Thoracic outlet syndrome
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•170 views
Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the blood vessels or nerves in the thoracic outlet - the space between the lower neck and upper chest - become compressed. This can cause pain and numbness in the shoulders and neck as well as reduced pulse. It is commonly caused by anatomical variations like cervical ribs or muscle abnormalities that reduce the space available to the neurovascular structures passing through. Diagnosis involves clinical tests like Adson's maneuver and imaging like MRI. Treatment ranges from physiotherapy and analgesics for mild cases to surgical removal of the first rib and scalene muscles for more severe or progressive cases.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Shoulder fractures around the shoulder
This document discusses fractures around the shoulder joint, including proximal humerus fractures, shoulder dislocations, scapular fractures, and clavicular fractures. It provides details on the anatomy, classifications, clinical presentations, imaging, and treatment options for each type of injury. Treatment may involve closed reduction, open reduction with various surgical techniques like plating or nailing depending on the fracture pattern and bone quality. Post-operative rehabilitation is important for optimal outcomes.
monteggia fracture
This document discusses Monteggia fractures, which involve a fracture of the ulna bone in the forearm combined with a dislocation of the radial head. It begins with a historical description of the injury and provides details on epidemiology and classifications. Bado's classification system from 1958 divides Monteggia fractures into four main types based on the direction of radial head dislocation and location of the ulna fracture. The document discusses mechanisms of injury, clinical evaluation, radiographic assessment, non-operative and operative management approaches, potential complications, and emphasizes the importance of anatomic reduction and stabilization of both the ulna fracture and radial head dislocation.
Acl injury
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly ruptured in the knee. It occurs from a twisting force on a bent knee and often accompanies injuries to other knee ligaments and meniscus. The ACL attaches the femur to the tibia and prevents anterior tibial displacement. Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Lachman and pivot shift tests and MRI. Treatment options are conservative rehabilitation or surgical reconstruction, with surgery recommended for athletes or those with instability. Reconstruction uses grafts fixed in the knee with screws or buttons. Post-op rehabilitation is needed to regain strength and function.
Charcot joint arthropathy and rehabilitation management
1. Charcot foot, or neuropathic osteoarthropathy, is a progressive condition characterized by joint destruction and instability associated with peripheral neuropathy.
2. It results from repetitive microtrauma to joints from loss of sensation and proprioception, as well as autonomic dysfunction leading to hyperemia and bone resorption.
3. Treatment involves complete offloading with non-weightbearing and immobilization to induce quiescence, followed by gradual protected weightbearing with custom bracing and accommodative footwear.
Dupuytrens contracture
Dupuytren's contracture is a condition causing the fingers to bend towards the palm due to fibrosis of the palmar fascia. It typically affects men over 50 years old and has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Clinically, patients present with nodules and cords in the palm leading to finger contractures. Treatment options include observation for slow cases, radiotherapy in early stages, and surgery involving fasciotomy or fasciectomy. Complete fasciectomy has high recurrence rates while partial fasciectomy balances effectiveness and risk of recurrence. Post-operative splinting and exercises are needed to regain finger extension.
Scaphoid fractures
Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal bone fractures, often occurring in young adults from falls on an outstretched hand. The scaphoid has a tenuous blood supply and is prone to non-union, especially for proximal pole fractures. Treatment depends on fracture type and stability, ranging from casting to operative fixation with screws. Complications include malunion, delayed union, non-union and avascular necrosis, requiring further procedures like bone grafting or carpal fusion.
Cubitus varus
Cubitus varus is a deformity of the elbow where there is a decreased carrying angle, causing the forearm to deviate medially when extended. It is commonly caused by malunion of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. Corrective options include observation with expected remodeling, hemiepiphysiodesis to alter growth, and corrective osteotomy. The French osteotomy technique involves a lateral closed wedge osteotomy held with screws or wires and remains a popular surgical approach. Complications can include stiffness, nerve injuries, recurrent deformity, nonunion and malunion.
Galeazzi fracture dislocation
Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a fracture of the distal or middle third of the radius shaft combined with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It most often occurs in males due to indirect trauma from a fall on an outstretched hand with rotation. Radiographs show the radial fracture and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a plate while restoring length and stability of the distal radioulnar joint. The forearm is then immobilized in supination for 4-6 weeks to heal.
Recommended
Shoulder fractures around the shoulder
This document discusses fractures around the shoulder joint, including proximal humerus fractures, shoulder dislocations, scapular fractures, and clavicular fractures. It provides details on the anatomy, classifications, clinical presentations, imaging, and treatment options for each type of injury. Treatment may involve closed reduction, open reduction with various surgical techniques like plating or nailing depending on the fracture pattern and bone quality. Post-operative rehabilitation is important for optimal outcomes.
monteggia fracture
This document discusses Monteggia fractures, which involve a fracture of the ulna bone in the forearm combined with a dislocation of the radial head. It begins with a historical description of the injury and provides details on epidemiology and classifications. Bado's classification system from 1958 divides Monteggia fractures into four main types based on the direction of radial head dislocation and location of the ulna fracture. The document discusses mechanisms of injury, clinical evaluation, radiographic assessment, non-operative and operative management approaches, potential complications, and emphasizes the importance of anatomic reduction and stabilization of both the ulna fracture and radial head dislocation.
Acl injury
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly ruptured in the knee. It occurs from a twisting force on a bent knee and often accompanies injuries to other knee ligaments and meniscus. The ACL attaches the femur to the tibia and prevents anterior tibial displacement. Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Lachman and pivot shift tests and MRI. Treatment options are conservative rehabilitation or surgical reconstruction, with surgery recommended for athletes or those with instability. Reconstruction uses grafts fixed in the knee with screws or buttons. Post-op rehabilitation is needed to regain strength and function.
Charcot joint arthropathy and rehabilitation management
1. Charcot foot, or neuropathic osteoarthropathy, is a progressive condition characterized by joint destruction and instability associated with peripheral neuropathy.
2. It results from repetitive microtrauma to joints from loss of sensation and proprioception, as well as autonomic dysfunction leading to hyperemia and bone resorption.
3. Treatment involves complete offloading with non-weightbearing and immobilization to induce quiescence, followed by gradual protected weightbearing with custom bracing and accommodative footwear.
Dupuytrens contracture
Dupuytren's contracture is a condition causing the fingers to bend towards the palm due to fibrosis of the palmar fascia. It typically affects men over 50 years old and has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Clinically, patients present with nodules and cords in the palm leading to finger contractures. Treatment options include observation for slow cases, radiotherapy in early stages, and surgery involving fasciotomy or fasciectomy. Complete fasciectomy has high recurrence rates while partial fasciectomy balances effectiveness and risk of recurrence. Post-operative splinting and exercises are needed to regain finger extension.
Scaphoid fractures
Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal bone fractures, often occurring in young adults from falls on an outstretched hand. The scaphoid has a tenuous blood supply and is prone to non-union, especially for proximal pole fractures. Treatment depends on fracture type and stability, ranging from casting to operative fixation with screws. Complications include malunion, delayed union, non-union and avascular necrosis, requiring further procedures like bone grafting or carpal fusion.
Cubitus varus
Cubitus varus is a deformity of the elbow where there is a decreased carrying angle, causing the forearm to deviate medially when extended. It is commonly caused by malunion of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. Corrective options include observation with expected remodeling, hemiepiphysiodesis to alter growth, and corrective osteotomy. The French osteotomy technique involves a lateral closed wedge osteotomy held with screws or wires and remains a popular surgical approach. Complications can include stiffness, nerve injuries, recurrent deformity, nonunion and malunion.
Galeazzi fracture dislocation
Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a fracture of the distal or middle third of the radius shaft combined with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It most often occurs in males due to indirect trauma from a fall on an outstretched hand with rotation. Radiographs show the radial fracture and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation of the radial fracture with a plate while restoring length and stability of the distal radioulnar joint. The forearm is then immobilized in supination for 4-6 weeks to heal.
Colles' fracture
Mahashin akond presented on Colles' fracture, which is a break in the distal part of the radius bone 2.5cm above the articular surface. Colles' fractures most commonly occur in young adults and those over 40 years old from falls or direct blows. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization with a plaster cast or surgery, followed by physiotherapy to regain range of motion, strength, and function. Complications can include malunion, tendon rupture, osteoporosis, and delayed healing, though most fractures heal within 6-8 weeks with proper treatment and rehabilitation.
lateral & medial epicondylitis
Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are forms of elbow tendinitis caused by overuse and repetitive strain on the tendons in the forearm. Tennis elbow involves the tendons on the outside of the elbow and is more common, while golfer's elbow affects the inner tendons. Both result from repetitive motions like swinging, gripping, or flexing and can be treated with rest, anti-inflammatories, bracing, and physical therapy.
Dupuytrens Contracture
Apply gentle pressure proximally
Surgeon: Check distal pulses and capillary refill
If no improvement:
Consider temporary arteriotomy or venous shunt
Delay closure and observe
Flap or graft may be needed
Sprengel’s shoulder
Sprengel's shoulder is a rare congenital condition where the scapula is abnormally high or elevated due to incomplete descent during development. It can cause limited shoulder movement and function. The scapular muscles are often underdeveloped or replaced by fibrous bands. Diagnosis involves physical exam and imaging like x-rays. Treatment may involve surgical procedures like Putti's procedure to detach and lower the scapula, followed by physical therapy focusing on shoulder mobility and scapular muscle strengthening. The goal is to improve function and posture while preventing complications like brachial plexus injury.
Fracture of Shoulder and Humerus
This document discusses injuries to the shoulder girdle and humerus, including acromioclavicular injuries, dislocations, and fractures of the clavicle. It describes the mechanisms of various injuries, methods of diagnosis including physical exam findings and x-rays, and approaches to treatment including closed reduction techniques and immobilization methods. Reduction methods like Kocher's are outlined step-by-step for anterior shoulder dislocations. Greenstick fractures are noted as common in children. Immobilization with a sling or ring method is generally recommended for clavicle fractures and injuries requiring support.
Rotator cuff injuries
Pratigya Deuja-
Rotator cuff injuries- Definition, etiology, pathology, clinical features, clinical management, physiotherapy management
Student's Elbow (Olecranon Bursitis) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Student's elbow, or 'Olecranon Bursitis' is a condition where a small sack of tissue over the tip of your elbow becomes inflamed and swollen. The pointy bit of bone at the end of your elbow is called the 'olecranon' and the small sack which sits between the bone and the skin is called a 'bursa'.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Volkmann's ischaemic contracture
This presentation is made to act as a guide and a short reminder to clinicians and medical students on Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, which is a medical condition that can lead to activities limitation and public participation restriction. This presentation explore aspects of the condition such as what it is, causes, how it can be diagnosed, how it can be managed and others.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
Idiopathic scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by lateral bending and rotation of the spine without a known cause. It constitutes about 80% of scoliosis cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, usually affecting girls with thoracic curves. Treatment depends on the curve magnitude and skeletal maturity, and may include observation, bracing, or surgery to prevent progression and correct the deformity. Early onset scoliosis before age 3 often resolves on its own, while juvenile scoliosis from ages 4-10 has a worse prognosis and usually requires treatment.
Radial club hand
This document discusses radial club hand, which is a congenital deformity where there is failure of formation along the radial border of the upper extremity. Key points include:
- Radial club hand can range from mild shortening of the radius to total absence. It occurs in about 1 in 30,000 to 100,000 births.
- Surgical treatment involves centralizing the carpus on the distal ulna to provide support. Additional procedures like thumb reconstruction or tendon transfers may be needed.
- Nonsurgical treatment involves serial casting and splinting from birth to gradually correct the deformity. Surgery is usually done at 3-6 months if splinting is insufficient to provide radial support.
Clay shoveler's fracture
This document discusses Clay Shoveller's Fracture, which is a fracture of the spinous process of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically occurring at C6 or C7. It describes how the injury originally occurred in Australian laborers in the 1930s who would toss shovelfuls of sticky clay high above their heads. The sudden flexion force on lifting the heavy clay could tear the bone at the base of the neck. Symptoms include a burning pain between the shoulder blades that is exacerbated by activities straining the upper back muscles. Diagnosis involves x-rays or CT scan of the cervical spine. Most cases are treated non-operatively with pain medication, physical therapy and massage.
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is the forward slippage of one vertebra over another and most commonly occurs between L4-L5 or L5-S1. It can be caused by developmental abnormalities, stress fractures of the pars interarticularis, degeneration of the disc and facets, trauma or tumors. Symptoms include lower back pain and sciatica. Conservative treatment involves rest and bracing while surgery is indicated for progressive, high grade or neurologically compressive slips. Surgical options include fusion with or without instrumentation to reduce the slip and decompress the nerves.
De quervain's
De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist caused by inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. It often affects women ages 30-50 and is caused by repetitive motions of the thumb like gripping. Symptoms include pain on the radial side of the wrist worsened by ulnar deviation and thumb movement. Diagnosis is based on tenderness over the tendon sheaths and a positive Finkelstein's test. Most cases are treated conservatively with splinting, activity modification and anti-inflammatories while surgery is reserved for persistent cases.
Presentation elbow
This document discusses various causes of elbow pain, including generalized causes like arthritis, infections, and trauma, as well as more localized causes. Some common localized causes covered include medial and lateral epicondylitis (golfer's and tennis elbow), olecranon bursitis, elbow dislocations, distal biceps tendonitis, triceps tendon avulsions, valgus extension overload syndrome, ulnar and radial collateral ligament sprains, pronator syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, osteochondrosis dissescans of the elbow, and fractures of the humerus, distal humerus, radial head, and olecranon. Evaluation and treatment approaches including conservative and surgical options are provided
Monteggia ppt
This document provides an overview of Monteggia fracture dislocations, beginning with definitions, history, epidemiology, classification, mechanisms of injury, clinical features, management, complications, and recent updates. Monteggia fractures, first described in 1814, constitute 1-2% of forearm fractures. Bado's 1958 classification divides them into four types based on the direction of radial head dislocation and location of the ulna fracture. Type I is the most common, involving anterior radial head dislocation and ulna fracture. Nonoperative treatment typically involves closed reduction and casting, while surgery is indicated for failed reductions. Complications can include nerve injuries, ossification, and compartment syndrome.
Cubitus valgus
Cubitus valgus is a deformity where the forearm is abnormally abducted in relation to the upper arm, causing a visible defect. It is rarely seen and can result as a complication from a fractured lateral humerus condyle. Causes include previous fractures or injuries to the lower humerus that result in malunion, interference with epiphyseal growth on the lateral side, or Turner's syndrome. Left untreated, it can lead to a secondary tardy nerve palsy from friction neuritis of the ulnar nerve. Treatment options range from no intervention for mild cases, to a medial closed wedge osteotomy for moderate to severe cases, or anterior transposition surgery for any tard
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to compression of the neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet. There are two main types - neurogenic and vascular. Neurogenic TOS is more common and involves compression of the brachial plexus nerves, while vascular TOS involves compression of the subclavian artery or vein. Symptoms vary depending on the affected structure but may include pain, numbness, cold intolerance, or vascular symptoms like swelling. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers and imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI. Treatment begins with conservative measures like stretching and strengthening, but refractory cases may require injections or surgeries like scalenectomy to decompress the area.
Radial club hand (Radial Dysplasia)
This document discusses radial club hand, which is a congenital musculoskeletal anomaly caused by failed development along the radial border of the upper extremity. It presents the embryology, classification systems, clinical features, treatment recommendations, and surgical techniques for radial club hand. Specifically, it describes the deficient muscles, skeletal abnormalities including absent radius, neurovascular anomalies, and treatment approaches such as splinting, casting, tendon transfers, centralization of the carpus, and bilobed flaps procedures.
Clavicle fractures
The document summarizes information about clavicle fractures, including their epidemiology, anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, treatment options, and evidence for management approaches. Specifically, it finds that:
1) Clavicle fractures are among the most common fractures and midshaft fractures account for 69-80% of cases.
2) They are often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder and result in characteristic deformities from surrounding muscle and ligament forces.
3) Nonoperative treatment is usually indicated for nondisplaced fractures but recent evidence shows displaced or shortened fractures have higher risks of poor outcomes like pain, weakness and nonunion.
thoracic outlet syndrome
This document provides information on thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). It begins with a brief history and defines TOS as abnormal compression of the neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet. It describes the relevant anatomy and compartments of the thoracic outlet. The document discusses the causes, types, symptoms, and diagnostic approaches for the neurogenic, venous, and arterial forms of TOS. It provides details on conservative and surgical treatment options.
THORACIC%20OUTLET%20SYNDROME.pptx
This document discusses thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), defined as abnormal compression of the neurovascular bundle in the narrow space between the clavicle and first rib. It describes the anatomy of the thoracic outlet and classifications of TOS (neurologic, venous, arterial). Common causes include anatomical defects, muscle anomalies, trauma, and repetitive activity. Symptoms vary depending on type but can include pain, numbness, and weakness in the neck, shoulder, arm and hand. Diagnosis involves clinical exams and imaging tests. Treatment begins with conservative options like physical therapy, injections, and exercises, while surgery is considered if symptoms persist.
More Related Content
What's hot
Colles' fracture
Mahashin akond presented on Colles' fracture, which is a break in the distal part of the radius bone 2.5cm above the articular surface. Colles' fractures most commonly occur in young adults and those over 40 years old from falls or direct blows. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization with a plaster cast or surgery, followed by physiotherapy to regain range of motion, strength, and function. Complications can include malunion, tendon rupture, osteoporosis, and delayed healing, though most fractures heal within 6-8 weeks with proper treatment and rehabilitation.
lateral & medial epicondylitis
Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are forms of elbow tendinitis caused by overuse and repetitive strain on the tendons in the forearm. Tennis elbow involves the tendons on the outside of the elbow and is more common, while golfer's elbow affects the inner tendons. Both result from repetitive motions like swinging, gripping, or flexing and can be treated with rest, anti-inflammatories, bracing, and physical therapy.
Dupuytrens Contracture
Apply gentle pressure proximally
Surgeon: Check distal pulses and capillary refill
If no improvement:
Consider temporary arteriotomy or venous shunt
Delay closure and observe
Flap or graft may be needed
Sprengel’s shoulder
Sprengel's shoulder is a rare congenital condition where the scapula is abnormally high or elevated due to incomplete descent during development. It can cause limited shoulder movement and function. The scapular muscles are often underdeveloped or replaced by fibrous bands. Diagnosis involves physical exam and imaging like x-rays. Treatment may involve surgical procedures like Putti's procedure to detach and lower the scapula, followed by physical therapy focusing on shoulder mobility and scapular muscle strengthening. The goal is to improve function and posture while preventing complications like brachial plexus injury.
Fracture of Shoulder and Humerus
This document discusses injuries to the shoulder girdle and humerus, including acromioclavicular injuries, dislocations, and fractures of the clavicle. It describes the mechanisms of various injuries, methods of diagnosis including physical exam findings and x-rays, and approaches to treatment including closed reduction techniques and immobilization methods. Reduction methods like Kocher's are outlined step-by-step for anterior shoulder dislocations. Greenstick fractures are noted as common in children. Immobilization with a sling or ring method is generally recommended for clavicle fractures and injuries requiring support.
Rotator cuff injuries
Pratigya Deuja-
Rotator cuff injuries- Definition, etiology, pathology, clinical features, clinical management, physiotherapy management
Student's Elbow (Olecranon Bursitis) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Student's elbow, or 'Olecranon Bursitis' is a condition where a small sack of tissue over the tip of your elbow becomes inflamed and swollen. The pointy bit of bone at the end of your elbow is called the 'olecranon' and the small sack which sits between the bone and the skin is called a 'bursa'.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Volkmann's ischaemic contracture
This presentation is made to act as a guide and a short reminder to clinicians and medical students on Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, which is a medical condition that can lead to activities limitation and public participation restriction. This presentation explore aspects of the condition such as what it is, causes, how it can be diagnosed, how it can be managed and others.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
Idiopathic scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by lateral bending and rotation of the spine without a known cause. It constitutes about 80% of scoliosis cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, usually affecting girls with thoracic curves. Treatment depends on the curve magnitude and skeletal maturity, and may include observation, bracing, or surgery to prevent progression and correct the deformity. Early onset scoliosis before age 3 often resolves on its own, while juvenile scoliosis from ages 4-10 has a worse prognosis and usually requires treatment.
Radial club hand
This document discusses radial club hand, which is a congenital deformity where there is failure of formation along the radial border of the upper extremity. Key points include:
- Radial club hand can range from mild shortening of the radius to total absence. It occurs in about 1 in 30,000 to 100,000 births.
- Surgical treatment involves centralizing the carpus on the distal ulna to provide support. Additional procedures like thumb reconstruction or tendon transfers may be needed.
- Nonsurgical treatment involves serial casting and splinting from birth to gradually correct the deformity. Surgery is usually done at 3-6 months if splinting is insufficient to provide radial support.
Clay shoveler's fracture
This document discusses Clay Shoveller's Fracture, which is a fracture of the spinous process of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically occurring at C6 or C7. It describes how the injury originally occurred in Australian laborers in the 1930s who would toss shovelfuls of sticky clay high above their heads. The sudden flexion force on lifting the heavy clay could tear the bone at the base of the neck. Symptoms include a burning pain between the shoulder blades that is exacerbated by activities straining the upper back muscles. Diagnosis involves x-rays or CT scan of the cervical spine. Most cases are treated non-operatively with pain medication, physical therapy and massage.
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is the forward slippage of one vertebra over another and most commonly occurs between L4-L5 or L5-S1. It can be caused by developmental abnormalities, stress fractures of the pars interarticularis, degeneration of the disc and facets, trauma or tumors. Symptoms include lower back pain and sciatica. Conservative treatment involves rest and bracing while surgery is indicated for progressive, high grade or neurologically compressive slips. Surgical options include fusion with or without instrumentation to reduce the slip and decompress the nerves.
De quervain's
De Quervain's disease is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist caused by inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. It often affects women ages 30-50 and is caused by repetitive motions of the thumb like gripping. Symptoms include pain on the radial side of the wrist worsened by ulnar deviation and thumb movement. Diagnosis is based on tenderness over the tendon sheaths and a positive Finkelstein's test. Most cases are treated conservatively with splinting, activity modification and anti-inflammatories while surgery is reserved for persistent cases.
Presentation elbow
This document discusses various causes of elbow pain, including generalized causes like arthritis, infections, and trauma, as well as more localized causes. Some common localized causes covered include medial and lateral epicondylitis (golfer's and tennis elbow), olecranon bursitis, elbow dislocations, distal biceps tendonitis, triceps tendon avulsions, valgus extension overload syndrome, ulnar and radial collateral ligament sprains, pronator syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, osteochondrosis dissescans of the elbow, and fractures of the humerus, distal humerus, radial head, and olecranon. Evaluation and treatment approaches including conservative and surgical options are provided
Monteggia ppt
This document provides an overview of Monteggia fracture dislocations, beginning with definitions, history, epidemiology, classification, mechanisms of injury, clinical features, management, complications, and recent updates. Monteggia fractures, first described in 1814, constitute 1-2% of forearm fractures. Bado's 1958 classification divides them into four types based on the direction of radial head dislocation and location of the ulna fracture. Type I is the most common, involving anterior radial head dislocation and ulna fracture. Nonoperative treatment typically involves closed reduction and casting, while surgery is indicated for failed reductions. Complications can include nerve injuries, ossification, and compartment syndrome.
Cubitus valgus
Cubitus valgus is a deformity where the forearm is abnormally abducted in relation to the upper arm, causing a visible defect. It is rarely seen and can result as a complication from a fractured lateral humerus condyle. Causes include previous fractures or injuries to the lower humerus that result in malunion, interference with epiphyseal growth on the lateral side, or Turner's syndrome. Left untreated, it can lead to a secondary tardy nerve palsy from friction neuritis of the ulnar nerve. Treatment options range from no intervention for mild cases, to a medial closed wedge osteotomy for moderate to severe cases, or anterior transposition surgery for any tard
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to compression of the neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet. There are two main types - neurogenic and vascular. Neurogenic TOS is more common and involves compression of the brachial plexus nerves, while vascular TOS involves compression of the subclavian artery or vein. Symptoms vary depending on the affected structure but may include pain, numbness, cold intolerance, or vascular symptoms like swelling. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers and imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI. Treatment begins with conservative measures like stretching and strengthening, but refractory cases may require injections or surgeries like scalenectomy to decompress the area.
Radial club hand (Radial Dysplasia)
This document discusses radial club hand, which is a congenital musculoskeletal anomaly caused by failed development along the radial border of the upper extremity. It presents the embryology, classification systems, clinical features, treatment recommendations, and surgical techniques for radial club hand. Specifically, it describes the deficient muscles, skeletal abnormalities including absent radius, neurovascular anomalies, and treatment approaches such as splinting, casting, tendon transfers, centralization of the carpus, and bilobed flaps procedures.
Clavicle fractures
The document summarizes information about clavicle fractures, including their epidemiology, anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, treatment options, and evidence for management approaches. Specifically, it finds that:
1) Clavicle fractures are among the most common fractures and midshaft fractures account for 69-80% of cases.
2) They are often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder and result in characteristic deformities from surrounding muscle and ligament forces.
3) Nonoperative treatment is usually indicated for nondisplaced fractures but recent evidence shows displaced or shortened fractures have higher risks of poor outcomes like pain, weakness and nonunion.
What's hot (20)
Student's Elbow (Olecranon Bursitis) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Student's Elbow (Olecranon Bursitis) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Similar to Thoracic outlet syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome
This document provides information on thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). It begins with a brief history and defines TOS as abnormal compression of the neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet. It describes the relevant anatomy and compartments of the thoracic outlet. The document discusses the causes, types, symptoms, and diagnostic approaches for the neurogenic, venous, and arterial forms of TOS. It provides details on conservative and surgical treatment options.
THORACIC%20OUTLET%20SYNDROME.pptx
This document discusses thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), defined as abnormal compression of the neurovascular bundle in the narrow space between the clavicle and first rib. It describes the anatomy of the thoracic outlet and classifications of TOS (neurologic, venous, arterial). Common causes include anatomical defects, muscle anomalies, trauma, and repetitive activity. Symptoms vary depending on type but can include pain, numbness, and weakness in the neck, shoulder, arm and hand. Diagnosis involves clinical exams and imaging tests. Treatment begins with conservative options like physical therapy, injections, and exercises, while surgery is considered if symptoms persist.
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of the neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet. It can be neurogenic, venous, or arterial in type. Key findings on examination include a positive Adson's test or Roos test. Imaging such as MRI, CT, and angiography can help in diagnosis. Treatment involves conservative measures initially followed by surgical decompression if symptoms persist, with procedures such as scalenectomy and first rib resection.
The axilla
The axilla is the area under the arm where the upper limb meets the thorax. It contains muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. The axilla provides passage from the neck, chest, and arm. Structures like the brachial plexus, axillary artery and vein pass through the apex. The axilla is bounded by the pectoralis major muscle anteriorly and the latissimus dorsi muscle posteriorly. Clinically, the axilla is important for diagnosing conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome and performing lymph node biopsies for breast cancer screening and staging.
Ant thoracic wall and intercostal space
This document discusses the anatomy of the anterior thoracic wall and intercostal spaces. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to describe the boundaries and contents of a typical intercostal space, including the muscles, nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics. It then provides detailed slides and explanations of the typical and atypical structures found in the intercostal spaces, including variations. Examples of clinical correlations and applied anatomy are also discussed, such as barrel chest deformities, congenital chest wall anomalies, and procedures involving the intercostal spaces.
General surgery specimens
this ppt slides are for quick revision of general surgery specimens in final practical exams for undergraduates as well as postgraduates.
Surgical anatomy of breasts
The surgical anatomy of the breast, surgical procedures, surgical approach to a breast mass. Mastectomy types and differences. Lymphatic drainage
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
This document describes a case of thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a cervical rib in a 22-year old male patient who presented with numbness, pain, discoloration, and swelling in his right arm. Imaging revealed a cervical rib compressing the brachial plexus. The patient underwent surgery to remove the cervical rib, which relieved his symptoms. The document then provides an overview of thoracic outlet syndrome, including its causes, types, symptoms, diagnostic techniques like physical exams and imaging, and treatment options like physical therapy, medications, and surgical decompression.
ischemia-1.pptx
Dr. Hossam Ala'a provides a detailed guide for taking a history from a patient presenting with ischemia. The history includes gathering information on the patient's personal history, current complaint, history of present illness, past medical history, family history, and review of symptoms in other body systems. The physical examination involves inspecting and palpating the affected limb to evaluate changes in skin, muscles, and temperature that may indicate ischemia.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.pptx
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after passing through the thoracic outlet. The thoracic outlet connects the neck to the thorax and contains many structures including the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus. Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when these structures are compressed as they pass through the thoracic outlet, most commonly due to scalene muscle abnormalities. It can cause neurogenic, venous, or arterial symptoms in the upper limb that are exacerbated by arm movements above the head. Treatment depends on the type of thoracic outlet syndrome but may include surgery or stenting.
Pelvis fractures
This document provides an overview of pelvis fractures, including:
- Pelvic fractures can cause major mortality and morbidity due to proximity to organs and vessels.
- Classification systems (e.g. Young-Burgess) categorize fractures based on the injury mechanism and degree of instability.
- Clinical evaluation involves inspection, palpation, neurological exam and imaging (x-rays, CT). Signs of instability include crepitus, rotation/displacement.
- Early management focuses on ABCs, resuscitation, and temporary stabilization techniques like pelvic binders or external fixation to reduce blood loss.
Interpretation of Xrays of the spine.pptx
interpretation of the spine xrays, brief anatomy of the back, followed by approach in the interpretation of xray of the cervical spine, then thoracolumbar spine, with common pathologies and their radiological manifestations on xrays.
Larynx Anatomy
The larynx is located in the neck and regulates airflow during breathing and phonation. It contains 9 cartilages including the thyroid and cricoid cartilages which provide the skeletal framework. Intrinsic muscles like the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid act on the vocal cords to produce sound. The larynx is supplied by the recurrent and internal laryngeal nerves and drains lymphatically into cervical nodes. Examination of the larynx provides insight into vocal cord function and pathology.
Imaging sectional anatomy of brain part 1
This document provides an overview of the history and anatomy of neuroimaging modalities. It discusses pioneers in X-rays, CT, MRI, and neuroradiology. It then describes the appearance of brain structures on different imaging sequences and outlines key anatomical regions including lobes, sulci, ventricles, cisterns, and CSF spaces. Hounsfield units and densities of brain tissues on CT are defined.
Full Story larynx Imaging CT MRI Dr Ahmed Esawy
Imaging larynx ct mri dr ahmed esawy
Laryngomalacia
Ductal retention cyst
Cystic hygroma
Bifid epiglottis
Vocal cord paralysis
Web and atresia
Interarytenoid web
Posterior laryngeal cleft
Cri-du-chat syndrome
Cong. Subglottic stenosis
Subglottic hemangioma
Web & atresia
Cysts
Croup
Epiglottic Enlargement
Epiglottitis
Squamous cell carcinoma is mucosal disease
Glottic carcinoma
subglottic carcinoma
supraglottic carcinoma
virtual laryngoscopy
vocal cord paralysis
Hyiod bone
Laryngeal skeleton
the paired
1- arytenoid,
2- corniculate
3- cuneiform cartilage
the unpaired
4- thyroid
5- cricoid
6- epiglottic cartilages
supraglottic
7- Valleculae
8- Aryepiglottic fold
9- Glossoepiglottic fold
10- Laryngeal vestibule
11- False cord
12- Ventricle
13- Preepiglottic space
Neck Dissection Head Neck oncoSurgery.pptx
This document provides a detailed overview of neck dissection procedures. It begins with a brief history of neck dissection dating back to 1906 when Crile described the classic radical neck dissection. It then discusses the classification of neck dissections and provides descriptions of radical, modified radical, and selective neck dissections. The document outlines the critical steps for performing a radical neck dissection, including raising flaps, dealing with the four corners of consternation, and closure. It also discusses indications, contraindications, and complications of neck dissection procedures.
neck dissection part 2
This document provides an overview of neck dissection procedures, including:
- A classification system for neck dissections and descriptions of radical, modified radical, extended, and selective neck dissections.
- Generic steps for all neck dissections including incision, exposure, and lymph node removal.
- Detailed descriptions of performing a radical neck dissection, focusing on three areas of special attention: the lower end of the internal jugular vein, the junction of the clavicle and trapezius muscle, and the upper end of the internal jugular vein.
Femoral triangle and venous drainage in the lower limg
This document provides information about the anatomy of the femoral triangle region. It describes the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle, including the femoral nerve, artery, and vein. It also discusses the lymphatic drainage of the lower limb, specifically mentioning the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes. Additionally, it summarizes the course of the great saphenous vein and its tributaries as well as varicose veins and perforating veins.
Neck dissection
The document provides an overview of neck dissection, including:
- Its history beginning in the late 19th century and evolving classifications.
- Surgical anatomy of the neck structures and lymph node levels involved.
- Indications for neck dissection including tumor size and characteristics that increase risk of lymph node metastasis.
- Classifications of neck dissections based on the extent of lymph node levels and non-lymphatic structures removed.
Cvs workshop
The document summarizes key aspects of performing a bedside cardiovascular examination. It discusses examining a patient's history for common cardiovascular symptoms. It then outlines how to examine the arterial pulse, measure blood pressure, and examine jugular venous pulse waves and pressure. The document also provides details on inspecting the chest, palpating the precordium, auscultating heart sounds and murmurs, and performing dynamic auscultation with maneuvers.
Similar to Thoracic outlet syndrome (20)
Femoral triangle and venous drainage in the lower limg
Femoral triangle and venous drainage in the lower limg
More from PratikDhabalia
Wrist drop
The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand. Damage to the radial nerve causes wrist drop where the patient is unable to extend the wrist and fingers, impairing grasping. Symptoms include pain, numbness, weakness of hand grip and drooping of the wrist and fingers. Diagnosis involves assessing range of motion, imaging tests and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, injections, bracing and physical therapy.
Tourniquets
Tourniquets are devices used to control blood flow to an extremity during surgery. Various types of tourniquets have been developed throughout history including the Esmarch bandage and modern pneumatic tourniquets. Proper tourniquet placement and pressure are important to minimize complications like nerve injury, muscle injury, and bleeding. Tourniquet time should be limited to 1.5-2 hours to avoid local and systemic effects. Complications can be further reduced by following precautions during tourniquet application and use.
Torticollis
Torticollis is a twisting of the neck that can have several causes. In newborns, it is often due to injuries during birth or fetal positioning, while in older children it may result from neck injuries, infections, or other conditions. The document discusses the main types and causes of torticollis, including congenital muscular torticollis in newborns, self-limiting torticollis, trauma, infections, tumors, and certain drugs. Ultrasound is often used to diagnose congenital cases in newborns, while CT and MRI are used to diagnose other causes like trauma, infections, or tumors in older children. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include stretching, physical therapy
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the common extensor tendon near the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. It results from repetitive microtears in the tendon due to overuse from activities involving forceful wrist extension. Clinically, it presents as lateral elbow pain that worsens with activities like handshaking or turning a doorknob. Physical examination reveals tenderness over the lateral epicondyle. While most cases resolve with conservative treatment like rest, NSAIDs, bracing, and physical therapy within 6-12 months, surgical debridement may be considered for persistent or recurrent cases.
Tendo achilles
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone and is active during walking, running, and jumping. It is vulnerable to rupture, which commonly occurs in the watershed area 2-6cm above the heel in males ages 25-50 during sports. Diagnosis involves physical exam findings like inability to raise the toes and a gap or defect being felt. Treatment options include immobilization in a cast or surgical repair, with the goal of restoring proper tension and length. Post-operative care focuses on protecting the repair during healing over 6 months using casts, braces, and physical therapy.
Surgical site infections
Surgical site infections occur when bacteria enter through an incision made during surgery. They are classified as superficial, deep, or organ/space infections. Common causative agents include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Factors that increase risk include patient health issues like malnutrition or diabetes as well as surgical factors like poor technique, inadequate prophylactic antibiotics, or an unclean operating environment. Diagnosis involves clinical signs plus lab and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, wound debridement, and drainage. Prevention strategies focus on proper patient preparation, strict sterile techniques in the operating room, and careful post-operative wound care.
Spinal cord tractography
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography are MRI techniques that can be used together to non-invasively visualize spinal cord tracts. DTI measures the anisotropic diffusion of water in tissue to infer the orientation of white matter tracts. Fiber tractography then generates 3D reconstructions of the tracts. This technique provides information about spinal cord injuries or other pathologies. However, it faces challenges from motion artifacts and has limitations when tracts converge or cross or are non-homogeneous. Despite this, DTI tractography can be used to prognosticate outcomes from spinal cord deformities, injuries, tumors, or myelopathies. Two case studies are described, one with a C6 burst fracture
Spina ventosa
Spina ventosa is a form of tuberculous dactylitis that affects the short tubular bones of the hands and feet in children. It occurs secondary to tuberculosis infection and presents as swelling and tenderness of the affected bone. Investigations may show leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest x-rays and bone x-rays can identify periosteal reaction, lytic lesions, or sclerosis. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. A case report described a 13-year-old girl with left index finger pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite who was found to have spina ventosa on biopsy along with a tuberculoma seen on brain MRI. She was started on antitub
Snapping hip syndrome
There are three main types of snapping hip: external, internal, and intra-articular. External snapping hip is caused by increased tension in the iliotibial band over the greater trochanter with repeated flexion and extension. Internal snapping hip involves snapping of the iliopsoas tendon over the femoral head. Intra-articular snapping hip is caused by labral tears or loose bodies in the hip joint. Conservative treatments include rest, stretching, strengthening, and therapies like cold compression, while operative options involve procedures like Z-plasty of the iliotibial band or arthroscopic surgery to address intra-articular issues.
Scurvy
- Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency that results from a lack of vitamin C in the diet for several weeks. It impairs collagen formation and causes hemorrhaging in tissues.
- Symptoms include bleeding gums, loose teeth, bruising of the skin, and bone fractures. In infants, scurvy can cause pseudoparalysis and swelling over bones from subperiosteal hemorrhaging.
- Diagnosis is based on low vitamin C blood levels and x-ray findings of bone changes like the white line of Fraenkel. Treatment involves vitamin C supplementation in doses of at least 200mg daily until recovery is complete.
Screws in orthopedics
This document provides an overview of screws in orthopedic surgery. It discusses the history of screw development from ancient times through modern innovations in materials. The anatomy of a screw is described in detail, including the head, shaft, thread, tip, and special features like pitch, diameter, and cannulation. Different types of screws are compared based on their properties and intended uses in cortical versus cancellous bone. Special screw designs like Herbert screws, lag screws, and dynamic hip screws are also briefly mentioned.
Sacral chordoma
Sacral chordoma is a rare, slowly growing malignant tumor that arises from remnants of the notochord, usually occurring in the sacrum. It accounts for 1-4% of all malignancies and is the most common primary malignancy of the sacrum. Patients typically experience lower back pain worsening with sitting in their 5th-7th decade. Imaging shows a destructive lytic lesion in the sacrum. Complete surgical resection is the primary treatment, but recurrence is common due to the locally aggressive nature, leading to poor long-term survival rates.
Robotics in orthopedics
This document discusses the use of robots in orthopaedic surgery. It describes how robotic systems can improve accuracy of bone cuts and component placement compared to manual surgery. Both autonomous and haptic robotic systems are presented. Applications discussed include unicondylar knee replacement using the Mako robotic arm and spinal pedicle screw placement using the Renaissance system. While robotic surgery may provide benefits like increased accuracy, it also has drawbacks such as high costs and long-term outcomes have not proven superiority over manual techniques.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty involves replacing the humeral head and glenoid fossa with prosthetics to alter the center of rotation and increase deltoid tension and function. It is indicated for rotator cuff tear arthropathy, proximal humeral fractures in the elderly, failed shoulder replacements, and other conditions. The procedure involves an deltopectoral approach to expose the joint, removal of the humeral head and shaping of the glenoid, then implantation of the glenosphere and humeral cup components. Outcomes are best for osteoarthritis and worse for trauma or revision cases. Complications can include infection, nerve injury, implant loosening or breakage.
Prolapsed intervertebral disc
The intervertebral disc consists of three main components: the cartilage end plates, the nucleus pulposus, and the annulus fibrosus. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is a natural aging process but can be exacerbated by factors like poor nutrition, trauma from sports or injuries, and biomechanical factors related to posture and repetitive microtrauma. The degenerative process typically begins with softening of the nucleus pulposus and weakening of the annulus fibrosus, which can lead to protrusion or extrusion of the nucleus through tears in the annulus. Eventually fibrosis and calcification may occur as the body attempts to repair the degenerated disc.
Pre operative care
The document outlines the steps involved in pre-operative care, which includes conducting a pre-anaesthetic checkup of the patient's medical history and current health status. A series of blood investigations, imaging tests like ECG, ultrasound, and radiological tests are performed. The patient's medication needs and consent for the procedure are also addressed. The pre-operative preparation involves both physical and psychological preparation of the patient by explaining the procedure and potential complications to calm them before surgery.
Plantar fascitis
Plantar fasciitis is a painful condition caused by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick ligament connecting the heel to the toes. The pain is usually felt on the bottom of the foot near the heel and is worst upon waking or after long periods of sitting. Repeated microtears in the fascia from overuse can cause degeneration and inflammation. Risk factors include obesity, excessive running or prolonged standing, especially with inadequate foot support. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and strain through stretching, orthotics, night splints, and physical therapy exercises.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is an idiopathic overgrowth and pigmentation of the synovial membrane that most commonly affects the knee joint. It presents with pain, swelling, stiffness, and recurrent atraumatic hemorrhaging in the joint. Diagnosis is made through arthroscopic biopsy showing characteristic chocolate-colored lesions. Treatment involves surgical synovectomy or radiation therapy, with recurrence being a potential complication.
Pes cavus
This document defines and describes cavus foot, including its causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. A cavus foot has an abnormally high arch and accompanying toe deformities. Causes include neuromuscular conditions like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and polio. Clinical features include a high arch and clawing of the toes. Diagnosis involves physical exam and x-rays. Treatment depends on flexibility and severity but may include tendon lengthening, osteotomies, and joint fusions to correct deformities in the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. The goal is to create a plantigrade foot.
Peri arthritis shoulder
This document discusses periarthritis shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder. It is characterized by significant restriction of both active and passive shoulder movements, especially external rotation, due to inflammatory changes and fibrosis in the shoulder joint capsule. It typically affects females aged 40-60 and risk factors include diabetes and thyroid dysfunction. Treatment involves physiotherapy, analgesics, and steroid injections, with manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release considered for cases of more severe symptoms or those that fail to improve after 4-6 months of conservative treatment.
More from PratikDhabalia (20)
Recently uploaded
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcPCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Thoracic outlet syndrome
- 3. ANATOMY OF TOS • Boundaries • Anteriorly-Manubrium sterni • Posteriorly-T1 vertebrae • Laterally-1st rib
- 4. • Contents • 1) Subclavian artery • 2)Subclavian vein • 3)Brachial plexus
- 6. • 3 potential spaces for compression of neurovascular structures • 1)Interscalene space-Anteriorly by scalaneus anterior,Posteriorly by scalaneus medius and inferiorly 1st rib. • 2)Costoclavicular space-Anteriorly by clavice and posteriorly by 1st rib • 3)Subpectoralis minor space-Pectoralis minor and costocoracoid membrane.
- 9. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome • Definition:A collection of symptoms that occur due to compression of neurovascular structures between clavice and 1st rib.(Thoracic outlet • Peet introduced this term in 1956. • It is usually common in the female sex between 10-50 years of age.
- 11. Causes • 1)Cervical rib • 2)Elongated C7 transverse process • 3) Exostosis of 1st rib • 4)Fibrous band • 5)Post traumatic-Clavicle fracture ,brachial plexus injury • 6)Poor posture-Holding head in forward position • 7)Muscle abnormalities-Scalaneus muscle hypertrophy, scalaneus minimus
- 12. Clinical features • 1)Neurological • 2)Venous • 3)Arterial
- 13. • Neurological • Neck pain/shoulder pain • • Tingling, numbness • Muscle atrophy
- 14. Arterial • Coldness • Cyanosis • Ulcers • Gangrene
- 15. • Venous • • Edema • Venous distension • Paget Schroetter syndrome-Effort thrombosis of axillary subclavian vein.
- 16. Clinical tests to diagnose TOS • 1)ROOS/EAST test • 2)Adsons test • 3)Wright’s hyperabduction test • 4) Costoclavicular manaeuver • 5)Allens test
- 17. • Roos test/East test • 90 degree abduction and external rotation of arm. • Hold elevation for 3mins and open and close fists. • Test is positive if there is pain,parasthesia •
- 18. • Adsons test • Sitting/Standing position • Take deep breath and turn head to affected side • Check radial pulse and see for obliteration of radial pulse or presence of bruit infraclavicular.
- 19. • Wright’s hyperabduction test • First abduct till 90 and then hyperabduction till 180 degree • • Diminished radial pulse due to Costoclavicular space compression.
- 20. • Allen’s test • • Occlude radial artery • Clench fist • Unclench and continue compression of radial artery • • If ulnar artery patent, colour returns to normal ,if occlusion pallor present
- 21. • Costoclavicular manaeuver • Sitting position • Titanic position • Shoulders shrugged downwards and backwards and elbow extended palpate radial pulse.If pulse reduces test is positive.
- 22. Investigations • 1)Routine x-rays-Xrays of cervical spine to see for cervical rib, Exostosis, calcifications • • 2)Chest x-ray • 3)Arteriography-Post stenotic dilation • 4) Venography-Venous obstruction • 5)Nerve conduction studies-To rule out CTS • • 6)MRI-To see for SOL,disc compression
- 23. Treatment • Non operative • 1) Physiotherapy-Breathing and posture strength excercises • 2)Pain-Analgesics and muscle relaxants • 3)BOTOX A -Binds presynaptically to sites causing neuromuscular Blockade due to decreased release of acetylcholine 4)Avoid repetitive upper extremity work
- 24. Operative • Indications • • Persistent symptoms • progressive neurodeficit • Vascular compromise
- 25. • First rib resection and anterior scalenectomy using • -Transaxillary approach • -Anterior approach • -Posterior approach
- 26. Complications • 1)Post stenotic dilatation • 2) Reccurent ulcers • • 3)Gangrene • 4) Venous thrombosis