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6. Dentrifices, Mouthwash.pptx
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- 2. • CONTENTS – Dentifrices –Toothpaste – Mouthwashes – Toothpowder
- 3. • These arethe agents or mechanical aids which are available as tooth powder, paste, or gel and used with tooth brush to cleanse and polish natural teeth.
- 4. • Purpose – Cleaningof tooth – Polishing of tooth root – Removal of stains from tooth – Reduce incidence of tooth decay – Reduction of mouth odour
- 5. • Properties ofan Ideal Dentifrice – An ideal dentifrice should assist the toothbrush to mechanically remove debris, soft deposits and stains from the teeth. – It should be non-decalcifying and nonoverabrasive to the teeth. – It should impart a polished surface to the teeth. – If swallowed, it should be nonpoisonous to the body as a whole and also to the mucous membrane. – Should have pleasant taste and odour and having sufficient cleansing property. – Should help to reduce caries, maintain healthy gingiva, improve aesthetics and reduce mouth odours.
- 6. • Qualities ofgood dentifrices – Bactericidal and bacteriostatic – Economical – Non-toxic – Properly sweetened and flavored – Give fresh and clean sensation – Removal of food strains and foreign particles – Clean tooth
- 7. 1. Tooth pastefor children 2. Whitening tooth paste 3. Sodium bicarbonate tooth paste 4. Breath freshening tooth paste
- 8. Application of Dentifrices: Amountof toothpaste or gel needed for effective cleaning is per sized dab on the top half of the toothbrush Dentifrice should preferably dispersed in between bristles rather than on the tips Children under 6 years of age should only be given half the amount of dentifrice as compared to that of an adult.
- 9. Advice for parents: Parents should make sure a pea sized portion of flouride paste is on the child’s toothbrush and remind the child to rinse and spit . Menopause - Dentifrices with minimal abrasive particles should be used. In case gingival recession -Dentifrices with minimal abrasive particles should be used
- 10. Tooth paste • Formulationof tooth paste – Abrasives – Binders – Humectants – Detergents – Flavoring agents – Preservatives – Color – Sweetening agents – Therapeutic agents – Water
- 11. • FDA requirements –Cleaning agents: detergents that removes food particle and clean teeth – Abrasives to assist in cleaning – Flavor must be pleasant and must be associated with “clean feeling” – Consistency – Foaminess
- 12. • Evaluation oftoothpaste – Test for abrasiveness – Particle size – Cleansing property – Test for fluoride – Consistency – pH – Foaming Character and stability of foam – Limit test for arsenic and lead – Volatile matters and moisture – Test for net content – Test for active or therapeutic contents
- 13. Ingredients Percentage Abrasives 20-40 Humectants20-40 Water 20-40 Foaming agents 1-2 Binding agents Upto 2 Flavor Upto 2 Sweetening agents Upto 2 Therapeutic agents Upto 5 Color/preservatives <1
- 14. Active ingredients Inactiveingredients Floride Water Antibacterial agent mostly triclosan as antiplaque agent Detergents to make foamy Desensitizing agent Binding agent Anti-tartar agents Humectants to retain moisture Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) Flavoring, sweetening and coloring agent like pippermint, spearmint, cinnamon, wintergreen & menthol Enzymes to enhance antibacterial properties of saliva Preservatives Xylitol non-sugar sweetener to reduce level of cariogenic and to enhance reminiralization Abrasives for cleaning and polishing
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- 16. • Abrasives – Alsocalled as polishing agents – Solid and insoluble particles – Potential for fluoride interaction – Cleaning and polishing – Causes abrasion – Removes debris & residual stain from teeth
- 17. • Types – Phosphates •Help the product to leave the teeth looking white & clean • Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate • Calcium pyrophosphate – Carbonates • Sodium bicarbonate: baking soda • Calcium carbonate: chalk – Silicas: hydrated silica, available in many particle size & characteristics
- 18. • Binders – Provideconsistency and shape – Help to keep solid phase properly in suspended in liquid phase to prevent separation of liquid phase out of toothpaste – Provide body to dentifrices esp. after extrusion from tube – Binder or thickener prevent toothpaste from drying out – Control viscosity and give a creamy consistency
- 19. • Types – Naturalpolymers • Corboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) • Carrageenans • Xantham gum – Synthetic polymers – other
- 20. • Humectants – Preventloss of water and subsequent hardening of toothpaste when exposed to air – Produces clear translucent toothpaste – Affect taste perception – Examples • Glycerine • Sorbitol • Polyethylene glycol • Xylitol • Propylene glycol
- 21. • Sweeteners – Asa flavoring agent – As per government regulation – Examples • Sodium saccharin • Sodium cyclamate • Acesulfame K
- 22. • Flavoring Agent –Improve taste – Important factor for consumer – Mixture of flavoring agent – Example • Mint • Fruity • Cinnamon • Own licensed
- 23. • Surfactants – Producefoam and aid in removal of debris – Emulsifies flavoring agent – May react with other components – High level causes mucosal irritation – Example • Sodium lauryl sulfate • Sodium N-Lauryl Sarcosinate • Sodium Dedecyl Benzene Sulfonate • PEG
- 24. • Fluoride active –Increase resistance to eamel solubility – As per government regulation – Soluble fluoride ion is essential for actin – Example • Sodium Fluoride • Sodium Monoflurophosphate • Stannous Fluoride
- 25. • Preservatives – Preventthe growth of microorganism in tooth paste – Non-irritating, compatible with other ingredients – Used in combination – Example • Sodium benzoate • Methylparaben • propylparaben
- 26. • Solvents – Wateras most common solvent in toothpaste – Dissolves ingredients and allows them to be mixed – Alcohol is used as solvent in mouth rinses and taste enhancer
- 27. • Therapeutic agents –One or more therapeutic agent added to toothpaste – Most toothpaste contain fluoride to prevent caries – Some toothpaste are with stain and calculus removal, gingivitis prevention, sensitive tooth and gum problems
- 28. Therapeutic agents Example Anti-cariesFluoride Anti-plaque agent Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosan, Metal Ions (Zn, Sn) Anti-calculus agent Pyrophosphate, Zinc Anti-dentine hypersensitivity agent Potassium Salts Whitening agent Dimethicone, Papain
- 29. • Herbals usedin toothpaste – Acacia – Aloe – Cinnamon – Eucalyptus – Fennel seeds – Ginger – Holy basil – Mentha aspicata – Neem – Peppermint – Toothache tree seeds
- 30. Mouthwash • Non-sterile aqueoussolution • Used for its – Deodorant – Refreshing or – Antiseptic effect • Designed to – Reduce oral bacteria – Remove food particles – Reduce bad breathe – Provide pleasant taste
- 31. • Classification – Cosmetic –Therapeutic – Combination
- 32. • Cosmetic – CommercialOTC products – Remove oral debris before or after brushing – Suppresses bad breath – Diminishes bacteria in mouth – Refreshes mouth with pleasant taste
- 33. • Therapeutic – Containadded active ingredient that help protect against some oral disease – Remove oral debris before or after brushing – Suppresses bad breath – Diminishes bacteria in mouth – Refreshes mouth with pleasant taste – e.g. fluoride or cholhexidine mouthwash
- 34. • Can havesame components as toothpaste • Do not contain abrasives • Alcohol as preservative • Amount of alcohol is 10-20%
- 35. • Types – Antibacterial –Fluoride – Astringent (containing minerals)
- 36. • Composition – Antibacterialagents – Alcohol – Humectants – Surfactants – Flavoring agents – Coloring agent – Sweetening agents – Fluorides
- 37. • Components ofmouthwash – Antibacterial agents • Cetyl pyridinium chloride: 0.05% • Cholrhexidine: 0.12% • Triclosan: 0.03% • Saline: 0.9% • Others – Cinnamom oil, cassia, clove, thyme, peppermint, anise – Menthol, thymol, methyl salicylate
- 38. • Alcohol – 10-20% –Flavor, sharpens taste, masking effect – Unpleasant taste – Solublizing agent – Preservatives • Humectants: – Glycerin & sorbitol – 5-20% – Increases viscosity and sweetness to product
- 39. • Surfactants – 0-1% –Solublization of flavors – Removal of debris – Foaming action – Poloxamer 407 & 338, Polysorbate 80 • Flavoring agent – Adds flavors • Coloring agent
- 40. • Antibacterial agents –Fluoride, pyrophosphate ions, triclosan, cholhexidine, hydrogen peroxode • Sweetening agent – Saccharin • Minor ingredients – Preservatives: sodium benzoate, Parabens
- 41. • Labelling ofMouthwash – For external use only – Not to be swallowed in large amount – Rinse vigorously around teeth and gum and then spit out – Storage: below 250C and protect from light