Thinking is the process of careful reasoning to solve problems. It involves using symbols, images, and concepts to mentally work through solutions. Thinking occurs on different levels from basic perceptual thinking using senses and past experiences, to more advanced conceptual thinking. It is influenced by many factors like motivation, intelligence, knowledge, and time limitations. The development of strong thinking skills is important for children's cognitive development.

2. INTRODUTION
 Thinking is one of the important aspects of one’s cognitive
behaviour.
 It is the process or act of thinking especially careful thinking where
by the individual seeks solution to some problem.
 It is a capacity to reason.
 It is through this power of thinking that the individual develops in
himself the capacity to adapt himself to circumstances.
 It develops through the medium of reason and it is though reason
that its form is determined.
 It occurs in limited and an unlimited form.
 Thinking for a proper psychological term ‘recollecting’.
 Scientific inventions and creations are depends up on the cognitive
thinking.

4. DEFINITIONS
 Thinking is an implicit problem solving
behavior
--Mohsin
 Thinking is behavior which is often
implicit and hidden and in which symbols
(images , Ideas, concepts) are Ordinary
employed
-Garrett
 Thinking is mental activity in its cognitive
aspect or mental activity with regard to
psychological objects
Ross

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF THINKING
1.Thinking process starts with sensation which is
organized in cognition to have the
perception.
2. It is always directed towards achieving some
purpose.
3. Thinking is described as a problem solving
behavior.
4. Thinking is a symbolic activity in thinking a
mental solution of the problem is carried out
though some signs symbols and mental images

6. HIERARCHY OF THINKING
Logical thinking
Conceptual
thinking
Perceptual
thinking

7.  In this kind of thinking sensation and
perception become operative and in it past
experience are brought into play.
1.PERCEPTUAL THINKING

8. TOOLS OF THINKING
.percepts: it is through
the medium of perception that the
process of thinking receives its
stimulus .

9. .Images
 Very often images are used as an
instrument of thinking .there are
memory images formed though the
recollection of past experiences .
which is determined through his
senses Sensory experiences i.e
seeing ,hearing ,touch ,taste etc

10. .symbol
 Symbols are presented of given
expression through pictures
words or object.

11.  1.Convergent thinking or Traditional thinking
 2.Divergent thinking or creative thinking
 3.Non-directed or associative thinking
 4.perceptual thinking or concrete thinking
 5.conceptual or abstract thinking
 6.Reflective thinking
 7.Scientific thinking

 8.Inductive and deductive thinking
 9.logical thinking or imaginative thinking
 10.Unlimited thinking
 11.Critical thinking

12. ELEVEN INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THINKING
 1.Strong motivation
 2.Application and interest
 3.Alertness and flexibility:
 4.Inteligence
 5.Limitations of time
 6.Absence of emotions
 7.Impact of superstition
 8.Incubation
 9.Knowledge of language
 10.Concepts
 11.Contact with society

13. CONCULTION
 Thinking is a dynamic
process having language as
its firm basis .The
responsibility of school lies
in bringing about the
comprehensive development
of children through
development in ability to
think.