The document divides the biosphere into six major biomes: tundra, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, tropical rainforest, grasslands, and desert. Each biome has a distinct climate defined by factors like temperature and rainfall that influence the soil and types of plants and animals that can survive there. The biomes range from the bitterly cold tundra to the very warm and moist tropical rainforest.

1. What are biomes? The biosphere is divided into major areas called biomes .

2. BIOMES A biome is determined mainly by its climate-like temperature and rainfall. Each biome has a different climate, which, in turn, affects the soil. The earth’s land areas are divided into 6 major biomes.

3. 1. TUNDRA Bitterly cold and covered with snow and ice. Ground remains permanently frozen (permafrost). Only certain small plants such as mosses and grasses can grow. Some animals like reindeer and foxes move in during the growing season.

4. Tundra

5. 2. CONIFEROUS FOREST Confers = cone-bearing trees (pines, fir) Cold climate Dense forests (tree tops block out a lot of sunlight) Grasses, small trees cannot grow – only some shrubs, ferns and mosses thrive. Animals such as squirrels, moose, birds, and insects live here.

7. 3. DECIDUOUS FOREST Maples and oaks – shed leaves in Fall. Thrive in moderate climates. Summers may be hot and winters may be cold. Receive a good supply of water. Dense forests Provides habitats for many animals.

8. Deciduous forest in Winter

9. Deciduous forest in Spring

10. Deciduous forest in Fall

11. 4. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST Very warm and very moist all the time. Receives plenty of sunlight and rain. Excellent for plant growth and soil development. Plants grow thick and tall. Found in areas near the equator. Support more plant life and animal species than any other biome.

13. 5. GRASSLANDS Mostly grass! Temperatures similar to deciduous forest. Do not receive much rainfall – enough rain to support grasses but not trees. Excellent for grazing animals. Soil is very rich. Wheat and corn grow here. Home for many small, burrowing animals.

15. 6. DESERT Very dry; receives very little rainfall. Very hot during the day, cold at night. Soil is very dry and poor. Only a few kinds of plants grow in the desert. Very few animals can survive in the desert.