Napoleon rose to power in France after helping put down an uprising against the Directory. He gained popularity in the military for his tactics and victories over other European powers. However, his invasion of Russia in 1812 proved disastrous as his army was decimated by Russian retreat and winter. This defeat marked the beginning of the end for Napoleon. He was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and exiled to the remote island of St. Helena, where he died in 1821.

1. Bell Ringer GREEN BOOK PAGE 139 A VIEW OF NAPOLEON’S CHARACTER

2. Napoleonic Age

3. “ Under Robespierre blood was spilled and we had bread. Now blood is no longer spilled and we have no bread. Perhaps we must spill some blood in order to have bread.” Quote of peasants 1795

4. Napoleon rise to fame Help put down uprising Vs. Directory Directory struggled Continued to fight war vs 1 st coalition Directory worried people would want a military man to advanced to power Napoleon sent to Egypt Ability to move troops and use of artillery was major strength Forced Austria to give up Northern Italy

5. The Egyptian Campaign: To weaken the British trade with India 1798 was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!

7. Exaggerated claims of victory in Egypt France was losing war vs 1 st coalition England had organized the 2 nd Coalition with Austria and Russia. People lost faith in Directory With the government in disarray, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799.

8. How would things be different if the people of France found out that he had lost?

9. “ I found the crown of France on the ground and I picked it up with my sword!”

10. AGE OF NAPOLEON 1799-1814 Agreed with ideals of Revolution People must follow orders from leader

11. Consulate He proclaimed himself “First Consul” [Julius Caesar’s title] and did away with the elected Assembly [appointing a Senate instead]. Two other consuls under him In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.”

12. New consulate was submitted to the people in a plebiscite People vote yes or no Cannot make changes People voted for new government

13. What did Napoleon do for France Napoleonic Code Bank of France Educational System Concordat of 1801 Broke up 2 nd coalition Why would the people of France love a Dictator?

15. Plebiscite of 1804

16. People vote for an Empire Need an Emperor to rule Napoleon become Emperor Napoleon I

17. Not everyone happy with France Empire England was very upset France threaten the British commerce ,and control of the sea and its own empire

18. Third Coalition formed by Britain, Austria Russia and others Napoleon decides to take out British fleet and invade England

19. Battle of Traflagar British lead by Admiral Horatio Nelson England out numbered 33-27 “ Duty or Death” French losses 22 British loses 0 Kept France from invading England

23. Continental system Destroy British trade set up blockade of England Britain turns around and blockades France US caught in middle

25. Napoleon wipes out the 3 rd Coalition by defeating Russia and Austria at Austerlitz in December of 1805

26. Reorganization of Europe Redraws map of Europe Austria and Prussia forced to sigh peace treaty Russia allied with France Control of Netherlands and Spain Forced Denmark and Papal States into alliance Took German States into Confederation of the Rhine Abolished Holy Roman Empire Unified north Italy He ended serfdom and brought ideas of French Revolution

28. Brought something more dangerous to Napoleon. NATIONALISM!!!!!! How is Nationalism Dangerous?

29. Peninsular Wars 1807 Portugal Refused to obey Continental System France sent in troops France also took over Spain Put Brother in charge of Spain People oppose Napoleon Britain sends Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington) Drains French Resources

31. Russia 1812 Czar Alexander I Russia starts up trade with Britain Napoleon calls up 600,000 troops In spring of 1812 starts to invade Russia Russia’s strategy Retreat Scorched Earth Policy

32. By fall conquered Moscow No one there No place to stay Temps 30 below zero

33. October 19 1812 start return home Tough trip back home Only 100,000 troops make it back Monarchies break alliance with Napoleon

35. Defeats 4 th Coalition England, Russian Prussian and Austria At battle of Leipzig French defeated By March 1814 allies surround Paris Bad to worse Napoleon sent to Elba and Louis XVIII put in charge (brother to Louis XVI)

37. Hundred days People hate Louis rule (absolute power) Undoes changes of Napoleon Napoleon escapes island March 1 st 1815 meets army of Louis XVIII on the Alps March 20 th Napoleon reaches Paris Rules for 100 days England and Europe unhappy Napoleon will try to destroy coalition before it can get organized

38. Battle of Waterloo Defeated by Duke of Wellington and the Prussians Sent to the island of St. Helena Dies in 1821