This document discusses the four stages of voice production: respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation. It describes each stage in detail, including the mechanics of breathing, vocal cord vibration, sound amplification in the cavities, and shaping of sounds by the articulators. It also covers topics like tone quality, loudness, common phonatory faults, and the importance of proper breathing, resonance, and articulation for clear speech.

1. Jovy D. Elimanao – Mihm, MAEd
The Human Voice

2. •A fool looks like
everyone else until he
opens his mouth.

3. • Speaking is innate to man. We
are endowed with speech
mechanisms to live in a
civilized society.

4. • A person is known better by the time
he opens his mouth.
• Voice variety adds “seasoning” to
one’s speech.
• Expression and flexibility prevents
monotony.

5. The
Four Stages
of
Voice
Production

6. Stage 1
RESPIRATION

7. Respiration
Made up of two
sub-stages:
Inhalation
and
exhalation

8. Respiration cont.
The diaphragm
is the chief
muscle of
inhalation.
It contracts and
exerts a pull in
one direction
afterwhich it
relaxes.

10. Respiration cont.
In breathing
for speech, a
deeper,
quicker and
unobtrusive
inhalation is
demanded.

11. Respiration cont.
During speech,
inhalations are
brief, occurring at
the pauses
between phrases.

12. Points to
Remember in
Breathing
for Speech

13. 1. The breath
should come
easy, with no
apparent
effort.

14. There should be no
strain in taking full
breath or in
consciously
controlling its
release.

15. 2. The rhythm
of breathing
must conform
to the rhythm
of speech.

16. 3. Both the
mouth and the
nasal passages
are used in
breathing
during speech.

17. 4. Frequent sips of
air should be
taken when
pausing between
phrases, so
shortage of breath
does not occur.

18. Never wait until
the breath is gone
before taking a
fresh breath.

19. 5. There must be
proper control
of exhalation so
that tones have
sufficient
support.

20. Poor control of
breathing
apparatus causes
weak, quivering
tones.

21. 6. Loud tones are
given considerable
pressure in
exhalation; soft,
low tones are
possible with little
pressure.

22. 7. Proper
posture is
needed for
effective
voice
production.

23. Stage 2
PHONATION

24. Phonation is the
production of
basic sounds by
the vibration of
the vocal cords.

25. It occurs when
the exiting air
exerts force on
the vocal folds
located in the
throat.

26. It involves the
production,
modification, and
variation of the
tones of the
speaker’s voice as
he speaks.

27. TONE of voice is
the unique
quality of sound
made by a
speaker.

28. QUALITY refers
to the general
characteristics of
the tone.
It is sometimes
called timbre.

29. QUALITY is
described as

30. Shrill

31. Strident

32. Metallic

33. Muffled

34. Breathy

35. Nasal

36. Denasal

37. Hoarse

38. Husky

39. Harsh

40. Clear

41. Resonant

42. Rich

43. Mellow

44. Stage 3
RESONATION

45. Resonation
is the
amplification
of sounds.

46. The phonated
sound in the
vocal folds is
usually not loud
enough to be
heard.

47. This sound is
amplified in
three
neighboring
cavities.

48. Pharyngeal
cavity or
throat

49. Oral cavity
or the
mouth

50. Nasal
cavity or
the nose

52. Loudness and
volume are
words used
related to
resonation.

53. Loudness
refers to the
degree of
audibility.

54. Volume refers
to the intensity
or bigness of
the sound.

55. The body of
the tone is the
breath.

56. The loudness of
each word or
phrases speaks
of its
importance.

57. Stage 4
ARTICULATION

58. Articulation is the process
by which vocal sounds
become speech sounds,
syllable, and words.

59. Precision and sharpness of
articulation come from
active use of the
articulators in line with the
demands of a language.

60. Articulators are the organs
that give final shape to the
tone. There are seven
articulators found in the
mouth.

61. lips, teeth, gum ridge,
hard palate, soft palate
(velum), tongue and
lower jaw.

63. Phonatory
Faults

64. 1. Breathiness

65. Results from
poor balance
of speech
mechanism

66. It occurs when
unvocalized
breath is
allowed to
escape along
with the voice.

67. 2. Weakness

68. Too light
pressure of the
breath stream,
inadequate
response of
the vocal folds.

69. 3. Harshness

70. Jerky, cough-
like sound
caused by a
strained
condition of
the throat.

71. 4. Pinched
tone

72. Effect when
one talks as if
trying to be
heard over
noise.

73. 5. Faulty
Nasal
Resonance

74. Dull,
smothered
quality from
too much tone
allowed to
reverberate in
the nasal
chamber.

75. 6.
Denasalization

76. Results from
severe cold or
other nasal
obstructions
that makes /m/,
/n/, /ŋ/ difficult
to pronounce.

77. That's all, folks!