Thinking involves mental processes such as cognition, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making. It can involve different units like images, concepts, and language. Concepts allow us to categorize objects and ideas, while images are mental representations that resemble our perceptions. Language facilitates thinking through inner speech. There are two main types of thinking: unrealistic thinking like dreaming and daydreaming that lacks connection to reality, and realistic thinking like deductive, inductive, and evaluative reasoning. Problem solving is goal-directed and may use methods like trial and error or insight.
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem SolvingBlixs Phire
Thinking
-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events. -the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
Thinking Process Involves:
Problem Solving
Problem Solving *whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation *It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem SolvingBlixs Phire
Thinking
-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events. -the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
Thinking Process Involves:
Problem Solving
Problem Solving *whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation *It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
What is Perception? what is the difference of Perception and Sensation? I hope that this Presentation will help... Credits: Professor Charmaine Maglangit
There are many different ways of thinking about human behavior. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave.
Some researchers focus on one specific perspective, such as the biological perspective, while others take a more eclectic approach that incorporates multiple points of view.
There is no single perspective that is "better" than another;
each simply emphasizes different aspects of human behavior.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
What is Perception? what is the difference of Perception and Sensation? I hope that this Presentation will help... Credits: Professor Charmaine Maglangit
There are many different ways of thinking about human behavior. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave.
Some researchers focus on one specific perspective, such as the biological perspective, while others take a more eclectic approach that incorporates multiple points of view.
There is no single perspective that is "better" than another;
each simply emphasizes different aspects of human behavior.
1. Developing Higher Order Thinking Skills
Aldwin O. Cayetano
BSeD - T.H.E. C5B
2. Thinking
Analyze, Criticize, Synthesize, Formulate conclusion
3. How to Develop these skills?
4. Methods
KWL, KWLQ, POSSE, PQRST, SRQ2R, SQ3R
5. K - recalls what they already know; W - what they want to learn; L - assessed what they have learned
6. K - record what they already know; W - formulate questions of what they already know about the topic; L - search for possible answers; Q - asks questions for further learning
7. P - Predict ideas; O - Organize ideas; S - Search for structure; S - Summarize main ideas: E - Evaluate understanding
8. P - Preview
Q - Questions
R - Read
S - State main ideas
T - Test oneself
9. S - Survey
R - Read
Q - Question
R - Recite
R - Review
10. S - Survey;Q - Question; R - read; R - recite; R - review
11. what are you thinking?
12. Thank You for listening
5 Rules of Thumb (designing HOTS classroom activities)Darren Kuropatwa
Ideas to include in planning learning activities for students at all levels that helps move them from exercising Lower Order Thinking Skills to Higher Order Thinking Skills.
Teaching Higher Order Thinking & 21st Century SkillsTimothy Wooi
Higher Order Thinking and 21st Century Skills
I. Introduction of Higher-Order Thinking (H.O.T.) and Why?
II. Bloom’s Cognitive Taxonomy
III. Why Do We Want to Teach
Higher-Order Thinking?
IV. How Do We Teach Higher- Order
Thinking?
V. The High Investment of Higher-
Order Thinking
Thinking, reasoning, decision making, and problem solving: All in one Present...Hathib KK
Thinking, reasoning, decision making, and problem solving: All in one Presentation- Steps in problem solving- Inductive reasoning-deductive reasoning-linear reasoning-
Thinking is the most important element in successful and peaceful life. This PPT is about Thinking: Definition, Types, Characteristics and methods of developing it.
What is thinking and difference between thinking and critical thinking, Characteristics, How critical thinking can be used for problem solving and the steps included, Attitude of Critical thinkers.
Foundational Models for Better ThinkingAaron Bazin
This is the example instructor material for the book, "Think: Tools to Build Your Mind." More information about the book and how to access the other instructor material is available at: https://think3062.wordpress.com/
Think: Tools to Build Your Mind Instructor SampleAaron Bazin
This book describes 190 different thinking models that that will help you think clearly in a world that is often complex, confusing, and continually changing. The book not only addresses each facet of thinking, it also covers overall critical thinking models that you can use to help improve your overall thinking performance.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. Thinking
• “All the mental activities associated
with processing , understanding
and communicating information”.
3. – Also called Cognition.
– Cognitive Psychologists study mental
activities , including the logical and some
illogical ways in which we create
concepts, solve problems, make
decisions, and form judgments.
4. • Our thoughts may take forms, including
Daydreaming, Problem solving, and Reasoning.
Units of Thought:
• Images
• Concepts
• Language (symbols)
Thinking often involves all three units.
5. Image
• “A mental representation that has
picture like qualities; an icon”
• A mental image is significantly resembles
the experience of perceiving some object,
event, or scene, but that occurs when the
relevant object, event, or scene is not
actually present to the senses.
6. • Image formation is actually “Reverse
Vision”
• Normal Vision: Information from Eyes→
brain’s primary visual area (Visual Cortex) → image
creation
• Other brain areas help to recognize this image by
relating it to stored knowledge.
7. Reverse Vision
• Information from Memory storage area →
Visual cortex → image creation
• Less gifted person and children often use
visual images to think
• Most people seem to have stronger visual
imagery, some have auditory, whereas small
number are strong in images of touch, taste,
smell and muscle movement
8. • When we imagine about things they are
not usually complete picture rather
incomplete idea of certain features of an
experience
• The incomplete images are constructed
from the elements stored in LTM
9. Concept
• “A mental grouping of similar objects, events,
ideas or people”.
• Without concepts we’ll need a different name for
every object and idea.
• It enable us to organize complex phenomena into
simpler and more usable form
• Animals are also capable of forming concept.
10. Types of Concepts
• Simple concepts are defined by the presence of a
single property, feature or attribute as RED is the
simple concept
• Conjunctive concepts are defined by the joint
presence of two or more features of objects or
events-having two or more features in common
• Disjunctive concept: A concept defined by the
presence of at least one of several possible
features.
11. • Relationship concepts are formed on the
basis of relationships among features e.g.
foul ball in football
• Abstract concepts are the one that have
no physical reality as love, hate, religion,
and feelings
• A concrete concept is one that refers to
something that can be pointed out.
Blackboard, chair and glasses
• Formal concepts have clear rules e.g.
male dog
12. Prototype
• A mental image or best example of a
category, matching new items to the
prototype provides a quick and easy
method for including items in a category
• E.g. comparing feathered creatures to a
prototypical bird, such as a Sparrow.
13. Meaning
• Denotative Meaning: The exact
,dictionary definition of a word or
concept; its objective meaning.
• Connotative Meaning: The
subjective, personal, or emotional
meaning of a word or concept.
14. Language
• “Words or symbols, and rules for combing
them, that are used for thinking and
communication”.
– can be either written or spoken
– Speaking and writing vocabulary are not exactly
the same and our speaking and writing grammar
differ
15. • Rules for language are stored in LTM
• So thinking is a kind of inner speech or
talking to yourself
• According to this idea people make small
movements of the vocal apparatus during
thinking
• Words are not necessary to think but it
facilitate the solutions of the problems as
direct manipulation of the object is difficult
20. Dreaming
• It is an abnormal phenomena of mind that does not
occur in waking life
• According to Freud it is the royal road to
unconscious
• Main features are
– Disjointed/ disorganized/ lacking continuity
– Admit impossibilities/ nonsense having no head and tail
– No critical ability/ no means of testing its correctness
21. • Show an accelerated flow of ideas, a
shift in the depiction of scenes
• Wish fulfillment i.e., gratification of
unfulfilled wishes/ disguise our desires
• Symbolic in nature
22. Day Dreaming
• It is an altered state of mind / consciousness that
occurs without effort and involve a brief escape
from reality into fantasy
• Can occur anywhere any time
• It source are fantasies that are construct while one
is awake
• It is more controlled so it is closely related to
immediate event in the environment
23. • Normal part of waking consciousness
• But frequent day dreaming could lead
to psychological difficulties as when
one is unable to distinguish between
fantasy and reality
24. Realistic Thinking
• Also know as reasoning
• Help us to adjust to real world
• motivated to reach solutions to problems involving
individual livelihood
• Three processes involve in reasoning
– Deductive
– Inductive
– Evaluative
25. Problem Solving
• “Any goal directed activity that must overcome
some type of barrier to accomplish the task”
• Involves development of some mode of responses
to eliminate these barriers
• Depends on previous learning experience and
higher mental processes
• May also lead to the development of new concepts
26. Methods of P.S
• Trial and error
– It is the process of succeeding in an attempt by
repeating it after learning from failures
– Problem is either so difficult to have any clue or
involves illogical relationships that cannot be
discover by thought
– Overt trial and error; i.e. getting solution by
visualizing it
27. Insight
– It is the sudden awareness of the relationship
among various elements that had no connection
before
– It is period of no apparent progress followed by
sudden solution
– Psychologist do not know how insight operates
but the know it is a useful approach to problem
solving
28. Steps of P.S
• Problem; one should show a concern to the
problem i.e. identification of problem
• Data; assembling the material with which to
work
• Hypothesis; driving a number of possible
solutions. While dealing with the above
mentions steps one may develop different
hypotheses
29. • Evaluation; evaluating the suggested
solutions
• Verification; objectively testing and
revising the solution
