The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes key parts of both systems including the penis, testes, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles in males. In females, it outlines the breasts, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina. It also explains processes like spermatogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, menstruation, and menopause. The reproductive system allows genetic material to pass from parents to offspring, ensuring continuation of the species.

1. I D PHARM
HumananatomyANDPHYSIOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Lakshman v bendre
Asst. prof
Dept. pharmacology
Om college of pharmacy

2. Reproductive system
Reproduction: It is defined as the process by which
genetic material is passed from one generation to
another generation thus maintains the continuation
of species.
OR
Is a biological process by which new offspring (new
individual organism) are produced from their
parents.
 It typically involves sexual intercourse between the
male and female reproductive systems.
 During sexual intercourse the interaction between
the male and female gamete results in fertilization
of the female’s ovum by the male’s sperm.

4. Male reproductive system
1.Penis: It is a copulatory organ which contain
terminal parts of urethra. The expanded portion of
the tip of penis is called Glans penis.
The parts of penis are …
1.Corpora cavernosa: These are two pillars of erectile
tissue lying side by side under the skin of penis
2.Corpora spongiosum: It contains the urethra lies
below corpora cavernosa.
3.Glans penis: It is the enlarge tip of penis.
4.Propuce: It is a fold of skin covering the glans penis.
Function : Introduces sperms into vagina during
copulation

5. Male reproductive organ

6. 1.TESTIS
 Testis are the male reproductive
organ which produce
spermatozoa.(Sperm)
 These are two oval shaped bodies
which are covered by
scrotum(2.5oC) by means of
spermatic cords forms bag are
pouch for the two testis.
 Seminiferous tubules: In testis a
group of 200-300 cells combined
and form seminiferous tubules.
These produces sperm by
spermatogenesis.
 Epididymis: The sperm are
transported out of testis into a
tube called epididymis.
Functionally it is site of sperm
maturation. This continues to
form vas deference.

7. 2.Vas deference: It is the continuation of epididymis.
They get dilate to form ampulla which stores sperms
and conveys sperms from epididymis to urethra.
3.Seminal vesicles: They are two small
fibromuscular pouches which lies at the terminal
part of vasa deference. Both vas deference and
seminal vesicles joins together to form a duct called
as ejaculatory duct.
Function:
It produces secretion which is added to spermatozoa
during ejaculation.

8. Prostate gland
 It lies below the bladder in
pelvic cavity. It is pyramidal
in shape.
 The prostate gland gradually
increases it’s size from birth
to puberty.
Function: It secrets an alkaline
milky fluid which neutralizes
the acidity of semen and vaginal
secretion thus greatly increases
fertility and motility of
sperms(spermatozoa).

9. Constituents of semen[Alkaline pH 7.2-7.6]
Semen is the fluid ejaculated during
intercourse from urethra. It consist of;
a.Spermatozoa(sperms)
b.Viscous fluid which helps to nourish
sperms
c.Mucus secreted by lining of glands
d.Antibiotic semen plasmin which has
ability to destroy number of bacteria.

10. Spermatogenesis:
It is the process of formation
of motile sperms
(spermatozoa) from
Spermatogonia.
It is fallowed by three phases.
1.Multiplication
2.Growth phase
3.Maturation phase

11. Sperm ( Spermetazoa)

12. Female Reproductive system
The female genital organs can be classified as.
1. Secondary organs: Breasts(Mammary glands)
2. External genital organs: Mons veneries
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Hymen
3. Internal genital organs: Vagina
Uterus
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes

13. Breast (mammary gland)
• Breast is the glandular tissue overlying
on pectoral muscle of chest.
• These are accessory sex organs in female
which secret milk.
• Milk producing part of breast is
organized into 15 -20 sections, called
LOBES. each lobes are made up of
smaller structure called Lobules.
• Milk travels through a network of tiny
tubes called lactiferous ducts, which
passes toward nipple.
Function: After child birth Prolactin of
anterior pituitary secrets the milk while
oxytocin helps to ejaculation.

14. Female Reproductive organ

15. External genital oragn
1.Mons veneris: It is the fat lying in front of
symphysis pubis which is covered with
pubic hair at puberty.
2.Labia majora: They are two large folds
which form the boundary of vulva.
3.Labia minora (nyphae): These are two
small folds of skin situated between the
upper part of labia majora.
3.Clitoris: It is small erectile tissue situated
at the apex of vestibule. It is sensitive and
responses to penis.
4.Hymen: It is a thin mucus membrane
which covers the vaginal orifice. It is
perforated centrally to allow menstrual
discherge.

16. Internal genital oragan
 Vagina: It is a canal made of
muscular walls. It extends
from vaginal orifice to
cervix. A small projection of
vagina above the outer
surface of uterus called
fornix.
 Uterus: Uterus or womb is a
hallow muscular organ
situated in pelvis. It is
covered by peritoneum. It
lies in between bladder and
rectum.
The uterus divided into 3
parts…
1) Fundus
2) Body
3) Cervix

17.  Ovaries: These are two in number . They lie on
either sides of uterus.
The ovary attaches to fallopian tube with the help
of ligament.
Structure of ovary contains…
1.Central soft tissue called stroma
2.An outer surface called Germinal epithelium.
Functions:
1.Formation, development and liberation of ovum
from germinal epithelium
2.Secreion of oestrogen by Graffian follicle
3.Secretion of progesterone by Corpus luteum

18.  Fallopian tube(Uterine tube): these two in
number.
 They arise from upper angles of uterus
It is made up of fallowing layers
1. Outer peritoneal layer
2.Middle muscular layer
3.Inner mucus layer
Function :
It act as passage for ovum from ovary to uterus.
Fertilization of ova and sperm takes place in this
tube

19. Ovulation:
 Maturation of graffian
follicle and liberation of
ovum is termed as ovulation.
 The ovary contains graffian
follicles.
 These follicles are about
40000 in number they are
formed during fetal life the
rest get degenerated at
menopause.


20. OOGENESIS

21. Menstruation:
Menstrual Cycle
It is a cyclic phase of the
flow of blood with sheds of
endometrium from the
uterus woman at monthly
intervals is called.
Phases of menstrual
cycle:
I.Destructive phase
II.Follicular phase
III.Luteal phase

22. I. Destructive phase
II. Follicular phase: It extend for the next 9
days. During this time repair of endometrium
occurs. At this stage graffian follicle of ovary
matures and ova develop inside.
Around the 14th day of menstrual cycle graffian
follicle ruptures and release the ova.
The graffian follicle now becomes corpus leutium.
III. Luteal phase

23. Menopause:
• Is the cessation of women’s reproductive ability.
• It is usually natural change which occurs in
women`s midlife during the late 40`s or early
50s
• It accompanied by following characters
1.Flushing and sweating
2.Shrinking of breast
3.Atrophy of sex organ
4.Episodes of undefined behaviour

24. tHANK yOU