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The napoleonic era
1) Napoleon was a young artillery officer who gained fame for his role in liberating the port city of Toulon from British forces in 1793. 2) Over the next decade, through a series of victories over Austria and others, Napoleon rose to power in France becoming the First Consul in 1799 and later crowning himself Emperor in 1804. 3) Napoleon conquered much of Europe but his invasion of Russia in 1812 proved disastrous, contributing to his eventual defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and exile to Saint Helena, where he died in 1821.
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The napoleonic era
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- 4. January 21, 1793 KingLouis XVI …
- 6. The French Republicis born.
- 7. The young Republicfaces many foes. It is in imminent danger of defeat.
- 8. The port cityof Toulon is besieged by British forces.
- 9. As the Frenchfight to retake the city, their commanding general is wounded.
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- 11. The man who wouldlater become Emperor of France and of Europe was on the poor Mediterranean Island of Corsica.
- 12. Napoleon was abrilliant, young, untested artillery officer when the Revolution erupted.
- 13. 1793 The Siege ofToulon Napoleon drove the British fleet from the harbor and liberated the important port.
- 14. At the ageof 24, Napoleon is a national hero. He is raised to the rank of brigadier general.
- 15. Napoleon was given command ofthe French forces fighting in 1796 The Italian Campaign Italy.
- 16. There, through aseries of victories, he forced Austria to surrender.
- 17. He negotiated thepeace treaty himself. It allowed France to keep its conquests.
- 18. Napoleon’s fame grew. Rumors ofa military began but his time has not yet arrived.
- 19. To disrupt Britishtrade with India, Napoleon invaded and conquered Egypt.
- 20. The British naval commander, Horatio pursued the Frenchfleet to the mouth of the Nile River.
- 21. 1798 The Battle ofthe Nile After Napoleon landed his troops, Nelson destroyed the French ships transporting his army. The French forces were stranded in Egypt.
- 22. French troops made agreat discovery: the Rosetta Stone. Scholars with Napoleon’s expedition began to unravel the mysteries of ancient Egypt’s history.
- 23. In 1799, Napoleonleft his army and returned to Paris.
- 24. There, he joineda conspiracy to conduct a coup d’etat - a plot to overthrow the leaders of the Revolutionary government, seize power, and establish a new government.
- 25. 1799 First Consul Napoleon wasnamed First Consul and held dictatorial powers. He declared: “ The Revolution is over. I am the Revolution. ”
- 26. 1800 The Battle of Marengo Napoleonsecured his power by crossing the Alps and defeating the Austrians once more.
- 27. 1800 The Battle of Marengo Napoleonsecured his power by crossing the Alps and defeating the Austrians once more.
- 28. In 1802, henegotiated a peace with the other nations of Europe ending the long wars of the Revolution.
- 30. 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor ofthe French.
- 32. French law wasstandardized in the Napoléonic Code. It guaranted the rights and liberties won during the Revolution.
- 33. Napoleon assembled 200,000 battle-hardenedveterans to invade Britain, his greatest rival. But before the French could launch
- 34. Admiral Nelson engagedthe French fleet off the coast of Spain. 1805 The Battle of Trafalgar
- 35. Nelson defeated theFrench fleet. However, he was mortally wounded and died as the battle drew to a close.
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- 37. But Napoleon marched hisarmy 1000 miles, defeated Austria, and occupied Vienna! Striking Napoleon at a weak moment, Austria and Russia declared war on France!
- 38. Vastly outnumbered, Napoleon defeateda combined Austrian and Russian army using superior tactics. It was his finest victory. 1805 The Battle of Austerlitz
- 40. Fearing Napoleon’s growing power,Prussia declared war against France after Austria’s fall. Napoleon easily captured Berlin and forced Prussia’s surrender.. 1806 Capture of Berlin
- 41. Napoleon then negotiatedpeace with Tsar Alexander of Russia and became Master of Continental Europe.
- 43. The Third ofMay 1808, Francisco Goya
- 44. Napoleon ordered a completestop to trade with Britain by all European nations in order to starve the island nation. The embargo was called the Continental
- 45. 1812 Russia Tsar Alexander refused tostop trade with Britain. Napoleon invaded Russia with his 500,000 man Grand Army.
- 46. The campaign wasa disaster.
- 47. After a long,deadly retreat, Napoleon escaped Russia with just 10,000 men.
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- 49. Napoleon was arrestedby Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia and exiled to the Mediterranean island of Elba.
- 50. The Allies restored the Frenchmonarchy by the placing the younger brother of the executed Louis XVI on the throne as King Louis XVIII.
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- 52. When he reached France,Louis XVIII sent an army to capture Napoleon.
- 53. But in an impassionedspeech Napoleon persuaded the troops sent to arrest him to instead follow him. Napoleon triumphantly returned to Paris and reigned for 100 Days.
- 56. June 18, 1815 The Battleof Waterloo Napoleon fought his last, desperate battle.
- 57. Arthur Wellesley, the British Dukeof Wellington, coalition of European forces against Napoleon.
- 58. Napoleon was delivereda final defeat.
- 59. Napoleon was exiledto Saint Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic. He died May 5, 1821.
- 60. Napoleon believed he hadpreserved the achievements of the French Revolution and shared the benefits with Europe. His goal, he said, was to create a European state - a “federation of free peoples.”
- 62. Napoleon’s remains werereturned to France.
- 63. He is honored asa great hero.
- 64. 1814-1815 The Congress of Vienna Aninternational peace conference was held to restore traditional monarchs to power and re-draw Europe’s borders.
- 67. For thirty years afterthe Napoleonic Wars, the Austrian prince Metternich dominated European politics.
- 68. He was a conservativewho worked to crush the liberal ideas of the French Revolution and restore power to kings and traditional nobles. But Metternich only delayed Europe’s
- 69. The Revolution’s ideas hadtaken root. By 1848, Europe erupted in revolutionary chaos.