Thermoelectric power generation (TEG) devices typically use special semiconductor materials, which are optimized for the Seebeck effect. The simplest TEG device consists of a thermocouple, comprising a p-type and n-type material connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel.
Heat is applied into one side of the couple and rejected from the opposite side. An electrical current is produced, proportional to the temperature gradient between the hot and cold junctions.
To design a project that could be used to utilize the waste heat energy into electricity for multipurpose use in various applications and household purposes. This system should be economical, easy to implement and does not produce any kind of pollution, it is silent and does not require any kind of fuel to work. The main feature of this project is that it converts direct temperature difference into electricity. It is based upon thermoelectric energy generation concept and has many applications in electricity generation from automobile waste heat, heat liberated from household items, electricity generation from glaciers (ice) and a lot of similar applications where temperature difference from environment is converted into electricity. This concept is very useful in terms that it adds up to other renewable sources of energy and can be used in place of other non-conventional sources of energy like wind, solar, tides, geothermal heat, etc. This is a new concept for electricity generation using temperature difference between junctions of a peltier element to be used in our project. The complete Thermo Electric Generator would be based on Seebeck Effect that is reverse of peltier effect. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice-versa
To design a project that could be used to utilize the waste heat energy into electricity for multipurpose use in various applications and household purposes. This system should be economical, easy to implement and does not produce any kind of pollution, it is silent and does not require any kind of fuel to work. The main feature of this project is that it converts direct temperature difference into electricity. It is based upon thermoelectric energy generation concept and has many applications in electricity generation from automobile waste heat, heat liberated from household items, electricity generation from glaciers (ice) and a lot of similar applications where temperature difference from environment is converted into electricity. This concept is very useful in terms that it adds up to other renewable sources of energy and can be used in place of other non-conventional sources of energy like wind, solar, tides, geothermal heat, etc. This is a new concept for electricity generation using temperature difference between junctions of a peltier element to be used in our project. The complete Thermo Electric Generator would be based on Seebeck Effect that is reverse of peltier effect. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice-versa
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
Electricity Generation using Thermoelectric System from Waste Heat of Flue Gasesijsrd.com
Energy related cost have become a significant fraction of cost in any industry. The three top operating expenses are often to be found in any industry like energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials. If we were found the manageability of the above equipment's the energy emerges a top ranker. So energy is best field in any industry for the reduction of cost and increasing the saving opportunity. Thermoelectric methods imposed on the application of the thermoelectric generators and the possibility application of Thermoelectrity can contribute as a "Green Technology" in particular in the industry for the recovery of waste heat. Finally the main attention is too focused on selecting the thermoelectric system and representing the analytical and theoretical calculation to represent the Thermoelectric System.
Fabrication of Thermo Electric Solar Fridgeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
For Information about technology and the Future technology
to read the article click links given below
https://www.informationtechnologys.world
https://bit.ly/3JX9mso
Review on Thermoelectric materials and applicationsijsrd.com
In this paper thermoelectric materials are theoretically analyzed. The thermoelectric cooler device proposed here uses semiconductor material and uses current to transport energy (i.e., heat) from a cold source to a hot source via n- and p-type carriers. This device is fabricated by combining the standard n- and p-channel solid-state thermoelectric cooler with a two-element device inserted into each of the two channels to eliminate the solid-state thermal conductivity. The heat removed from the cold source is the energy difference, because of field emitted electrons from the n-type and p-type semiconductors. The cooling efficiency is operationally defined as where V is the anode bias voltage The cooling device here is shown to have an energy transport (i.e., heat) per electron of about500 me V depending on concentration and field while, in good thermoelectric coolers, it is about 50-60 me V at room temperature.
Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
Solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy.
Energy conversion devices which are used to convert sunlight into electricity by the use of photovoltaic effect are called solar cell.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. INTRODUCTION
Thermoelectricity refers to a phenomena in which a
temperature difference creates an electric potential .
The pioneer in thermoelectric was a German scientist
Thomas Johann Seebeck (1770-1831).
Later, In 1834, French scientist, Peltier and in 1851,
Thomson described the thermal effects on conductor.
3. What is TEG?
It is a solid state device
that provides direct energy
conversion from thermal
energy into electrical
energy.
Principle of operation is
“SEEBECK EFFECT”.
4. Seebeck Effect
This term was discovered by Thomas Seebeck in 1821.
“When the junctions of two different metals are maintained at different temperature, the
emf is produced in the circuit. This is known as Seebeck effect.”
The conductor 1 is maintained at ‘T+∆T’
temperature.
The conductor 2 is maintained at
temperature ‘T’.
Since, the junctions are maintained at
different temperature, the emf ‘U’ flows
across the circuit.
5. Construction
Thermoelectric power generation (TEG) devices typically use special
semiconductor materials, which are optimized for the Seebeck effect.
The simplest TEG device consists of a thermocouple, comprising a p-
type and n-type material connected electrically in series and
thermally in parallel.
Heat is applied into one side of the couple and rejected from the
opposite side.
An electrical current is produced, proportional to the temperature
gradient between the hot and cold junctions.
6. Therefore, for any TEG, there are four basic component
required such as
1. Heat source (fuel)
2. P and N type semiconductor stack (TE module)
3. Heat sink (cold side)
4. Electrical load (output voltage)
The figure shows the construction of thermoelectric
power generator.
There is a burner in which the propane fuel is used as heating source
in one side.
The exhaust is used to transmit a burnt fuel.
On the other side, a cold junction is kept.
The thermoelectric module (TE) is kept in between the hot and cold
junction. The electrical out (load) is taken from the TE module.
7. Working
When the two sides of semiconductor are maintained with
different temperature, the emf is flows across the output
circuit
As the heat moves from hot side to cold side, the charge
carrier moves in the semiconductor materials and hence the
potential difference is created.
The electrons are the charge carriers in the case of N-type
semiconductor and Hole are in P-type semiconductors.
In a stack, number of P-type and N-type semiconductors is
connected.
A single PN connection can produce a Seebeck voltage of 40
mV.
The heat source such as natural gas or propane are used for
remote power generation
8. Thermoelectric Material
The good thermoelectric materials should possess
1. Large Seebeck coefficients
2. High electrical conductivity
3. Low thermal conductivity
The example for thermoelectric materials
I. BismuthTelluride (Bi2Te3)
II. Lead Telluride (PbTe)
III. Silicon Germanium (SiGe)
IV. Bismuth-Antimony (Bi-Sb)
9. Material Used
Ceramic plates usually made from alumina.
Semiconductor thermo elements usually SiGe.
The hot and cold plates are usually connected using highly
conductive material like copper.
10. Conventional Material
Alloys based on Bismuth (Bi) are referred to as low temperature materials and
can be used at temperatures up to around 450°K.
The intermediate temperature range - up to around 850°K is the regime of
materials based on alloys of Lead (Pb)
Thermo elements employed at the highest temperatures are fabricated from
SiGe alloys and operate up to 1300°K.
Although these materials provide a limited efficiency.
These are a cornerstone in practical and commercial application.
11. Performance of Thermoelectric Power Generator
Performance of thermoelectric materials can be expressed as:
Figure of Merit
A high electrical conductivity is necessary to minimize Joule heating and low thermal
conductivity helps to retain heat at the junctions and maintain a large temperature
gradient. These three properties were later put together and it is called figure-of-merit
(ZT).
Where,
σ = electrical conductivity,
S = Seebeck coefficient,
T = mean operating temperature and
K= thermal conductivity.
𝐙𝐓 =
𝛔𝐒 𝟐
𝐓
𝐊
12. Major Types Available
A. Fossil fuel generators
B. Solar Source generators
C. Nuclear Fuel generators
13. Advantages
Easy maintenance: They works electrically without any moving parts so
they are virtually maintenance free.
Environment friendly: Thermoelectric generators produce no pollution.
Therefore they are eco friendly generators.
Compact and less weight: The overall thermoelectric cooling system is
much smaller and lighter than a comparable mechanical system.
High Reliability: Thermoelectric modules exhibit very high reliability due
to their solid-state construction
No noise: They can be used in any orientation and in zero gravity
environments. Thus they are popular in many aerospace applications.
Convenient Power Supply: They operate directly from a DC power source.
14. Experiment - Thermoelectric Generator
Apparatus:
I. Beakers
II. Hot plate0
III. Ice
IV. Fan
V. Digital Thermometer
This experiment converts thermal energy to electrical energy by Seebeck
effect. Immerse the metal plates in two different temperature baths. This Unit
will generate 10mV/degree temperature difference. Show this with a multimeter
or use it to run a small fan.