Thomsons atomic theory pp.
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This document provides an outline about the life and work of J.J. Thomson, including his discovery of the electron. It notes that Thomson was a professor at Cambridge University interested in atomic structure. His experiments with cathode ray tubes led him to discover subatomic particles called electrons and propose in 1904 that atoms consist of a positively charged sphere with embedded negative electrons, making atoms electrically neutral. This became known as the "plum pudding" model of the atom.
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2. Major milestones included Dalton establishing atoms as the basic unit of matter, Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford discovering the nucleus, Bohr explaining electron energy levels, and the development of the quantum model explaining wave-particle duality of electrons.
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This document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Bohr's model of electron shells. It describes key experiments and findings, including:
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2) Bohr's model which explained atomic stability by proposing discrete electron orbits where electrons do not radiate energy.
3) The discovery of the neutron by Chadwick in 1932, completing understanding of atomic structure with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in shells surrounding it.
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The document describes the development of the atomic model over time. John Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in the early 1800s, stating that elements are made of atoms and atoms of different elements are distinct. Later, scientists like Crookes, Thomson, and Rutherford provided evidence through experiments that led to refinements of the model. Thomson discovered the electron and proposed that atoms contain positive charge distributed throughout, but Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that positive charge is concentrated in a small nucleus. Chadwick later discovered the neutron in the nucleus. [/SUMMARY]
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JJ Thomson was an English physicist born in 1856 who conducted experiments with cathode rays that led him to discover the electron. Through three experiments using cathode ray tubes, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles that were much smaller than atoms. His findings overturned the prevailing view that atoms were indivisible and helped establish the modern conception of atomic structure.
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1) John Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in 1803 which described atoms as indivisible particles and that elements are made of unique atoms that combine in whole number ratios.
2) In the early 1900s, experiments revealed atoms have subatomic particles including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are in the tiny nucleus while electrons surround it.
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J.J. Thomson was a British physicist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases. Some of his key accomplishments included discovering the electron in 1897 through experiments with cathode ray tubes, determining the mass-to-charge ratio of electrons, and proposing the "plum pudding" model of the atom. He had a long and distinguished career as a physicist, holding positions at Cambridge University and lecturing widely in the United States. Thomson made many contributions to the field and influenced several students and assistants who went on to also win Nobel Prizes.
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The document summarizes the development of atomic theory over time. It describes the early ideas of Democritus and Dalton's contributions, including defining atoms and the key points of his atomic theory. Later discoveries included the electron by Thomson, the nuclear model from Rutherford's gold foil experiment, discovery of the proton, neutron discovered by Chadwick, and development of quantum mechanics to better explain atomic structure.
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This document discusses four major atomic models:
- Dalton's atomic theory from 1807 which proposed atoms of the same element are identical and atoms can combine to form new substances.
- Thomson's "plum pudding" model from 1904 which viewed the atom as a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded within it.
- Rutherford's 1909 "planetary model" based on his gold foil experiment, showing the atom consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by empty space with electrons orbiting the nucleus.
- Bohr's 1913 model which introduced the concept of distinct electron orbits or shells around the nucleus to explain atomic spectra. This model is closest to how atoms are currently understood.
MODELS OF THE atom......................
Three models contributed to developing the modern understanding of the atom:
1. Dalton's model proposed that atoms of different elements have different properties and that atoms cannot be subdivided further.
2. Thomson's "plum pudding" model viewed the atom as a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded inside.
3. Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that the atom consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons, overturning Thomson's model and leading to further developments.
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The document describes the development of atomic theory over time through several scientific models. It begins with Democritus' idea in the 5th century BC that all matter is made of indivisible atoms. The document then outlines models by John Dalton, J.J. Thompson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Heisenberg. Each model built on previous work and provided new insights about atoms, such as Dalton's billiard ball model, Thompson's plum pudding model, Rutherford's nuclear model, Bohr's planetary model, and Schrodinger and Heisenberg's quantum mechanical model describing electrons as waves. The document uses these historic theories to teach students
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1. Democritus was the first to propose that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible units called atoms. Later scientists like Dalton expanded on this idea.
2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus. This overturned the plum pudding model.
3. Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, completing the standard picture of atomic structure with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in orbitals around it.
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- John Dalton developed the first modern atomic theory in the early 1800s based on experiments observing chemical reactions. He proposed that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
- Atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The number of protons defines the identity of the atom as a particular chemical element.
- Atoms of the same element can differ in the number of neutrons, forming isotopes. Unstable isotopes decay through emission of radiation like alpha or beta particles to become stable.
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The atomic model has changed significantly over time based on new evidence and experiments. Early philosophers proposed that atoms were indivisible spheres, while later scientists like Thomson and Rutherford provided evidence that atoms have internal structure, including a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The current wave model depicts electrons as existing in probabilistic electron clouds rather than definite orbits, representing our most accurate understanding of atomic structure to date.
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The document summarizes the development of atomic theory over time. It describes early atomic models proposed by Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, and Rutherford. Democritus proposed that matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms. Dalton established atoms as fundamental units of matter. Thomson's plum pudding model depicted atoms as positively charged spheres with electrons scattered within. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed atoms have small, dense nuclei. The Bohr model depicted electrons orbiting the nucleus in distinct energy levels. Later, the quantum mechanical model depicted electrons as existing as clouds within an atom.
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1. Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in 1808, which stated that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided during chemical reactions.
2. In the early 1900s, scientists like Thomson, Rutherford, and Faraday expanded on Dalton's theory by discovering that atoms contain electrons and identifying the nucleus as the center of the atom that contains protons and neutrons.
3. Rutherford further amended atomic theory in 1911 by concluding that the nucleus contains nearly all the mass of an atom and that electrons orbit the nucleus, leaving mostly empty space inside atoms.
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1. Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in 1808, which stated that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided during chemical reactions.
2. In the early 1900s, scientists like Thomson, Rutherford, and Faraday contributed new discoveries about the structure of atoms, such as electrons, positive and negative charges, and the nucleus.
3. Rutherford's 1911 gold foil experiment provided evidence that atoms have a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the outside, and largely empty space in between. This led to revisions of atomic theory.
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The document discusses the history of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern atomic structure. It begins with Democritus proposing atoms in 460 BC, though Aristotle disagreed. In the early 1800s, John Dalton revived atomic theory and proposed atoms combine in whole number ratios, explaining conservation of mass. In the early 1900s, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr contributed atomic models. Atoms are made of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Isotopes have the same number of protons but different neutrons. Unstable nuclei undergo radioactive decay through alpha, beta, or gamma radiation.
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John Dalton proposed Dalton's Atomic Theory in the early 1800s, which stated that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. Dalton's theory provided explanations for laws of chemistry such as the law of conservation of mass and the law of definite proportions. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, experiments by scientists like J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and James Chadwick led to the discovery of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons and the modern atomic model of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The periodic table organizes the chemical elements based on their atomic structure.
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The document discusses the history and development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus and Leucippus, who first proposed the idea of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr who contributed key discoveries and models that led to our current understanding. It explains concepts like atoms, elements, atomic number, mass, ions, and different atomic models including the plum pudding, Bohr, and electron cloud models.
Atomic theory presentation finale
The document discusses the history and development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus and Leucippus, who first proposed the idea of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr who contributed key discoveries and models that led to our current understanding. It explains concepts like atoms, elements, isotopes, atomic number, atomic mass, ions, and different atomic models including the plum pudding model, Bohr model, and electron cloud model.
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Thomsons atomic theory pp.
- 1. By. Lucia Artigas, Erick Sebastián, Yael Sánchez, Brenda Santos & Ana Paula Soltero.
- 2. Outline • Who was Thomson? Click Here • His Personal Life Click Here • The Theory Click Here • How came to be? Click Here • Mass and charge of the electron Click Here • Chemestry & Food Click Here • The Atromic Model Click Here • References Click Here
- 3. Who Was Thomson? • Was born in Cheetham Hill • Manchester on December 18, 1856 • He was Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge • Thomson's early interest in atomic structure was reflected Click in his Treatise on the Motion of Here To go to Vortex Rings which won him Outline the Adams Prize in 1884
- 4. Click His Personal Life Here To go to Outline • In 1890, he married Rose Elisabeth, daughter of Sir George E. Paget, K.C.B. They had one son, now Sir George Paget Thomson, Emeritus Professor of Physics at London University, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1937, and one daughter.
- 5. The Theory • An atom consists of a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electron embedded in it. • The positive and the negative charges in an atom are equal in magnitude, due to which an atom is electrically neutral. It has no over all negative or positive charge. Click Here To go to Outline
- 6. Click Here How came to be? To go to Outline • Thomson in 1904 to deliver six lectures on electricity and matter at Yale University, suggestions as to the structure of the atom. He discovered a method for separating different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of positive rays.
- 7. Mass and charge of the electron • In spite of the progress made from all the cathode-ray tube experiments, no one succeeded in determining the mass of a single cathode-ray particle. Unable to measure the particles mass directley, English phisicist J.J. Thomson began a sries of cathod-ray tube experiments at Cambridge University in the 1890s to determine the ratio of its charge to its mass.
- 8. • Thomson discovered electron by the cathode ray tube. A electric current is passed through a vacuum tube, a steam of glowing material was formed.
- 9. • Thomson found that the mysterious glowing stream would bend toward a positively charged electric plate. Thomson atomic theory proved that the stream is made up of small particles which is piece of the atom and is negatively charged. Thomson named these particles as electrons. Click Here To go to Outline
- 10. Chemestry & Food • Thomson’s atomic theory model was compared to a because it was seen that as the stawberries are embedded in the cake similarly the negatively charged electrons was also embedded in the positively Click Here charged sphere. To go to Outline
- 11. Click The Atromic Model. Here To go to • These negatively charged electron and Outline positively charged proton make an atom neutral. For Thomson’s atomic theory model he was awarded noble prize in 1906.
- 12. • J.J. Thomson died on August 30, 1940 Click Here To go to Outline
- 13. Click Here To go to Outline
- 14. • MLA style: "J.J. Thomson - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 7 Nov 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/thoms on-bio.html • Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1906 • TO CITE THIS PAGE: MLA style: "J.J. Thomson - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 7 Nov 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/thoms on-bio.html Click References Here To go to Outline