Downloaded 200 times
Uploaded byWaliullah Wali
Epilepsy & its management
This document provides an overview of epilepsy, including its epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and management. Epilepsy is a brain disorder caused by abnormal neuronal signaling that can cause changes in movement, behavior, or consciousness. Approximately 1% of the global population has epilepsy, with 80% of cases occurring in developing countries. While the specific cause is unknown in many cases, potential causes include brain trauma, lesions, infections, genetic factors, or substance abuse. Management involves use of anti-seizure medications like carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproic acid. Surgery may also be an option for some patients to achieve total seizure control.
More Related Content
Similar to Epilepsy & its management
Epilepsy & its management
- 1.
- 2. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO 1.Epilepsy 2. Epidemiology 3. Aetiology 4. Classification Outline 5. 5. Pathophysiology 6. Signs and symptoms 7. Management
- 3. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Epilepsy Epilepsyis a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain sometimes signal abnormally. It produces changes in a person's movement, behavior or consciousness
- 4. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Epidemiology About1% of people worldwide (65 million) have epilepsy, and nearly 80% of cases occur in developing countries. More than 2 million people in the United States -- about 1 in 100 -- have experienced an unprovoked seizure or been diagnosed with epilepsy.
- 5. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Aetiology Thecause is unknown in 70% of cases Brain Trauma (e.g. injury, stroke) Brain Lesions (e.g. tumors) Poisoning (e.g. lead) Infections of the brain (e.g. meningitis) Chronic alcohol/ drug abuse Genetic causes
- 6. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Classification 1.Common generalized seizure Tonic-clonic seizure– 1-2 min Absence seizure– 3-5 sec Myoclonic seizures– Several min Atonic seizure Intractable seizure
- 7. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Cont.… 2.Common partial seizures Simple partial seizure– 90 sec Complex partial– 1-2 min Secondary generalization-- Status epilepticus– 30 min
- 8. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Nerveimpulse propagates in the brain in a synchronous manner and for that the electrical potential reaches to zero. Pathophysiology
- 9. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Blackout Episodesof staring Involuntary movement of arms and legs Odd sounds Odd sensations Visual hallucinations Emotional changes Muscle spasms Signs and symptoms
- 10. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO 1.Medications Hydantoins: phenytoin Barbiturates: phenobarbitone Iminostilbene: carbamazepine Succinimide: ethosuximide GABA transaminase inhibitiors: valproic acid Benzodiazepines: diazepam GABA analouges: vigabatrin Management
- 11. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Mechanismof action Na+ , Ca++ Adverse effects Epigastric pain Ataxia Anorexia Dose 20mg/kg Phenytion
- 12. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Mechanismof action: Na+ Adverse effects : Vertigo Blurring of vision Dizziness Dose : 200-400 mg Carbamazepine
- 13. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Mechanismof action : Ca++ Adverse effects: Lethargy, Euphoria, Leukopenia, Urticaria Ethosuximide
- 14. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Valproicacid Mechanism of action : GABA, Na+ , Ca++ Adverse effects: Tremors Rashes Alopecia
- 15. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Diazepam& Vigabatrine Diazepam is a drug of choice in status epilepticus and febrile convulsions Vigabatrine is an GABA analouge which acts by irreversibily inhibiting the enzyme GABA transminase thereby raising brain GABA levels
- 16. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO 2.Surgery The goal of surgery is total control of seizures and this may be achieved in 60–70% of cases. 3. Other A ketogenic diet Sensitive to light, wearing dark glasses may be useful Seizure response dogs Cont.…
- 17. YOUR SITE HERE LOGO Brunton, Laurence L. et al., eds. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2011. Print. Katzung, Bertram G. et al., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2012. Print. Clark, Michelle A. et al., Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology. 5th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012. Print. Rang, H P. et al., Rang and Dales Pharmacology. 7th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2012. Print. Brody,Theodore M. et al., Human Pharmacology: Molecular to Clinical. 2th ed. United Stated of America: Mosby, 1994. Print. Golan, David E. et al., eds. Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. 1th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. Print. Goth, Andres. et al., eds. Medical Pharmacology: Principles and Concept. 11th ed. United Stated of America: Mosby, 1984. Print. Jacob, Leonard S. NMS Pharmacology. 4th ed. London: Williams & Wilkins, 1996. Print. Berry, Tricia M. Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy. 3th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. Print. Craig, Charles R. et al., Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications. 6th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. Print. References
- 18.