The document describes the various climate areas within the temperate zone, including the marine climate area, continental climate area, semi-arid and arid climate areas, and subarctic climate area. It discusses key features of each area such as typical temperature and precipitation levels, dominant winds, seasonal patterns, vegetation types, landforms, and soil types. The temperate zone encompasses areas between 45 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres and is characterized by four distinct seasons and a variety of climate influences including proximity to oceans and prevailing wind patterns.

2. The temperate zone
• Between the 45° and the 60° on both hemisphere
• MAT is between 12°C and -10°C
• MAR is great
• 4 seasons
• Dominated by west winds
• 4 climate areas:
o Marine climate area
o Continental climate area
o semi-arid and arid climate area
o Subarctic climate area

3. The marine climate area
• West coast of contintents
• MAT: 8-10°C
• MAR: low, 7-8°C
• Precipitation: even and aboundant, around 1500mm/year 
eluviation
• Dominated winds: westerly winds
• Seasons: cold, humid summer and mild, humid winter
• Water output and water level: even
• Landform processes: chemical weathering, work of rivers

4. • Natural vegetation: deciduous
forest (oak and beech), peat bogs
• Soil: brown forest soil (rich in
humus, intensive eluviation)

5. The continental climate area
• Subtypes:
o Continental warm summer – mean temp.of the warmest month exceeds
20°C
o Continental cool summer – mean temp. of warmest month doesnt exceed
20°C
o Continental monsoon areas
• MAT: depends on the latitude, around 10°C
• MAR: 24-25°C
• Winds: west winds, cyclones
• Soil: brown forest soil
• Landform processes: chemical and mechanical weathering

6. • Vegetation: deciduous
forest, mixture of steppes
and trees
less prec.
• Seasons: 4 seasons, warm or
hot summer and cold winter
• Precipitation: 5-800mm, very
uneven, maximum in summer
• Water output and
water level: uneven

7. Continental monsoon
climate area
• East Asia
• very cold winter, warm summer
• abundant precipitation

8. Semi-arid climate areas
• MAT: 0-10°C
• MAR: 24-25°C
• Precipitation:3-500mm, uneven
• Winds: weaken west winds
• Landform processes: mechanical
weathering(frost shattering), erosion of winds
• Water level and water output: uneven
• Seasons: 4, warm or hot summer and col or
very cold winter

9. • Vegetation: grasslands
Steppe
Pampas
Prairie
• Soil: chernozem – black, high humus
content, slow eluviation

10. Arid climate areas
• Deserts and semi-deserts
• Great distance from the oceas
• MAT: 0-10°C
• MAR: 40-50°C
• Precipitation: less than 300mm
• Winds: local winds
• Vegetation: poor  poor soil
• No constant rivers
• Landform processes: mechanical weathering, work of wind

11. The subarctic climate area
• MAT: -10-0°C
• MAR: 50-60°C
• Precipitation: 300mm
• Winds: westerly and polar easterly winds
• Seasons: 4, short and relatively warm summer and long,
cold winter
• Rivers: forzen during 8-9 months
• Landform processes: frost shattering, land slides

12. • vegetation: coniferous forest,
taiga
• Soil: podzol – grey,
not fertile soil

13. Changes in the temperate zone
Precipitation
Vegetation
Wind
Climate
Soil
Water level and
water output

14. Vegetations in the temperate zone
Deciduous forests

15. Coniferous forests
Grasslands

16. Animals in the temperate zone