for Rural Areas and Remote Areas
Appendices

125. 118
Chapter 1 General Provision
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.3.1 Height and Area Limitation
1.3.2 Open Space Requirement
1.3.3 Access Facilities for Fire Service
1.4 FIRE DRILL
1.5 FIRE TESTS AND FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
Chapter 2 Precautionary Requirements
2.1 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION TYPES
2.3 FIRE ZONES
2.4 MIXED OCCUPANCY
2.5 OPENINGS IN SEPARATlNG WALL
2.6 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS
2.7 ELECTRICAL, GAS AND HV AC SERVICES
2.8 SURFACE FINISHES
2.9 GLAZING
2.10 SKYLIGHTS
2.11 FIRE UFTS
2.12 SPECIAL HAZARDS
2.12.1 Special Hazards in Occupancy A : Residential
2.12.2 Special Hazards in Occupancy B : Educational

126. 119
2.12.3 Special Hazards in Occupancy C : Institutional
2.12.4 Special Hazards in Occupancy D : Health Care
2.12.5 Special Hazards in Occupancy E : Assembly
2.12.6 Special Hazards in Occupancy F: Business and Mercantile
2.12.7 Special Hazards in Occupancy C: Industrial
2.12.8 Special Hazards in Occupancy H : Storage
2.12.9 Special Hazards in Occupancy J : Hazards
Chapter 3 Means of Escape
3.1 SCOPE
3.2 COMPONENTS OF MEANS OF ESCAPE
3.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.4 LOCATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
3.5 OCCUPANT LOAD
3.5.1 Design Occupant Load
3.5.2 Fixed Seats
3.5.3 Maximum Occupant Load
3.5.4 Mezzanine Floors
3.5.5 Roofs
3.6 CAPACITY OF EXIT COMPONENTS
3.7 CORRIDORS AND PASSAGEWAYS
3.8 ASSEMBLY AISLES
3.9 DOORWAYS
3.10 STAIRWAYS
3.11 RAMPS

127. 120
3.12 HORIZONTAL EXITS
3.13 SMOKE PROOF ENCLOSURES
3.14 NUMBER OF EXITS
3.15 LENGTH OF TRAVEL
3.16 MEANS OF EXIT SIGNS AND ILLUMINATION
3.17 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY A: RESIDENTIAL
3.17.1 Al Detached Single Family Dwelling
3.17.2 A2 Flats or Apartments
3.17.3 A3 Mess, Boarding Houses, Dormitories and Hostels
3.17.4 Minimum Standard Housing
3.17.5 AS Hotels and Lodging Houses
3.18 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY B: EDUCATIONAL
3.19 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY C: INSTITUTIO AL
3.20 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY D: HEALTH CARE
3.21 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY E: ASSEMBLY
3.22 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY F : BUSINESS
AND MERCANTILE
3.23 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY G: INDUSTRIAL
3.24 EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY H: STORAGE
3.25 EXIT ~QUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY J : HAZARDOUS
Chapter 4 Equipment and In-built Facilities
4.1 SCOPE
4.2 FIRE PROTECTION PLUMBING
4.2.1 Water Requirement for Interior Fire protection

128. 121
4.2.2 Water Sources for Fire Protection
4.2.3 Design Consideration for Standpipe and Hose System
4.2.4 Design Consideration for Sprinkler System
4.2.5 Water Supply for Fire Protection in Tall Building
4.2.6 Fire Pump
4.2.7 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
4.3 FIRE PROTECTIVE SIGNALLING OR FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
4.4 AUTOMATIC FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM
4.5 FOAM EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
4.6 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
4.7 HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
4.8 DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
4.9 WET CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
4.10 PORT ABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Chapter 5 Specific Requirements for Various
Occupancies
5.1 SCOPE
5.2 OCCUPANCY A: RESIDENTIAL
5.2.1 Occupancy Al : Detached Single Family Dwelling
5.2.2 Occupancy A2 : Flats and Apartments
5.2.3 Occupancy A3 : Mess, Boarding House and Hostels
5.2.4 Occupancy A4 : Minimum Standard Housing
5.2.5 Occupancy A5 : Hotels and Lodging Houses

129. 122
5.3 OCCUPANCY B : EDUCATTONAL
5.4 OCCUPANCY C : I STITUTIONAL
5.4.1 Occupancy Cl : Institution for Care of Children
5.4.2 Occupancy C2 : Custodial Institution for the
Physically Capable
5.4.3 Occupancy C3 : Custodial Institution for the
Physically Incapable
5.5 OCCUPANCY D: HEALTH CAREFACTLITIES
5.5.1 Occupancy Dl : Normal Medical Facilities
5.5.2 Occupancy D2 : Emergency Medical Facilities
5.6 OCCUPANCY E : ASSEMBLY
5.6.1 Occupancy El : Large Assembly with Fixed Seats
5.6.2 Occupancy E2 : Small Assembly with Fixed Seats
5.6.3 Occupancy E3 : Large Assembly without Fixed Seats
5.6.4 Occupancy E4 : Small Assembly without Fixed Seats
5.6.5 Occupancy E5 : Sports Facilities
5.7 OCCUPANCY F : BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE
5.7.1 Occupancy Fl : Offices
5.7.2 Occupancy F2 : Small Shops and Market:;
5.7.3 Occupancy F3 : Large Shops and Markets
5.7.4 Occupancy F4 : Garages and Petrol Stations
5.7.5 Occupancy F5 : Essential Services
5.8 OCCUPANCY G : INDUSTRIAL
5.8.1 Occupancy G1 : Low Hazard Industries
5.8.2 Occupancy G2 : Moderate Hazard Industries

130. 123
5.9 OCCUPANCY H: STORAGE
5.9.1 Occupancy HI : Low Fire Risk Storage
5.9.2 Occupancy H2 : Moderate Fire Risk Storage
5.10 OCCUPANCY J: HAZARDOUS
5.11 OCCUPANCY K: MISCELLANEOUS
Chapter 6 Specific Requirements for Congested
Areas
Chapter 5 Specific Requirements for Rural Areas
and Remote Areas
Appendices
Appendix A Guidelines for Fire Drill and Evacuation
Procedure for High Rise Buildings
Appendix B Fire Protection Considerations for Venting in
Industrial and Storage Buildings
Appendix C Detailed Guidelines for Selection and
Sitting of Fire Detection System
Appendix D Special Requirements of Buildings More than 20 Meter High
Appendix E Training and Qualification of Fire Management Officers and Staff

131. 124
Part 5
BUILDING MATERIALS
Chapter 1
Scope and Definitions
Chapter 2
Materials

132. 125
Chapter 1 Scope and Definitions
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
Chapter 2 Materials
2.1 GENERAL
2.1.1 New or Alternative Materials
2.1.2 Used Materials
2.1.3 Storage of Materials
2.1.4 Methods of Test
2.2 MASONRY
2.2.1 Aggregates
2.2.2 Cement
2.2.3 Lime
2.2.4 Masonry Units
2.2.5 Mortar
2.2.6 Grout
2.2.7 Mortar for Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile
2.2.8 Metal Ties and Anchors
2.2.9 Reinforcement
2.2.10 Water
2.2.11 Applicable Standards for Masonry
2.3 CEMENT AND CONCRETE
2.3.1 GENERAL
2.3.2 CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE
2.3.3 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

133. 126
2.3.4 WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
2.3.5 DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
2.3.6 CONCRETE MIX PROPORTION
2.3.7 PREP ARA TION OF EQUIPMENT AND PLACE OF DEPOSIT
2.3.8 MIXING
2.3.9 CONVEYING
2.3.10 DEPOSITING
2.3.11 CURING
2.3.12 EV ALUA TION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE
2.3.13 PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
2.3.14 CONCRETING IN ADVERSE WEATHER
2.3.15 SURFACE FINISH
2.3.16 FORMWORK
2.3.17 SHOTCRETE
2.4 Prestressed Concrete
2.5 BUILDING LIMES
2.5.1 Types of Limes
2.5.2 Slaking of Limes
2.5.3 Properties of Limes
2.6 GYPSUM BUILDI G MATERIALS AND PLASTER
2.7 FLOORING MATERIALS
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 Concrete/Terrazo Tiles
2.7.3 Asphalt Tiles / flooring
2.7.4 Mosaic Tiles

134. 127
2.7.5 Clay Tiles
2.7.6 Vinyl Tiles
2.7.7 Rubber Tiles
2.7.8 Cast in Situ Floor Coverings
2.7.9 Other Flooring Materials
2.8 STEEL
2.8.1 Reinforcing Steel
2.8.2 Structural Steel
2.8.3 Steel Plate, Sheet and Strips
2.8.4 Steel Pipe, Tube and Fittings
2.8.5 Steel Bars, Wire and Wire Rods
2.8.6 Steel Fasteners
2.8.7 Welding Electrodes and Wires
2.9 TIMBER & WOOD PRODUCTS
2.9.1 Timber Types and Properties
2.9.2 Plywood
2.9.3 Particle Boards and Fibre Boards
2.9.4 Wood based Products
2.9.5 Adhesives and Glue
2.10 DOORS AND WINDOWS
2.10.1 Wooden Doors and Window Frames, and Shutters
2.10.2 Metal Door and Window Frames and Shutters
2.11 ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
2.12 BUILDERS HARDWARE
2.13 ROOF COVERING

135. 128
2.13.1 Scope
213.2 Compatibility of Materials
2.13.3 Material Specifications and Physical Characteristics
2.13.4 Weather Protection
213.5 Wind Resistance
2.13.6 Structural and Construction Loads
2.13.7 Impact Resistance
2.13.8 Metal-sheet Roof Coverings
2.13.9 Asbestos Sheet Roof Covering
2.13.10 Interlocking Clay or Cement Tile
2.13.11 Non-interlocking Clay or Cement Tile
2.13.12 Roof Insulation
2.13.13 Recovering and Replacement of Roof Coverings
2.1314 Reuse of Materials
2.1315 Applicable Standards
2.14 PAINTS AND VARNISHES
2.141 Water Based Paints
2.14.2 Ready Mixed Paint and Enamels
2.14.3 Thinners and Solvents
2.14.4 Varnishes and Lacquers
2.15 SANITARY APPLIANCES AND FITTINGS
2.15.1 Sanitary Appliances
2.15.2 Pipes and Pipe Fittings for Water
Supply and Sanitation
2.15.3 Joints and Connections between Pipes and Fittings

136. 129
2.15.4 Taps and Valves
2.16 BUILDING INSULATION
2.16.1 Thermal Insulation and Materials
2.16.2 Sound Insulation and Materials
2.17 ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY MATERIAL
2.18 FIRE PROTECTION MATERIAL
2.19 MECHANICAL MATERIALS
2.20 ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
2.21 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.21.1 Ferrocement
2.21.2 Plastics
2.21.3 Bullahs and Wood Poles
2.21.4 Bamboos
2.21.5 Fillers, Stoppers and Putties
2.21.6 Wire Ropes and Wire Products
2.21.7 Water-proofing and Damp-proofing Materials
2.21.8 Glazed Tiles and Tile-setting Mortars
2.21.9 Refractories
2.21.10 Screw Threads and Rivets
2.21.11 Sealants
2.21.12 Joints and Jointing Products
2.21.13 Glass and Glazing
2.21.14 Asbestos
2.22 CI SHEET ROOFING AND WALLING
2.23 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

137. 130
Part 6
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Chapter 1
Definitions and General Requirements
Chapter 2
Loads
Chapter 3
Soils and Foundations
Chapter 4
Bamboo Structures
Chapter 5
Masonry Structures
Chapter 6
Reinforced Concrete Structures: Strength Design
Chapter 7
Reinforced Concrete Structures: Working Stress Design

138. 131
Part 6
STRUCTURAL DESIGN (Continued)
Chapter 8
Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Chapter 9
Prestressed Concrete Structures
Chapter 10
Steel Structures
Chapter 11
Timber Structures
Chapter 12
Ferrocement Structures
Chapter 13
Steel-Concrete Composite Structures
Appendices

139. 132
Chapter 1 Definitions and General Requirements
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 Scope
1.1.2 Symbols and Notation
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Terminology
1.2.2 Basic Considerations
1.2.3 Buildings and Structures
1.2.4 Structural Importance Category
1.3 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Basic Structural Systems
1.3.3 Combination of Structural Systems
1.3.4 Structural Configurations
1.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.4.1 Safety
1.4.2 Serviceability
1.4.3 Rationality
1.4.4 Proportioning of Structural Elements
1.4.5 Walls and Framing
1.4.6 Additions to Existing Structures
1.4.7 Phased Construction
1.4.8 Load Combinations and Stress Increase
1.4.9 Structural System Limitations
1.5 DESIGN FOR GRAVITY LOADS

140. 133
1.5.1 General
1.5.2 Floor Design
1.5.3 Roof Design
1.5.4 Reduction of Live Loads
1.5.5 Posting of Live Loads
1.5.6 Restrictions on Loading
1.5.7 Special Considerations
1.5.8 Deflection and Camber
1.6 DESIGN FOR LATERAL LOADS
1.6.1 General
1.6.2 Selection of Lateral Force for Design
1.6.3 Design for Wind Load
1.6.4 Design for Earthquake Forces
1.6.5 Overturning Requirements
1.6.6 Drift and Building Separation
1.6.7 P-Delta Effects
1.6.8 Uplift Effects
1.7 DESIGN FOR MISCELLANEOUS LOADS
1.7.1 General
1.7.2 Self-Straining Forces
1.7.3 Stress Reversal and Fatigue
1.7.4 Rain Loads
1.7.5 Loads Due to Flood, Tidal Surge, Tsunami
1.7.6 Temperature Effects
1.7.7 Soil and Hydrostatic Pressure

141. 134
1.7.8 Impacts and Collisions
1.7.9 Explosions
1.7.10 Fire
1.7.11 Vertical Forces on Air Raid Shelters
1.7.12 Loads on Helicopter Landing Areas
1.7.13 Erection and Construction Loads
1.7.14 Moving Loads for Crane Movement
1.7.15 Fatigue
1.7.16 Creep and Shrinkage
1.7.17 Dynamic Loads due to vibrations
1.7.18 Construction Load
1.8 DETAILED DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.8.1 General
1.8.2 Structural Framing Systems
1.9 FOUNDATION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.9.1 General
1.9.2 Soil Capacities
1.9.3 Superstructure-to-foundation Connection
1.9.4 Foundation-soil Interface
1.9.5 Special Requirements for Footings, Piles and
Caissons in seismic Zones 2 and 3
1.9.6 Retaining Wall Design
1.10 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REVIEW
1.10.1 Design Document
1.10.2 Design Review

142. 135
1.10.3 Construction Observation
Chapter 2 Loads
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 Scope
2.1.2 Limitations
2.2 DEAD LOADS
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Definition
2.2.3 Assessment of Dead Load
2.2.4 Weight of Materials and Constructions
2.2.5 Weight of Permanent Partitions
2.2.6 Weight of Fixed Service Equipments
2.2.7 Additional Loads
2.3 LIVE LOADS
2.3.1 General
2.3.2 Definition
2.3.3 Minimum Floor Live Loads
2.3.4 Minimum Roof Live Loads
2.3.5 Loads Not Specified
2.3.6 Partial Loading and Other Loading Arrangements
2.3.7 Other Live Loads
2.3.8 Impact and Dynamic Loads
2.3.9 Reduction of Live Loads *
2.4 WIND LOADS *

143. 136
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Definitions
2.4.3 Symbols and Notation
2.4.4 Terrain Exposure
2.4.5 Basic Wind Speed *
2.4.6 Determination of Design Wind Loads *
2.5 EARTHQUAKE LOADS
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Definitions
2.5.3 Symbols and Notation
2.5.4 Seismotectonics, Seismicity and Seismic Zoning of Bangladesh
2.5.5 Seismic Design Category (SDC), Performance Level Requirements
2.5.6 Design Earthquake Forces for Primary Framing Systems*
2.5.7 Equivalent Static Force Method *
2.5.8 Dynamic Response Method *
2.5.9 Nonlinear Static (Pushover) Analysis method
2.5.10 Seismic Lateral Forces on Components and
Equipments Supported by Structures
2.5.11 Seismic Lateral Forces on Non-Building Structures
2.5.12 Base-Isolated Buildings
2.6 MISCELLANEOUS LOADS
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Definitions
2.6.3 Rain Loads

144. 137
2.6.4 Loads Due to Flood, Tidal Surge, Tsunami
2.6.5 Temperature Effects
2.6.6 Soil and Hydrostatic Pressure
2.6.7 Impacts and Collisions
2.6.8 Explosions
2.6.9 Fire
2.6.10 Vertical Forces on Air Raid Shelters
2.6.11 Loads on Helicopter Landing Areas
2.6.12 Erection and Construction Loads
2.6.13 Moving Loads for Crane Movement
2.6.14 Fatigue
2.6.15 Creep and Shrinkage
2.6.16 Dynamic Loads due to vibrations
2.6.17 Construction Load
2.7 COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 Definitions
2.7.3 Symbols and Notation
2.7.4 Combinations of Loads and Stress Increase for Allowable Stress Design *
2.7.5 Combinations of Loads for Strength Design*
2.7.6 Special Combinations for Buildings with Soft Story
Chapter 3 Soils and Foundations
3.1 SCOPE

145. 138
3.2 TERMINOLOGY
3.3 SITE INVESTIGATION
3.3.1 Purpose
3.3.2 Methods of Exploration
3.3.3 Number and Disposition of Trial Pits and Borings
3.3.4 Depth of Exploration
3.4 CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS
3.5 MATERIALS
3.5.1 Concrete
3.5.2 Timber
3.6 TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
3.6.1 Footings
3.6.2 Raft Foundation
3.6.3 Pier Foundation
3.6.4 Pile Foundations
3.7 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.7.1 Design Load and Load Combinations
3.7.2 Bearing Pressure
3.7.3 Settlement
3.8 FOOTINGS
3.8.1 Dimension of Footings
3.8.2 Thickness of Footing
3.8.3 Footings on Filled up Ground
3.9 RAFT FOUNDATIONS
3.9.1 Types of Raft Foundations

146. 139
3.9.2 Design Considerations
3.10 PILE AND PIER FOUNDATIONS
3.10.1 Design Considerations
3.10.2 Design of Pile Caps
3.10.3 Installation Procedure
3.10.4 Pile Concreting
3.10.5 Load Test Arrangement and Instrumentation
3.11 EXCAVATION AND FILLS
3.11.1 Support to Adjoining Buildings and Structures
3.11.2 Safety Regulations
3.11.3 Slope Stability and Protection
3.11.4 Dewatering and Ground Water Control
3.11.5 Quality of Fill
3.12 WATERPROOFING AND DAMP-PROOFING
3.12.1 Waterproofing where Hydrostatic Pressure Occurs
3.12.2 Damp-proofing with no Hydrostatic Pressure
3.12.3 Other Damp-proofing and Waterproofing Requirements
3.13 GROUND IMPROVEMENT
3.14 GEOTEXTILES
3.15 SOIL REINFORCEMENT
3.16 SLOPE STABILITY
3.17 FOUNDATION ON PROBLEMETIC SOILS
3.18 FOUNDATION ON SANITARY LANDFILLS
3.19 DEWATERING
3.20 RETAINING WALLS

147. 140
3.21 EMBANKMENT
3.22 HYDRAULIC FILL
3.23 LIQUIFACTION POTENTIAL OF A SITE
3.24 SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCTION, MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE
Chapter 4 Bamboo Structures
4.1 SCOPE
4.2 TERMINOLOGY
4.3 SYMBOLS
4.4 MATERIALS
4.5 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
4.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.7 DESIGN AND TECHNIQUES OF JOINTS
4.8 STORAGE OF BAMBOO
Chapter 5 Masonry Structures
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.1.1 Scope
5.1.2 Symbols and Notation
5.1.3 Definitions
5.2 MATERIALS
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Masonry Units
5.2.3 Mortar and Grout
5.2.4 Plain Concrete

148. 141
5.3 ALLOWABLE STRESSES
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Specified Compressive Strength of Masonry, f’m
5.3.3 Compliance with f’m
5.3.4 Quality Control
5.3.5 Allowable Stresses in Masonry
5.3.6 Allowable Stresses in Reinforcement
5.3.7 Combined Compressive Stress
5.3.8 Modulus of Elasticity
5.3.9 Shear and Tension on Embedded Anchor Bolts
5.3.10 Load Test
5.3.11 Reuse of Masonry Units
5.4 BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Design Considerations
5.4.3 Supports
5.4.4 Stability
5.4.5 Structural Continuity
5.4.6 Joint Reinforcement and Protection of Ties
5.4.7 Pipes and Conduits
5.4.8 Loads and Load Combination
5.4.9 Minimum Design Dimensions
5.5 DESIGN OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Design of Members Subjected to Axial Compression

149. 142
5.5.3 Design of Members Subjected to Combined
Bending and Axial Compression
5.5.4 Design of Members Subjected to Flexure
5.5.5 Design of Members Subjected to Shear
5.5.6 Design of Arches
5.5.7 Footings and Corbels
5.5.8 Design for concentrated loads
5.5.9 Design of non-load bearing wall
5.6 DESIGN OF REINFORCED MASONRY
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Design of members Subjected to Axial Compression
5.6.3 Design of Members Subjected to Combined
Bending and Axial Compression
5.6.4 Design of Members Subjected to Shear Force
5.6.5 Design of Members Subjected to Flexural Stress
5.6.6 Reinforcement Requirements and Details
5.6.7 Design for concentrated loads
5.7 STRENGTH DESIGN OF SLENDER WALLS AND SHEAR WALLS
5.7.1 Design of Slender Walls
5.7.2 Design of Shear Walls
5.8 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN *
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Loads
5.8.3 Materials
5.8.4 Provisions for Seismic Zone 2
5.8.5 Provision for Seismic Zone 3

150. 143
5.8.6 Additional Requirements
5.9 PROVISIONS FOR HIGH WIND REGIONS *
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Materials
5.9.3 Construction Requirements
5.9.4 Foundation
5.9.5 Drainage
5.9.6 Wall Construction
5.9.7 Floor and Roof Systems
5.9.8 Lateral Force Resistance
5.10 CONSTRUCTION
5.10.1 General
5.10.2 Storage and Preparation of Construction Materials
5.10.3 Placing Masonry Units
5.10.4 Verticality and Alignment
5.10.5 Reinforcement Placing
5.10.6 Grouted Masonry
5.10.7 Chases, Recesses and Holes
Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete Structures: Strength Design
6.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
6.1.1 Convention and Notation
6.1.2 General
6.1.3 Loading
6.1.4 Design Strength

151. 144
6.2 Strength and Serviceability Requirements
6.3 Flexure and Axial Loads
6.4 Shear and Torsion
6.5 Development and Splices of Reinforcement
6.6 BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS
6.6.1 Notation
6.6.2 Definitions
6.6.3 Design Assumptions
6.6.4 General Principles and Requirement
6.6.5 Continuous Beams
6.6.6 Design for Flexure
6.6.7 Shear and Torsion
6.6.8 Reinforcement
6.6.9 Deflection and Crack Control
6.7 COLUMNS
6.7.1 Notation
6.7.2 Definitions
6.7.3 Design Assumptions
6.7.4 General Principles and Requirements
6.7.5 Design
6.7.6 Reinforcement
6.7.7 Slenderness Effects
6.7.8 Approximate Evaluation of Slenderness Effects
6.7.9 Columns subjected to bi-axial bending
6.7.10 Transmission of Column Loads through Floor System

152. 145
6.7.11 Composite Column *
6.8 FLAT PLATES, FLAT SLABS AND EDGE-SUPPORTED SLABS
6.8.1 Scope
6.8.2 Notation and Definitions
6.8.3 Proportioning
6.8.4 Design Procedures
6.8.5 Direct Design Method
6.8.6 Equivalent Frame Method
6.8.7 Analysis for lateral load
6.8.8 Shear
6.8.9 Reinforcement
6.8.10 Openings
6.8.11 Deflection and Crack Control
6.9 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OF TWO-WAY
EDGE-SUPPORTED SLABS
6.9.1 Notation
6.9.2 Scope and Limitations
6.9.3 Analysis by the Coefficient Method
6.9.4 Shear on Supporting Beam
6.9.5 Deflection and Crack Control
6.9.6 Reinforcement
6.10 RIBBED AND HOLLOW SLABS
6.10.1 General
6.10.2 Analysis and Design
6.10.3 Shear

153. 146
6.10.4 Deflection
6.10.5 Size and Position of Ribs
6.10.6 Reinforcement
6.11 FRAMED STRUCTURES
6.11.1 Scope
6.11.2 Continuity
6.11.3 Placement of Loads
6.11.4 Idealization
6.11.5 Method of Analysis
6.11.6 Design
6.11.7 Deflection
6.12 DEEP BEAMS
6.12.1 Notation
6.12.2 General
6.12.3 Flexure
6.12.4 Shear
6.12.5 Crack Control
6.13 REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS
6.13.1 Notation
6.13.2 General
6.13.3 Empirical Design Method
6.13.4 Walls Designed as Compression Members
6.13.5 Walls as Grade Beams
6.13.6 Moment
6.13.7 Shear

154. 147
6.13.8 Minimum Reinforcement
6.13.9 Crack Control
6.14 FOOTINGS
6.14.1 Notation
6.14.2 General
6.14.3 Moment
6.14.4 Shear
6.14.5 Development of Reinforcement
6.14.6 Transfer of Force at Base
6.14.7 Sloped or Stepped Footings
6.14.8 Combined Footings and Mats
6.14.9 Precast Pile
6.14.10 Cast-in-situ Pile
6.14.11 Pile Cap
6.14.12 Crack Control
6.15 STAIRS
6.15.1 Definitions and Notations
6.15.2 Dog Legged and Open Well Stair
6.15.3 Free Standing Stair
6.15.4 Helicoidal Stair
6.15.5 Sawtooth Stair
5.15.6 Spiral Stairs
6.15.7 Deflection
6.16 SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATES
6.16.1 Notation

155. 148
6.16.2 Scope
6.16.3 Definitions
6.16.4 Design
6.16.5 Strength of Material
6.16.6 Shell Reinforcement
6.16.7 Construction
6.16.8 Crack Control
6.17 PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
6.17.1 Notation
6.17.2 General
6.17.3 Design
6.17.4 Detailing
6.17.5 Identification and Marking
6.17.6 Transportation, Storage and Erection
6.17.7 Composite Construction
6.18 Structural Design for Fire Protection
6.18.1 General
6.18.2 Basis of design
6.18.3 Material properties
6.18.4 Design procedures
6.18.5 Design Solutions
6.18.6 High strength concrete (HSC)
Chapter 7 Reinforced Concrete Structures: Working Stress Design
7.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - GENERAL CONSIDERATION

156. 149
7.1.1 Notation
7.1.2 Design Methods
7.1.3 Design Assumptions
7.1.4 Loading
7.1.5 Stiffness
7.1.6 Span Length
7.1.7 Arrangement of Live Loads
7.1.8 Floor Finish
7.1.9 Allowable Stresses in Concrete
7.1.10 Allowable Stresses in Reinforcement
7.1.11 Allowable Stresses for Wind and Earthquake Forces
7.1.12 Development and Splices of Reinforcement
7.2 Serviceability Requirements
7.3 Flexure and Axial Loads
7.4 Shear and Torsion
7.5 Development and Splices of Reinforcement
7.6 BEAMS AND ONE- WAY SLABS
7.6.1 Notation
7.6.2 Span Length
7.6.3 Design Assumptions
7.6.4 General Principles and Requirements
7.6.5 Continuous Beams
7.6.6 Design for Flexure
7.6.7 Shear and Torsion
7.6.8 Reinforcement

157. 150
7.6.9 Crack Control
7.6.10 Deflection
7.8 COLUMNS
7.8.1 Definitions and Notation
7.8.2 Design Assumptions
7.8.3 General Principles and Requirements
7.8.4 Slenderness Effects
7.8.5 Reinforcement
7.8.6 Columns subjected to bi-axial bending
7.9 FLAT PLATES, FLAT SLABS AND EDGE-SUPPORTED SLABS
7.10 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OF TWO-WAY EDGE-SUPPORTED SLABS
7.11 RIBBED AND HOLLOW SLABS
7.12 FRAMED STRUCTURES
7.13 DEEP BEAMS
7.13.1 Notation
7.13.2 General
7.13.3 Flexure
7.13.4 Shear
7.13.5 Crack Control
7.14 REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS
7.15 FOOTINGS
7.16 STAIRS
7.17 SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATES
7.18 PRECAST CONSTRUCTION *

158. 151
Chapter 8 Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
8.1 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
8.1.1 Notation
8.1.2 Standard Hooks
8.1.3 Minimum Bend Diameters
8.1.4 Bending
8.1.5 Surface Conditions of Reinforcement
8.1.6 Placing of Reinforcement
8.1.7 Spacing of Reinforcement
8.1.8 Exposure Condition and Cover to Reinforcement
8.1.9 Reinforcement Details for Columns
8.1.10 Lateral Reinforcement for Columns
8.1.11 Lateral Reinforcement for Beams
8.1.12 Joints
8.1.13 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
8.1.14 Requirements for Structural Integrity
8.2 DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT
8.2.1 Notation
8.2.2 Development of Reinforcement - General
8.2.3 Development of Deformed Bars in Tension
8.2.4 Development of Deformed Bars in Compression
8.2.5 Development of Bundled Bars
8.2.6 Development of Standard Hooks in Tension
8.2.7 Development of Flexural Reinforcement - General
8.2.8 Development of Positive Moment Reinforcement

159. 152
8.2.9 Development of Negative Moment Reinforcement
8.2.10 Development of Shear Reinforcement
8.2.11 Development of Plain Bars
8.2.12 Splices of Reinforcement - General
8.2.13 Splices of Deformed Bars in Tension
8.2.14 Splices of Deformed Bars in Compression
8.2.15 Special Splice Requirements for Columns
8.2.16 Splices of Plain Bars
8.2.17 Mechanical Anchorage
8.3 SPECIAL PROVISION FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
8.3.1 Notation
8.3.2 Definitions
8.3.3 General requirements
8.3.4 Flexural members of special moment frames
8.3.5 Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load
8.3.6 Joints of special moment frames
8.3.7 Special moment frames constructed using precast concrete
8.3.8 Special reinforced concrete structural walls and coupling beams
8.3.9 Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete
8.3.10 Special diaphragms and trusses
8.3.11 Foundations
8.3.12 Frame members not proportioned to resist forces induced by earthquake motions
8.3.13 Requirements for intermediate moment frames
8.3.14 Intermediate precast structural walls

160. 153
Chapter 9 Prestressed Concrete Structures
9.1 NOTATION
9.2 SCOPE
9.3 DEFINITIONS
9.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
9.5 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS
9.6 SHAPE SELECTION
9.7 CONTROL OF DEFLECTIONS
9.8 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MEMBERS
9.9 ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRESSES IN CONCRETE FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS
9.10 ALLOWABLE COMPRESSIVE STRESSES IN CONCRETE FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS
9.11 STEEL
9.12 ALLOW ABLE STRESSES IN PRESTRESSING STEEL
9.13 LOSSES OF PRESTRESS
9.14 FLEXURAL STRENGTH
9.15 LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS
9.16 MINIMUM BONDED REINFORCEMENT
9.17 MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AND SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT
9.18 TRANSMISSION LENGTHS IN PRETENSIONED MEMBERS
9.19 SPACING LIMITS OF PRESTRESSING STEEL AND DUCTS
9.20 CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENT
9.21 SHEAR STRENGTH
9.22 COMPRESSION MEMBERS - COMBINED FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS
9.23 FRAMES AND CONTINUOUS STRUCTURES
9.24 SLAB SYSTEM

161. 154
9.25 TENDON ANCHORAGE ZONES
9.26 CORROSION PROTECTION FOR UNBONDED PRESTRESSING TENDONS
9.27 POST-TENSIONING DUCTS
9.28 GROUT FOR BONDED PRESTRESSING TENDONS
9.29 PROTECTION OF PRESTRESSING TENDONS
9.30 APPLICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF PRESTRESSING FORCE
9.31 POST-TENSIONING ANCHORAGE AND COUPLERS
9.32 DEMOUNTABLE PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONSTRUCTION
9.33 COLD DRAWN LOW CARBON WIRE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE (CWPC)
9.34 PARTIAL PRESTRESSING
9.35 CRACK CONTROL
Chapter 10 Steel Structures
10.1 SCOPE
10.2 DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION
10.2.1 Definitions
10.2.2 Notation
10.3 MATERIAL
10.3.1 Structural Steel
10.3.2 Rivets, Bolts, Washers and Nuts
10.3.3 Anchor Bolts and Threaded Rods
10.3.4 Welds
10.3.5 Stud Shear Connectors
10.4 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
10.5 FRAMES AND OTHER STRUCTURES

162. 155
10.5.1 General
10.5.2 Frame Stability
10.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
10.6.1 Gross Area
10.6.2 Net Area
10.6.3 Effective Net Area
10.6.4 Rotational Resistance at Points of Support
10.6.5 Limiting Slenderness Ratios
10.6.6 Simple Spans
10.6.7 End Restraint
10.7 ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN METHOD
10.7.1 General
10.7.2 Basis of Design
10.7.3 Local Buckling
10.7.4 Design of Tension Members
10.7.5 Design of Columns and Other Compression Members
10.7.6 Design of Beams and Other Flexural Members
10.7.7 Design of Plate Girders
10.7.8 Combined Stresses
10.7.9 Design of Trusses
10.7.10 Composite Construction
10.7.11 Special Design Considerations
10.8 LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN METHOD
10.8.1 General

163. 156
10.8.2 Basis of Design
10.8.3 Local Buckling
10.8.4 Design of Tension Members
10.8.5 Design of Columns and Other Compression Members
10.8.6 Design of Beams and Other Flexural Members
10.8.7 Design of Plate Girders
10.8.8 Members under Torsion and Combined Forces
10.8.9 Design of Trusses
10.8.10 Design of Composite Members
10.8.11 Special Design Considerations
10.8.12 Seismic Design Provisions
10.9 CONNECTIONS, JOINTS AND FASTENERS
10.9.1 Design Provisions
10.9.2 Welds
10.9.3 Bolts, Rivets and Threaded Parts
10.9.4 Shear Rupture
10.9.5 Connecting Elements
10.9.6 Fillers
10.9.7 Splices
10.9.8 Bearings
10.9.9 Column Bases and Bearing on Supports
10.9.10 Anchor Bolts
10.10 CONSIDERATIONS FOR FATIGUE
10.11 SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
10.11.1 Camber

164. 157
10.11.2 Expansion and Contraction
10.11.3 Deflection and Vibration
10.11.4 Corrosion
10.12 DETAILING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
10.13 FABRICATION, ERECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL
10.13.1 Shop Drawings
10.13.2 Fabrication
10.13.3 Erection
10.13.4 Quality Control
10.14 SURFACE TREATMENT
10.14.1 General
10.14.2 Weather Condition
10.14.3 Cleaning of Surfaces
10.14.4 Application
10.14.5 Protection against Damage
10.14.6 Painting Galvanized Surfaces
10.15 DESIGN DOCUMENTS
10.15.1 General
10.15.2 Drawings
10.15.3 Standard Symbols and Nomenclature
10.15.4 Notation for Welding
Chapter 11 Timber Structures
11.1 SCOPE
11.2 NOTATION

165. 158
11.3 TERMINOLOGY
11.3.1 Structural Purpose Definitions
11.3.2 Definitions of Defects in Timber
11.4 MATERIALS
11.5 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
11.5.1 Basic Permissible Stress
11.5.2 Modification Factors for Permissible Stresses
11.6 BEAMS
11.6.1 Design Consideration
11.6.2 Loads
11.6.3 Solid Beams
11.6.4 Nail Laminated Beams
11.7 COLUMNS
11.7.1 Design Consideration
11.7.2 Solid Columns
11.7.3 Built-up Columns - Box Column
11.7.4 Built-up Columns - Spaced Columns
11.7.5 Structural Member Subjected to Bending and Axial Stress
11.8 JOINTS
11.8.1 Common Steel Wire Nail Joints
11.8.2 Bolted Joints
11.9 DESIGN OF NAIL LAMINATED TIMBER BEAMS
11.10 DESIGN OF BOLTED CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
11.11 DESIGN OF TIMBER CONNECTOR JOINTS
11.12 GLUED LAMINATED CONSTRUCTION AND FINGER JOINTS

166. 159
11.13 LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER
11.14 DESIGN OF GLUED LAMINATED BEAMS
11.15 STRUCTURAL USE OF PLYWOOD
11.16 TRUSSED RAFTER
11.17 STRUCTURAL SANDWICHES
11.18 LAMELLA ROOFING
11.19 NAIL AND SCREW HOLDING POWER OF TIMBER
11.20 PROTECTION AGAINST TERMITE ATTACK IN BUILDINGS
Chapter 12 Ferrocement Structures
12.1 SCOPE
12.2 TERMINOLOGY
12.2.1 Reinforcement Parameters
12.2.2 Notation
12.2.3 Definitions
12.3 MATERIALS
12.3.1 Cement
12.3.2 Aggregates
12.3.3 Water
12.3.4 Admixtures
12.3.5 Mix Proportioning
12.3.6 Reinforcement
12.4 DESIGN
12.4.1 General Principles and Requirements
12.4.2 Strength Requirements

167. 160
12.4.3 Service Load Design
12.4.4 Serviceability Requirements
12.4.5 Particular Design Parameters
12.4.6 Design Aids
12.5 FABRICATION
12.5.1 General Requirements
12.5.2 Construction Methods
12.6 MAINTENANCE
12.6.1 General
12.6.2 Blemish and Stain Removal
12.6.3 Protective Surface Treatments
12.7 DAMAGE REPAIR
12.7.1 Common Types of Damage
12.7.2 Evaluation of Damage
12.7.3 Surface Preparation for Repair of Damage
12.7.4 Repair Materials
12.7.5 Repair Procedure
12.8 TESTING
12.8.1 Test Requirement
12.8.2 Test Methods
Chapter 13 Steel-Concrete Composite Structures
13.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
13.1.1 Nominal Strength of Composite Sections
13.1.2 Material Limitations

168. 161
13.1.3 Shear Connectors
13.2 AXIAL MEMBERS
13.2.1 Encased Composite Columns
13.2.2 Filled Composite Columns
13.3 FLEXURAL MEMBERS
13.3.1 General
13.3.2 Strength of Composite Beams with Shear Connectors
13.3.3 Flexural Strength of Concrete-Encased and Filled Members
13.4 COMBINED AXIAL FORCE AND FLEXURE
13.5 SPECIAL CASES
Appendices
Appendix A Conversion of Expressions from SI to FPS Units
Appendix B Methods of Soil Exploration and Sampling
Appendix C Determination of Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio
Appendix D Modulus of Sub-Grade Reaction
Appendix E Calculation of Pressure Distribution by Conventional Method
Appendix F Load Carrying Capacity: Static Formula
Appendix G Determination of Depth of Fixity, Lateral Deflection and
Maximum Moment
Appendix H Load Carrying Capacity of Under-Reamed Piles
from Soil Properties
Appendix I Source and Local/ Names of Some of the Species
Appendix J Guidelines for Computing the Column Interaction Diagrams
Appendix E Calculation of Volume Fraction of Reinforcement
Appendix F Common Types and Sizes of Steel Meshes used in Ferrocement

169. 162
Part 7
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND SAFETY
Chapter 1
Constructional Responsibilities and Practices
Chapter 2
Storage, Stacking and Handling Practices
Chapter 3
Safety in Construction Work
Chapter 4
Safety in Demolition Work
Chapter 5
Maintenance, Management, Retrofitting and Strengthening of
Buildings

170. 163
Chapter 1 Constructional Responsibilities and Practices
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 General
1.1.2 Scope
1.1.3 Terminology
1.2 PLANNING
1.2.1 Responsibilities
1.2.2 Temporary Construction
1.2.3 Site Preparation
1.2.4 First Aid Attendant
. 1.3 CONSTRUCTION CONTROL
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Permits
1.3.3 Tests and Inspections
1.4 PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND WORKERS
1.4.1 General
1.4.2 Protective Fences and Railings
1.4.3 Canopies, Overhangs and Platforms
1.4.4 Protective Devices
1.4.5 Notices and Signs
1.4.6 Watchman and Auditory Signal
1.4.7 Safe Load
1.5 PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROPERTY
1.5.1 General
1.5.2 Adjoining Property

171. 164
1.5.3 Use of Road and Footpath
1.5.4 Adjoining Structure and Retaining Wall
1.5.5 Protection of Utilities
Chapter 2 Storage, Stacking and Handling Practices
2.1 GENERAL PRACTICES
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Protection against Fire
2.1.3 Housekeeping
2.2 STORAGE, STACKING AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS
2.2.1 Cement
2.2.2 Steel Bars and Sections
2.2.3 Bricks and Masonry Blocks
2.2.4 Aggregate
2.2.5 Water
2.2.6 Timber
2.2.7 Pipes and Tubing
2.2.8 Timber Piles and Poles
2.2.9 Sanitary Appliances
2.2.10 Doors, Windows, Ventilators and Grilles
2.2.11 Tiles
2.2.12 Sheets and Boards
2.2.13 Plastic and Rubber Sheets
2.2.14 Glass Sheets
2.2.15 Lime

172. 165
2.2.16 Paints, Varnishes, Thinners, Bitumen and Road Tar
2.2.17 Flammable Materials
2.2.18 Explosives
2.2.19 Asbestos-based Materials
2.2.20 Miscellaneous
2.3 LOADING AND UNLOADING OF MATERIALS
2.3.1 Loading and Unloading Rail Road Wagons
and Motor Vehicles
2.3.2 Manual Handling
Chapter 3 Safety in Construction Work
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Scope
3.1.2 Safety of Workmen
3.1.3 Site Precautions
3.1.4 Site Amenities
3.2 EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION WORK
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Excavating Machinery and Tools
3.2.3 Excavated Materials and Surcharges
3.2.4 Groundwater
3.2.5 Ground Condition
3.2.6 Overhang, Slopes and Cavities
3.2.7 Blasting and Vibration
3.2.8 Health Hazards during Excavation

173. 166
3.2.9 Piling and Deep Foundation
3.2.10 Working in Compressed Air
3.2.11 Fencing, Warning Signs and Watchman
3.2.12 Adjoining Properties and Service Lines
3.3 PILE RIG
3.3.1 Erection of Pile Rig
3.3.2 Operation of Pile Rig
3.3.3 Piles
3.3.4 Inspection and Tests
3.4 CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Ladders
3.4.3 Opening in Walls
3.4.4 Projection from Walls
3.5 CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Use of Sheets
3.5.3 Platforms
3.5.4 Flat Roof
3.5.5 Openings and Holes
3.5.6 Skeleton Construction
3.6 CONCRETE WORK
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Prestressed Concrete
3.6.3 Concrete Mixers

174. 167
3.6.4 Concrete Truck and Bucket
3.7 FORMWORK AND SCAFFOLD
3.7.1 Scaffold and Centering Materials
3.7.2 Formwork for Concrete
3.7.3 Load Capacity
3.7.4 Bamboos
3.7.5 Timber Posts
3.7.6 Steel Centering
3.8 ERECTION OPERATIONS
3.8.1 Erection and Hoisting
3.8.2 Small Articles
3.8.3 Hoist Protection
3.8.4 Lifting Gear
3.8.5 Cranes
3.8.6 Slings
3.8.7 Inspection
3.9 ELECTRIFICATION, EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS
3.9.1 Wiring System
3.9.2 Guarding of Cables
3.9.3 Lifts
3.9.4 Construction Machinery
3.9.5 Heating of Bitumen and Tar
3.9.6 Flame Cutting and Welding
3.9.7 Riveting Operation

175. 168
3.10 CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS
3.10.1 General
3.10.2 Fire Hazards
3.10.3 Health Hazards
3.10.4 Skin Hazard
3.10.5 Noise Hazard
3.11 MISCELLANEOUS
3.11.1 Stair, Ramp and Gangway
3.11.2 Fragile Fixture
3.11.3 Hand Tools
3.11.4 Steel 'Structure
3.11.5 Finish Works
Chapter 4 Safety in Demolition Work
4.1 PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Planning
4.1.3 Protection of Adjoining Property
4.1.4 Precautions Prior to Demolition
4.1.5 Protection of Public
4.1.6 Sidewalk Shed and Canopies
4.2 PRECAUTIONS DURING DEMOLITION
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Sequence of Demolition Operation
4.2.3 Wall

176. 169
4.2.4 Floor
4.2.5 Special Elements
4.2.6 Mechanical Demolition
4.2.7 Miscellaneous
4.3 BLASTING OPERATION AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Code of Signal
4.3.3 Supervision and Responsibility
4.3.4 Protection of Site Personnel and Installation
4.3.5 Safety of Third Parties
4.3.6 Use of Explosives
4.3.7 Blasting Accessories
4.4 LOWERING, REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Use of Chutes
4.4.3 Removal of Debris
4.4.4 Disposal of Materials
4.4.5 Regularization of Plots
Chapter 5 Maintenance Management, Retrofitting and
Strengthening of Buildings
5.1 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
5.2 TERMINOLOGY
5.3 BUILDING MAINTENANCE
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Factors Affecting Maintenance

177. 170
5.3.3 Maintenance Policy
5.3.4 Maintenance Work Programmes
5.3.5 Maintenance Guides
5.3.6 Planning of Maintenance Work
5.3.7 Feed Back
5.3.8 Means of Effecting Maintenance
5.4 ACCESS
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Access Facilities
5.4.3 Access to Confined Spaces
5.5 RECORDS
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Use of Building Records
5.5.3 Mechanical Records
5.5.4 Electrical Records
5.6 INSPECTIONS
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Frequency of Inspection
5.6.3 Inspection of Engineering Services
5.7 MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
5.7.1 Planning of Maintenance Work
5.7.2 Guidelines for the Maintenance of Electrical Appliances
5.8 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS
5.9 PREVENTION OF CRACKS
5.10 REPAIRS AND SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF BUILDINGS
5.10.1 Assessment of Strength of Existing Structures
5.10.2 General Concrete Repair
5.10.3 Repair with Ferrocement
5.10.4 Repair with Fiber Reinforced Polymer
5.10.5 Retrofitting

178. 171
Part 8
BUILDING SERVICES
Chapter 1
Lighting
Chapter 2
Electrical Installation
Chapter 3
Air-conditioning, Heating and Ventilation
Chapter 4
Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
Chapter 5
Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks
Chapter 6
Water Supply
Chapter 7
Drainage and Sanitation

179. 172
Part 8
BUILDING SERVICES (Continued)
Chapter 8
Rainwater Management
Chapter 9
Fuel Gas Supply
Chapter 10
Computer Networking
Appendices

180. 173
Chapter 1 Lighting
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.3 ILLUMINATION
1.3.1 Principle of Lighting
1.3.2 Planning the Brightness Pattern
1.3.3 Lighting Calculations
1.3.4 Recommended Illumination Values
1.3.5 Artificial Lighting to Supplement Daylight
1.4 LIGHT FITTINGS
14.1 Classification of Lamp Fittings
14.2 Energy Saving by using Compact Fluorescent Lamps
14.3 Choice of Lamps for Different Applications
14.4 Choice of Light Fittings for Different Applications
14.5 Indirect Lighting for Various Applications
1.5 ILLUMINATION OF EXIT SIGNS AND EMERGENCY EXITS
1.5.1 Exit Signs and Emergency Exits
1.5.2 Means of Egress Lighting
Chapter 2 Electrical Installation
2.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
2.1.1 Purpose
2.1.2 Scope
2.1.3 Voltage Ratings
2.1.4 Exclusion from Scope
2.1.5 Organization of the Chapter

181. 174
2.2 TERMIINOLOGY
2.2.1 Definitions
2.2.2 List of Symbols
2.3 FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES
2.3.1 Ceiling Roses and Similar Attachments
2.3.2 Socket Outlets and Plugs
2.3.3 Lighting Fittings
2.3.4 Fittings-wire
2.3.5 Fans
2.3.6 Fittings in Mines
2.3.7 Fittings in Industrial Premise and other Hazardous Places
2.3.8 Fittings in Hazardous Places
2.4 LOAD ESTIMATION
2.4.1 Maximum Demand and Diversity
2.4.2 Estimation
2.4.3 Minimum Load Densities
2.5 CIRCUIT WIRING IN A BUILDING
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Methods of Wiring
2.5.3 Layout and Installation Drawings
2.5.4 Cables and Conductors
2.5.5 Various Accessories
2.5.6 Sub-Distribution Boards
2.5.7 Distribution Board
2.5.8 Floor Distribution Board

182. 175
2.5.9 Main Distribution Board
2.5.10 Emergency Distribution Board
2.5.11 Installation of IPS and its connection
2.5.12 Shaft Vertical Electrical Riser Cables
2.5.13 Ducts for Vertical Electrical Busbar Trunking
2.5.14 Types of House wiring
2.5.15 Conduits and Conduit Fittings
2.5.16 Service Entry
2.5.17 Electrical Distribution of an Industry
2.5.18 Installation of Cables and Wiring Accessories in an Industry
2.6 SUBSTATION IN BUILDINGS
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Location
2.6.3 Layout
2.6.4 Provision for Standby Supply
2.7 DISTRIBUTION OF SUPPLY AND CABLING
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 System of Supply
2.7.3 Equipment and Accessories
2.7.4 Cables
2.7.5 Main Switch and Switch Boards
2.7.6 Protection of Circuits
2.7.7 Selection of Cables for ECC
2.8 EARTHING
2.8.1 General

183. 176
2.8.2 Circuit and System Earthing
2.8.3 Methods of Earthing
2.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
2.9.1 General
2.9.2 Risk Assessment
2.9.3 Number of Arresters Required and Installation
2.9.4 Surge Arrester Selection
2.10 TELECOMMUNICATION AND MISCELLANEOUS
SERVICES
2.10.1 General
2.10.2 Telecommunication Circuits
2.10.3 Television Antennas
2.10.4 Public Address System
2.10.5 Audio-Video Conferencing
2.10.6 Building Management System including Car Parking
2.10.7 Security System
2.11 INSPECTION AND TESTING
2.11.1 General
2.11.2 Insulation Tests
2.11.3 Earth Resistance Tests
2.11.4 Operating Tests
2.11.5 Inspection of the Installation
2.12 SAFETY FEATURES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND
SHOPPING MALLS
2.13 PROVISIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

184. 177
AS ALTERNATE/BACK UP SOURCES
Chapter 3 Air-conditioning, Heating and
Ventilation
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Purpose
3.1.2 Scope
3.1.3 Application
3.1.4 Terminology
3.1.5 General Provisions
3.2 BUILDING PLANNING AND DESIGN
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Building Planning and Architectural Aspects
3.2.3 Building Structural Design Requirements
3.2.4 Noise and Vibration
3.2.5 Design for Energy Conservation
3.3 HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN DATA
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Methodology of Design
3.3.3 Design Data for Cooling/Heating Load
3.3.4 Ventilation Data
3.3.5 Air Distribution System Data
3.3.6 Hydronic System Data
3.3.7 Ducting System Design Data
3.3.8 Noise and Vibration Data

185. 178
3.3.9 Energy Conservation System Design
3.3.10 Control System Design
3.4 HVAC EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Cooling by Refrigeration
3.4.3 Evaporative Cooling
3.4.4 Heating Equipment
3.4.5 Air Handling Unit
3.4.6 Fan Coil Equipment
3.4.7 Standard Packaged Air-conditioners
3.4.8 Variable Refrigerant Flow Air-Conditioners
3.4.9 Window Air-Coolers
3.4.10 Heat Pumps
3.4.11 Accessory Equipment/Machinery
3.4.12 Hydronic System Equipment
3.5 REFRIGERATION MACHINES
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Electricity Driven Refrigeration Machines
3.5.3 Absorption Refrigeration Machines
3.5.4 Cooling Tower
3.5.5 Evaporative Condesers
3.6 MECHANICAL VENTILATION
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Natural Ventilation
3.6.3 Mechanical Ventilation

186. 179
3.6.4 Kitchen Exhaust
3.6.5 Laboratory Exhaust
3.6.6 Special Exhaust Systems
3.7 ENERGY CONSERVATION
3.7.1 General
3.7.2 Design Parameters
3.7.3 System Design and Equipment
3.7.4 Control System
3.8 INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
3.8.1 General
3.8.2 Inspection and Testing
3.8.3 Commissioning
3.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
3.9.1 General
3.9.2 Operation
3.9.3 Maintenance
Chapter 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
4.1 PURPOSE
4.2 SCOPE
4.3 TERMINOLOGY
4.4 GENERAL NOISE LEVELS: OUTDOOR
4.4.1 Adequacy in Planning and Design
4.4.2 Sources and Levels of Outdoor Noise

187. 180
4.4.3 Planning and Design Considerations
4.5 GENERAL NOISE LEVELS: INDOOR
4.5.1 Acceptable Indoor Noise Levels in Buildings
4.5.2 Planning and Design Considerations
4.6 OCCUPANCY A : RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
4.6.1 Sources of Noise
4.6.2 Planning and Design Requirements
4.7 OCCUPANCY B: EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
4.7.1 Sources of Noise
4.7.2 Planning and Design Requirements
4.8 OCCUPANCY D : HEALTH CARE BUILDINGS
4.8.1 Sources of Disturbing Noise
4.8.2 Planning and Design Requirements
4.9 OCCUPANCY E : ASSEMBLY
4.9.1 General
4.9.2 Sources of Noise
4.9.3 Planning and Design Requirements
4.10 OCCUPANCY F : BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE BUILDINGS
4.10.1 General
4.10.2 Sources of Disturbing Noise
4.10.3 Planning and Design Requirements
4.11 OCCUPANCY G : INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
4.11.1 General Noise Levels
4.11.2 Hearing Damage Risk Criteria
4.11.3 Interference with Communication

188. 181
4.11.4 Requirements for Noise Reduction
4.12 ACOUSTICAL REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIAL OCCUP ANCIE6
4.12.1 Susceptible Buildings
4.12.2 Public Address System
Chapter 5 Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks
5.1 GENERAL
5.1.1 Purpose
5.1.2 Scope
5.1.3 Terminology
5.1.4 General Particulars
5.2 BUILDING PLANNING AND DESIGN
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Building Planning and Architectural Aspects
5.2.3 Building Structural Design Requirements
5.2.4 Noise and Vibration
5.2.5 Shape and Size of Lifts
5.2.6 Number, Location and Arrangement of Lifts
5.2.7 Location of Machine Room
5.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Speed of Lifts
5.3.3 Number of Lifts and Capacity of Lifts
5.3.4 Door Arrangements
5.3.5 Other Special Features

189. 182
5.4 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF LIFTS
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Safety Considerations and Components of Lifts
5.4.3 Lift Car
5.4.4 Lift Well and Lift Well Enclosures
5.4.5 Lift Door and Landing Doors
5.4.6 Guide Rails
5.4.7 Lift Pits
5.4.8 Counter Weights
5.4.9 Hoisting Machine
5.4.10 Drive System
5.4.11 Buffers
5.4.12 Control Panels
5.4.13 Machine Room
5.4.14 Overhead Structures
5.4.15 Car Buttons, Hall Buttons, Hall Lanterns and Special Signs
5.4.16 Electrical Wiring and Apparatus
5.5 ESCALATORS
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Essential Requirements
5.5.3 Balustrades
5.5.4 Hand Rails
5.5.5 Tread Way
5.5.6 Landings
5.5.7 Comb Plates

190. 183
5.6 MOVING WALKS
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Essential Requirements
5.6.3 Balustrades
5.6.4 Hand Rails
5.6.5 Tread Way
5.6.6 Landings
5.6.7 Comb Plates
5.7 INSPECTION, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Inspection and Testing
5.7.3 Certification
5.8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Essential Requirements
5.8.3 Operation
5.8.4 Maintenance
Chapter 6 Water Supply
6.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
6.2 TERMINOLOGY
6.3 PERMIT FOR WATER CONNECTION
6.3.1 Requirement of Permit
6.3.2 Application for Permit
6.3.3 Permits and Approval

191. 184
6.4 LICENSING OF PLUMBERS
6.4.1 License Requirement
6.4.2 Examination and Certification of Plumber
6.4.3 Annulment of License
6.5 WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Water Requirement for Domestic Use (Different Types of Occupancy)
6.5.3 Water Requirement for Fire Fighting
6.5.4 Water Requirement for Special Equipment
6.6 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
6.6.1 Direct Connection to Water Main
6.6.2 System Incorporating Balancing Roof Tank
6.6.3 System Incorporating Ground Tank
6.6.4 Individual Water Sources
6.7 STORAGE OF WATER
6.7.1 Capacity of Storage Tanks (Roof, Underground & Over ground)
6.7.2 Construction of Storage Tank
6.8 WATER SUPPLY: DISTRIBUTION AND DESIGN SYSTEM
6.9 HOT WATER SUPPLY: Distribution and Design System
6.9.1 Hot Water Requirements
6.9.2 Storage Temperature
6.9.3 Storage Capacity
6.9.4 Hot Water Heater
6.9.5 Cold Water Supply Connection to Water Heaters
6.9.6 Hot Water Distribution Piping

192. 185
6.9.7 Vent Pipe
6.9.8 Capacity of Cold Water Storage Tank
6.9.9 Safety Devices
6.9.10 Wastes from Relief Valve
6.9.11 Drain Cock
6.10 Water Supply IN TALL BUILDINGS
6.11 MATERIALS AND FITTINGS
6.11.1 Water Supply Service and Distribution Pipes
6.11.2 Pipe Fittings
6.11.3 Concrete, Prestressed or Ferrocement Structures
6.12 HANGERS AND SUPPORT
6.13 WORK ON SITE
6.13.1 Excavation Of Trenches
6.13.2 Laying of Pipe
6.13.3 Laying of Pipe Through Ducts, Chases,
Notches or Holes
6.13.4 Lagged Piping
6.13.5 Jointing of Pipes
6.13.6 Special Care for Rat Proofing
6.14 INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
6.14.1 Inspection
6.14.2 Testing
6.14.3 Completion Certificate
6.15 PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
6.16 CLEANING AND DISINFECTING THE SYSTEM

193. 186
6.16.1 General
6.16.2 Disinfection Procedure
6.17 HEALTH CARE WATER SUPPLY
6.17.1 General Requirement
6.17.2 Hot Water Supply
6.17.3 Water Supply Protection
6.18 GUIDE TO MAINTENANCE
6.18.1 Gerneral
6.18.2 Storage
6.19 INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
6.19.1 General
6.19.2 Water Requirements
6.19.3 Quality of Water
6.19.4 Chlorination
6.19.5 Location of Water Source
6.19.6 Well Construction
6.19.7 Pumping Equipment
Chapter 7 Drainage and Sanitation
7.1 PURPOSE
7.2 SCOPE
7.3 TERMINOLOGY
7.4 DRAINAGE AND SANITATION PLANS
7.5 LICENSING OF PLUMBER
7.5.1 Licence Requirement
7.5.2 Examination and Certification

194. 187
7.5.3 Annulment of Licence
7.6 DRAINAGE AND SANITAION. REQUIREMENT
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Minimum Number of Fixtures
7.6.3 Accessibility
7.7 MATERIAIS AND APPLIANCES
7.8 DESIGN CONSIDERAIONS
7.8.1 Objective
7.8.2 General
7.8.3 Different Plumbing Systems
7.8.4 Water Closet Compartment for Physically Handicapped
7.8.5 Installation of Drainage System
7.8.6 Installation of Venting System
7.8.7 Clearance of Blockages
7.8.8 Protection Against Rodent
7.8.9 Bedding and Backfilling
7.8.10 Grease Separator
7.8.11 Septic Tank
7.8.12 Imhoff Tank
7.8.13 Disposal Field and Seepage Pit
7.9 DESIGN OF DRAINAGE AND SANITATION SYSTEM
7.9.1 Estimation of Maximum Load Weight of Waste Water
7.9.2 Gradient and Size of Pipe
7.9.3 Size of Rainwater Piping
7.9.4 Size of Vent Piping

195. 188
7.9.5 Conveyance of Rainwater
7.9.6 Conveyance of Sanitary Wastes
7.10 Basement Drainage
7.11 Installation of Drainage Piping
7.12 HANGERS AND SUPPORT AND PIPE JOINTING
7.12.1 Hangers and Support
7.12.2 Pipe Joints
Chapter 8 Rainwater Management
8.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
8.2 TERMINOLOGIES
8.3 RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
8.4 CATCHMENT AREA
8.5 COLLECTION OF RAINWATER
8.6 STORAGE OF RAINWATER
8.7 CONDITIONING OF RAINWATER
8.8 DISTRIBUTION OF RAINWATER
8.9 GROUND RECHARGING METHODOLOGIES
8.10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL
8.11 INSTALLATION OF DRAINAGE PIPING
Chapter 9 Fuel Gas Supply
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 Scope
9.1.2 Terminology
9.2 GAS PIPING INSTALLATION

196. 189
9.2.1 Piping Plan and Approval
9.2.2 Size of Piping to Gas Appliances
9.2.3 Piping Materials
9.2.4 Installation of Gas Pipes
9.2.5 Pressure Regulators
9.2.6 Rules for Turning Gas On
9.2.7 Rules for Shutting Off the Gas
9.2.8 Inspection of Services
9.2.9 Check of Leakage
9.2.10 Meter Location
9.3 USE OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
9.4 INSTALLATION OF SPECIFIC APPLIANCES
9.4.1 Cookers/Burners
9.4.2 Illuminating Appliances
9.4.3 Water Heaters
Chapter 10 Information Technology
9.1 DATA CABLING CODE
9.2 BUILDING SURVEILLANCES AND HAZARD ALARM CODE
9.3 BUILDING ACCESS CONTROL CODE
Appendices
Appendix A Maximum Demand and Diversity
Appendix B Useful Tables Relating to Conductor Sizes
Appendix C Completion Certificate Form (Electrical Works)

197. 190
Appendix D Relationship of Weighting Curves for Sound Levels
Appendix E Recommended Optimum Reverberation Time
for Assembly Buildings
Appendix F STC Ratings of Walls and Floors
Appendix G Air Traffic Noise Levels
Appendix H Frequency Values and Noise Levels of Some
Common Sources
Appendix I Typical Noise Levels in Free-Flowing Road Traffic
Appendix J Average Airborne Sound Insulation of Common
Constructions
Appendix K Recommended Background Noise Criteria and
NC Curves
Appendix L Particulars of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks
Appendix M Format for Particulars of Lifts, Escalators and
Moving Walks
Appendix N Application for Permit to Construct Water
Supply and Distribution System
Appendix P Sizing of Cold Water Supply and Distribution Piping
Appendix Q Completion Certificate (Water Supply Works)
Appendix R Application for Permit to Construct Drainage
and Sanitation System
Appendix S One-hour Rainfall
Appendix T Design Guideline of a Septic Tank
Appendix U Completion Certificate (Drainage and
Sanitation Works)

198. 191
Appendix V List of Applicable Standards and Rules
Appendix W Work on the Gas Supply System
Appendix X Documentation for the Piping Installation

199. 192
Part 9
ALTERATION, ADDITION TO AND
CHANGE OF USE OF
EXISTING BUILDINGS
Chapter 1
Applicability and Implementation
Chapter 2
Evaluation and Compliance

200. 193
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 9
ALTERAION, ADDITION TO AND CHANGE OF USE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
Chapter 1 Applicability and Implementation
1.1 GENERAL
1.2 APPLICABILITY
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Change in Use
1.2.3 Part Change in Use
1.2.4 Additions
1.2.5 Alterations
1.3 IMPLEMENTATION
1.3.1 Investigation and Evaluation
1.3.2 Structural Analysis
1.3.3 Submittal
1.3.4 Determination of Compliance
Chapter 2 Evaluation and Compliance
2.1 EVALUATION
2.1.1 Planning Requirements
2.1.2 Safety Requirements
2.1.3 Egress Requirements
2.2 COMPLIANCE

201. 194
Part 10
SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY
Chapter 1
Scope and General
Chapter 2
General Requirements
Chapter 3
Specific Requirements for Various Types of Sign
Appendices

202. 195
Chapter 1 Scope and General
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNS
1.4 APPLICATION AND PERMIT
1.4.1 Requirement of Permit
1.4.2 Exemptions
1.4.3 Application for Permit
1.4.4 Condition for Grant of Permit
1.4.5 Sanction or Refusal of Permit
1.4.6 Application for Alteration of Sign
1.4.7 Existing Signs
1.5 UNSAFE AND UNLAWFUL SIGNS
1.5.1 Responsibility of the Owner
1.5.2 Notice of the Authority
1.5.3 Prohibited Signs
1.6 RESTRICTIONS
1.6.1 Restricted Sign Zone
1.6.2 Prohibition of Advertisement
1.6.3 Signs on Highways and Roads
1.6.4 Illuminated Displays
1.7 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS
1.7.1 Maintenance
1.7.2 Inspection
1.8 LOCATION RESTRICTIONS

203. 196
1.9 PROJECTION OVER PUBLIC PROPERTY
1.10 CLEARANCE FROM POWER LINES
Chapter 2 General Requirements
2.1 DESIGN
2.1.1 Loads
2.1.2 Design Consideration
2.2 CONSTRUCTION
2.2.1 Use of Materials
2.2.2 Use of Combustible Materials
2.2.3 Anchorage
2.2.4 Display Surfaces
2.2.5 Approved Plastics
2.2.6 Draining Arrangements
2.3 USE OF GLASS IN SIGNS
2.4 SERVICING DEVICES
2.5 INTERFERENCE BY SIGNS
Chapter 3 Specific Requirements for Various Types of Sign
3.1 ELECTIUC SIGN
3.1.1 Materials
3.1.2 Location
3.1.3 Installation
3.1.4 Illumination
3.2 GROUND SIGN

204. 197
3.2.1 Material
3.2.2 Height
3.2.3 Design
3.2.4 Clearance
3.3 ROOF SIGN
3.3.1 Material
3.3.2 Design
3.3.3 Clearance
3.3.4 Projection
3.4 PROJECTING SIGN
3.4.1 Material
3.4.2 Design
3.4.3 Height and Clearance
3.4.4 Projection
3.4.5 Attachment
3.5 FIN SIGN
3.5.1 Material
3.5.2 Design
3.5.3 Clearance
3.6 BALCONY SIGN
3.6.1 Materials
3.6.2 Location
3.6.3 Size
3.6.4 Projection
3.7 MARQUEE SIGN

205. 198
3.7.1 Materials
3.7.2 Size
3.7.3 Clearance
3.8 COMBINATION SIGN
3.9 TEMPORARY SIGN
3.9.1 Size
3.9.2 Duration
3.9.3 Support
3.9.4 Location
3.9.5 Projection
Appendices
Appendix A Application for Permit to Erect or Alter Outdoor Signs
Appendix B Additional Guidelines for Signs in Urban and Rural Areas