The document discusses principles and strategies for teaching and learning Makabayan. The main principle is integration, which involves cutting across subject lines, bringing together different parts of the curriculum, focusing on broad areas of study, and reflecting the interconnected real world. Integration also prefers questioning and problem solving over direct acquisition of knowledge, involves learners' multiple intelligences, provides a holistic context for learning, and leads to greater ability to make connections and solve problems. The goal is to develop social awareness, empathy, and commitment to common national goals through integrated units that enable learners to personally process and systematically practice values and life skills.