Augusto Pinochet rose to power in Chile in 1973 through a coup against the socialist President Salvador Allende, with support from the US. Pinochet established a brutal military dictatorship, suspending the constitution and violently cracking down on socialists. He imposed a neoliberal economic model advocated by Chilean economists educated in the US. Pinochet's 17-year regime saw over 60,000 people killed, tortured or exiled for political reasons. Growing domestic and international opposition eventually weakened Pinochet, leading to a referendum where he stepped down in 1988.