This document provides an overview of the scale of the universe from planets to galaxies. It discusses that our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of billions of galaxies in the universe. It also explains key concepts like light years, the Big Bang theory, and uses an analogy that the expansion of the universe is like raisins in rising bread to illustrate how galaxies are not moving through space but rather space itself is expanding.

1. Standing Up in the Milky Way - Season 1 Episode 1 - 0:00 – 26:30

3. Proton
Nucleus
Isotopes
Ions are atoms of an element that contain different numbers of electrons than protons.

4. Galaxies
Solar System
Planets
Universe

5.  SMALLEST TO LARGEST
Planets Solar System GalaxiesUniverse
The Scale of the Universe

6. We are a very small
part of the big
picture!
There are over 40
billion galaxies in
the universe!
Our Solar System is apart of the Milky
Way Galaxy, which is part of Billions of
Galaxies that make up our Universe.

7. Light Year and Distance
Light Year (ly): distance light travels in one year.
A light year is not a measure of time.
Light travels 9.5 trillion kilometers in one year.
That’s a lot!
Star: 4.3 ly away 
It will take light
_______________
years to reach our
eyes. (Proxima
Centauri)

8. The Big Bang Theory:
States that a long time ago there
was, for some reason, an
expansion of space from a single
point.
~ 14 billion years ago:

9. The Big Bang Theory: :
• The universe was a tiny speck. All the material
that makes our universe was about the size of a
grain of sand.
• Something caused space to start expanding
from this single point.
• Over time the universe has cooled, but is
still expanding today.
(What proof do we have? Stay Tuned!)
• After about 1 billion years,
the first stars and galaxies started to form….
14 billion years ago

10. The Big Bang Theory: :
All Galaxies are
not moving
through space,
they are moving
as the space
expands.
The are in fixed
positions.
No matter where
you are, you see
all space getting
farther apart
from one
another.
There is no
geometric
center or edges
to the universe.
Think of raisin
bread…..
10 billion to 20 billion years ago

11. The Big Bang Theory:
The “raisin bread” analogy
raisins  galaxies, dough  space
10 billion to 20 billion years ago:

12. The Big Bang Theory: 10 billion to 20 billion years ago:
The “raisin bread” analogy
raisins  galaxies, dough  space

13. The Big Bang Theory: 10 billion to 20 billion years ago:
The “raisin bread” analogy
raisins  galaxies, dough  space
Note: raisins are not moving through dough.
Rather, blobs of dough are expanding, and
pushing the raisins farther apart.

14. The Big Bang Theory: 10 billion to 20 billion years ago:
The “raisin bread” analogy
raisins  galaxies, dough  space
Note: galaxies are not moving through space.
Rather, blobs of space are expanding, and
pushing the galaxies farther apart.