Metternich's downfall was caused by three key events: 1) The Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) awakened pro-freedom sentiments in Europe and weakened Metternich's stance against supporting the Greek rebels; 2) The Revolutions of 1830 spread from France to other countries and led to constitutional changes curbing absolute rulers; 3) The Revolutions of 1848 erupted across Europe as democratic and nationalist ideas overthrew existing regimes, culminating in Metternich's resignation in the face of rebellion in Austria and the end of his era of conservatism.

1. Causes of
Metternich
Downfall

2. Introduction
• Like all great leaders in history,
Metternich, after soaring to the
heights of the power and splendor
fell.
• The Causes of his downfall were
as follows:

3. The War of Greek Independence
(1821-1829)
 The Revolutions of 1830
 The Revolution of 1848

4. The War of Greek Independence
(1821-1829)

5. • In the 18th century the Ottoman
Empire (Turkey) was in the process
of disintegration.
Greeks were the subject
peoples who aspired to regain their
lost freedom.
• There were a number of advocates
of Greek nationalism like Korais
and Rhigas.

6. Korais (1748-1833)
a patriotic
writer who
awakened
Greek pride in
Hellenic
Culture and
language.

7. Rhigas (1760-1794)
the secretary
of Prince
Alexander
Ypsilanti, the
Greek governor of
Wallachia.

8. Hetairia Philike
o their followers founded this kind
of revolutionary society in the
Russian society of Odessa in 1814.
o purpose: emanate Greece from
Turkish bondage.
o Association of Friends

9. Prince Alexander Ypsilanti
in January 1821,
he led the Greek
revolt in Moldavia.
this revolt was
suppressed by the
Ottoman Turks.
the unfortunate
libertarian leader,
was imprisoned in
Austria by order of
Metternich.

10.  but the failure in Moldavia did not
stop the Greek patriots.
April 22, 1821
• Archbishop Germanos, a Greek
prelate-patriot, raised the flag of
revolution in Morea in southern
Greece.
• The war of Greek Independence
began.

12. What do you think the Greek War
of Independence shaped the
minds of people?

13.  it awakened the imagination of
Christian Europe.
lovers of freedom everywhere saw in it
the heroic struggle of gallant people
for liberty.
volunteers from all countries flocked
to the Greek standard.
Lord Byron, contributed his pen and
life for the Greek cause.

14. “rebels”
• Metternich, in defiance of public opinion
in Europe, refused to aid the Greek
patriots.
• he regarded the Greeks as “rebels”
• but he could not long check the
avalanche of popular sentiment in favor
of Christian Greece.
• France, England and Russia, supported
the Greek cause.

15. • their combined fleets destroyed the
Turco-Egyptian navy at the Battle of
Navarino (1827).

16. • a French army drove the Turks out of Morea.
• the Russians aided by the Serbs, routed the
Turks in the Balkans and marched toward the
Constantinople.
• the sultan signed the Treaty of Adrianople in
1829.

17. • This was erected to grant:
¤ independence to Greece
¤ autonomy to Servia, Moldavia and
Wallachia (Danubean Principalities)
¤ Russian consular jurusdiction over
Russian traders in Turkey

18. The Revolutions of 1830
ö weakened Metternich’s influence
ö these revolutions were directed
against the autocratic rulers
ö in France, Charles X enraged his
subjects by dissolving the Chamber of
Deputies and restricting their
constitutional rights.

19. ö The French patriots rose in revolution in
July 1830 and drove him to England.
Charles X
* was the last Bourbon King of France.
* He abdicated in his favor of his little
grandson, the Count of Chamboard.
* the successful revolutionist ignored the
little count and established a little
monarchy with Louis Philippe (Duke of
Orleans) as king.
* “Orleans Monarchy” (1830-48)

20. Louis Philippe Charles X

21. July Revolution

22. • 1830, in France spread to other
countries
• the Belgians rose against their Dutch
king and proclaimed their
independence in October 1830.
• Belgium was recognized as an
independent state by the London
agreement of 1831 with Leopold of
Saxe-Coburg as constitutional king

23. Leopold of Saxe-Coburg

24. The German states:
Hanover
Hesse-Cassel
Saxony
Brunswick
followed the example of
France and Belgium. They won some
constitutional concessions from their
rulers.

26. Revolutionary outbreaks also flared up
in Italy:
Naples
Piedmont
Modena
Parma
Papal stated
they were unsuccessful
because Metternich sent Austrian
troops to crush insurrections.

27. • In 1831, the
Poles also roles
in arms against
Russian rule.
They fought
valiantly, but
were defeated
by the Russian
forces sent by
Czar Nicholas I.
Czar Nicholas I

28. The
Revolutions
of 1848

29. started in France 1848, when King Louis
Philippe’s soldiers fired upon
demonstrating students in Paris.
 enraged by this atrocity, the people rose
in arms shouting: “Long Live the
Republic!”
 frightened Louis Philippe abdicated in
his favor of his grandson, the Count of
Paris.
The victorious revolutionists established
the Second French Republic (1848-1852)

30. Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte,
nephew of
Napoleon the
Great,was
elected the
the President
of the
Republic.

32. Louis Kossuth
 1848
 Magyar leader led the
libertarian struggle against
the Russian czar and
established the Republic of
Hungary which lasted only
for five months.
 Beaten in Battle, fled to
US.

33. The End of Metternich’s Era
• On March 13,1848 Metternich called
out the guards to disperse the rebels,
but they refused.
• The rebels stormed the emperor’s
palace, demanding the dismissal of
Prince Metternich.

34. • He resigned at his
office.
• March 14. he and his
wife quietly departed for
London.
• his beautiful palace was
sacked and burned by
angry populace.
• His downfall ended the
era in absolutism in
Europe
• He failed to destroy the
democratic legacies of
the French Revolution.