he reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs — in both males and females — that work together for the purpose of procreating, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Due to its vital role in the survival of the species, many scientists argue that the reproductive system is among the most important systems in the entire body.
The female reproductive system provides several functions.
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop.
If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow.
In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be menopausal.
he reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs — in both males and females — that work together for the purpose of procreating, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Due to its vital role in the survival of the species, many scientists argue that the reproductive system is among the most important systems in the entire body.
The female reproductive system provides several functions.
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur.
The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop.
If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow.
In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system gradually stops making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to work. At this point, menstrual cycles can become irregular and eventually stop.
One year after menstrual cycles stop, the woman is considered to be menopausal.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
Students be able to identify the various structures of the male reproductive systems and state their functions;
Students be able to identify the various structures of the female reproductive systems and state their functions
Reproduction is the process that continues life on Earth
Males and females each have structures specialized for their roles in reproduction.
Hormones are the key to how the human reproductive system functions,
Sex hormones are necessary for the development of sexual characteristics, such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.
Hormones from the pituitary gland also begin the production of eggs in females and sperm in males. Eggs and sperm transfer hereditary information from one generation to the next.
This presentation will cover human reproduction system in detail.
It covers the male as well as the female reproductive system.
Later the slides includes information on menstrual cycle and their phases .
The slides also cover the vital hormones of the reproductive system along with their functions.
# I hope this slide is helpful to you all readers
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
Students be able to identify the various structures of the male reproductive systems and state their functions;
Students be able to identify the various structures of the female reproductive systems and state their functions
Reproduction is the process that continues life on Earth
Males and females each have structures specialized for their roles in reproduction.
Hormones are the key to how the human reproductive system functions,
Sex hormones are necessary for the development of sexual characteristics, such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.
Hormones from the pituitary gland also begin the production of eggs in females and sperm in males. Eggs and sperm transfer hereditary information from one generation to the next.
This presentation will cover human reproduction system in detail.
It covers the male as well as the female reproductive system.
Later the slides includes information on menstrual cycle and their phases .
The slides also cover the vital hormones of the reproductive system along with their functions.
# I hope this slide is helpful to you all readers
Mr. Carlos “Charlie” S. Gonzales who started ULTICON with a vision and philosophy based on an age-old belief that there is no substitute for hard work, persistence and determination in making things work and in its commitment to deliver to its principal proponent a project completed on time and at high standards of work quality.
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOIRON PARTICLES REINFORCED EPOXY/POLYESTER NANOCO...IAEME Publication
We report on synthesis of two highly dissolve nanoparticles viz. Fe2 O3 & f-Fe2 O3using chemical reduction method. Reaction effect was initiated to mix up solution 1 (i.e.Fecl3 6H2 o) into solution 2 (i.e. Fecl2 4H2 o) as one under the occurrence of ammonium to build up nanoiron (NI) particles. Mechanical properties as above mentioned nanoiron particles filled with polyester and epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated to assess the possibility of using this filler as a latest material. Functionalization agent as Methacryloxypropyl was used to prepare f-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles. f-Fe2 O3 nanocomposites of mechanical properties were improved with the help of functionalization when compared with nanocomposites of Fe2 O3 Nanoiron particles functionalization favours the composite fabrication with a curing temperature at low as compared to the as-synthesised nanoparticles filled polyester nanocomposites. Mechanical properties carried out are Hardness, Impact strength, Tensile strength, Flexural strength and Compression strength. Mechanical property values increased due to the homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion and chemical bonding between polyester matrix and nanoparticles. After incorporation nanoiron particles into the polyester resin matrix it becomes magnetically harder. Machines generated mechanical property values were compared and analysed with system generated software analysis of variance (ANOVA) values
complete human reproduction
At copulation, or sexual intercourse, the erect penis is inserted into the vagina, and spermatozoa contained in the seminal fluid (semen) are ejaculated into the female genital tract. Spermatozoa then pass from the vagina through the uterus to the fallopian tube to fertilize the ovum in the outer part of the tube.
The reproductive events in humans include formation of gametes (gametogenesis), i.e., sperms in males and ovum in females, transfer of sperms into the female.
Reproduction is process to maintain continuation of species by which
- new individuals of a species are produced
- genetic material is passed from generation to generation
Cell division in a multicellular organism is necessary for growth and it involves passing of genetic material from parent cells to daughter cells
Performed by reproductive system
REPORT ABSTRACT:
In dealing topics regarding gender and society, it is essential to discuss the anatomy and physiology of reproduction, the process of reproduction, sexual health and hygiene, adolescents, and risky behaviors. The male and female reproductive systems complement one another to produce new birth; thus, knowing about each parts of the system are fundamental in this subject. Regarding pregnancy and contraception, it is a knowledge that must be known to teens and adolescent for the future and decision-making of a teenager. Sexual healthcare and hygiene are also a primary need of every human body. It is very important to our daily routine, not just in teenage or adolescence but throughout our whole lives. Also, adolescence is when risky behaviors restrain us to become responsible adults; thus, it is important to know the different preventive interventions. Throughout this lesson, these important topics were elaborated to expound prior knowledge.
MEMBERS:
Ampig, Isidro
Arandela, Yvonne Grace
Francisco, Joseven
Labustro, Ian Harvey
Lor, Fritzie
Obejero, Maynard
Siva, Syramae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
1. The Male And Female
Reproductive
Systems
(Let’s Keep it clean,
people!)
2. Sex Cell Production
In most animals cells are produced in 2
ways:
Mitosis – cell reproduction; asexual
Meiosis – sex cell production; produces 4
gametes that are genetically non-identical
3. Variations
Mainly during Meiosis:
– Crossing Over – recombination of genes
– Independent assortment of chromosomes
– Mutation – produces new characteristics that
can be passed – only in sex cells
5. Parts to the System
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS:
In Scrotum
– Testes – produce sperm in tightly coiled tubes:
Seminiferous Tubules - meiosis
– Interstitial Cells – in between seminiferous tubules:
produce TESTOSTERONE
– Epididymis – stores maturing sperm
Tubes
– Vas Deferens – carries sperm from epididymis to urethra.
– Urethra – in penis. Exit point for sperm
Food and Travel -
– Seminal Vesicles – releases “sugars”
– Prostate Gland – releases alkaline solution
– Cowper’s Gland – fluid to lubricate urethra, flush out urine
Hormones:
– GnRH stimulates production of FSH and LH(ICSH)
6. HORMONES and NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK
GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH
LH stimulates the production of testosterone.
FSH works on “sartoli’ cells to provide nourishment for
sperm.
Sartoli cells produce a hormone “inhibin” which inhibits
the pituitary and hypothalamus resulting in lower levels
of FSH
HIGH LEVELS OF TESTOSTERONE PRODUCES NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK ON THE PITUITARY GLAND DECREASING
LEVELS OF LH (ICRH).
15. Parts and Functions
Parts and Functions:
– Ovaries –eggs produced in cavities:
FOLLICLES. Released at Ovulation.
– Oviduct – passageway for egg. SITE of
fertilization
– Uterus – muscular, pear shaped. Holds
developing organism
– Cervix – lower end of uterus
– Vagina – entry point for sperm. Exit
point for Fetus. Birth Canal.
19. General: Hormones from Glands control cycle:
– Hypothalamus(in brain): GnRH…….secreted to
Pituitary:
FSH –
– Stimulates growth of egg
– Stimulates secretion of estrogen
LH –
– Stimulates ovulation
– Stimulates empty follicle to convert to corpus luteum
– Stimulates corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone
– Ovary
Estrogen
– Stimulates repair and growth of the uterus
Progesterone
– Stimulates and maintains growth of the uterine lining
20. Stages of Menstruation
Menstruation – (5 days)
– Egg not fertilized
– Inner Uterine lining (endometrium) breaks down and passes out of the
vagina(with the egg).
Follicle Stage – (9 days)
– FSH production increases
– Follicles in ovaries develop. (oocyte)
– Estrogen secreted to heal, repair, and thicken endometrium with blood
vessels
Ovulation – Middle of Cycle--- 1 day
– High level of estrogen decreases FSH and stimulates secretion of LH
– High level of LH – Follicle ruptures and egg is released.
Corpus Luteum Stage – ( 13 days)
– Corpus Luteum is produced in ruptured follicle…stimulates progesterone
production.
– Maintains endometrial growth.
– Egg implantation if fertilization takes place
21.
22. Hormones: – and + feedback
ESTROGEN
– Negative feedback on pituitary to block FSH
release.
– Positive feedback on pituitary to signal release
of LH
Progesterone
– Negative feedback to block FSH release
– Negative feedback to block LH release
24. Copulation vs. Fertilization
Copulation –
– Coupling
– Physical contact between male and female
needed for sperm to move from male to
female: intercourse
Fertilization
– Fusion of male and female nuclei to produce a
zygote
28. After Fertilization
MALE AND FEMALE GAMETES LINE UP AT THE
EQUATOR
PREPARE FOR 1ST MITOTIC DIVISION
NO CELL GROWTH
“CLEAVAGE DIVISION”
AFTER SEVERAL DIVISIONS:
– BALL OF CELLS = MORULA
REACHES UTERUS IN APPX. 4 DAYS
Implantation – into wall of the
endometrium
35. Parturition
Prostglandin – hormone- like substances; help to
stimulate contractions.
Oxytocin – hormone – released by pituitary gland
POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
Parturition – process of delivering the fetus and
placenta. Includes
– Labour – dilation of cervix, vagina
– Expulsion – Birth
– Afterbirth – delivery of placenta
40. Amniocentesis and CVS
Amniocentesis –
•inserting a needle
into the uterus
through a very
small incision in
the abdomen
• needle takes
amniotic fluid –
contains embryonic
cells.
• used to detect
genetic defects
41. In vitro fertilization
Approximately 1 of 6 couples
Used mainly as a way to overcome a
female infertility (physiological)
issue: blocked oviducts or timely
ovulation
Cannot be used in the case of low
sperm count.
43. IVF Process
1. Drug given to stop menstrual cycle.
2. Large doses of FSH given – 2 weeks
3. HCG given 48 hours before collection – matures eggs
4. Man provides semen.
5. Eggs extracted through the vagina
6. Each egg is mixed with some sperm in a petri dish –
incubated 24 hours
7. Check to see if fertilized!
8. Embryo’s selected and placed in uterus
9. Wait approximately 2 to 3 weeks and take pregnancy
test – implantation
10. Scan as normal for any developmental issues
44. Ethical Issues of IVF
Pro: Against:
Environmental infertility Fate of extra embryos?
will not affect offspring Long term storage of
Not developed – no pain embryos – stem cells?
to embryo Multi pregnancy places
Genetic screening before stress on family
transferring Expensive
Parents have strong High rate of failure
desire for child religious
46. Permanent Contraception
– Female sterilization (tubal
ligation)
– Vasectomy
Mechanical
– Diaphragm
– Intra Uterine Device
– Condom
Chemical
– Spermicide
– Birth control pill*
– “day-after” pill*
Other
– Rhythm - cycle
– Withdrawal before ejaculation
– Abortion
47. Birth Control and “Day After” Pill
Birth Control – synthetic estrogens and
progesterone(s) that prevent release of
GnRH ---- FSH & LH
Morning After –
– Blocks progesterone receptors in uterus.
– altering the lining of the womb, so a fertilized
egg can't embed itself there.
48. Ethics of Family Planning and
Contraception
Pro Against
Can choose to get Most not 100%
pregnant effective
A few methods 100% Promotes promiscuity
effective Abstinence difficult in
Population control marriage
Irreversible
50. Puberty in Males
Marked by a sharp increase in
testosterone production:
Production of sperm: primary!!
Secondary:
Enlargement of penis and testes
Growth of body hair: face, underarm, pubic
Deepening of voice
Broad shoulders - muscle
51. Puberty in Females
Marked by the onset of the menstrual
cycle
Egg production: primary!
Secondary:
– Breast Development
– Body curve – placement of tissue
– Hair: underarm, pubic
52. Developmental Terms to Know
Zygote – newly fertilized egg
Cleavage – first series of cell divisions; multiple
rounds of mitosis
Morula – 4-16 cells; solid ball of cells
Blastomere – cells of the morula
Blastocyst – after 5 days; develops a hollow
cavity
Implantation – blastocyst penetrates
endometrium
Endometrium – uterine lining
Gestation – pregnancy, 40 weeks
55. Implantation
Blastocyst contains fluid filled cavity called
blastocoel.
Blastocyst:
– Two parts:
– Inner mass cells - will develop into the embryo
– Trophoblast – releases HCG hormone; digests a hole into
the endometrium
HCG helps to maintain progesterone levels
during pregnancy. Pregnancy test.