Oral communication involves the transmission of ideas, feelings, and opinions using voice and language, facilitated by technology such as phone and video calls. It has key characteristics including being dynamic, context-dependent, and requiring at least two participants, while potential defects may arise from poor vocabulary, nervousness, and incoherent expression. Various classification types exist for oral communication, and effective techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing and modulation can improve clarity and projection.

1. Oral Communication.

2. Definition:
Oral communication is the type of communication that is
established between two or more people, allows us to transmit a
number of ideas, feelings, beliefs and opinions using the voice to
reproduce the sounds and words that carry a message, has as a means
of transmission the air through which the messages travel and that
also possesses an important code called language.
With the advancement of technology,
oral communication can be produced
through other physical means, can be
carried out via telephone by call, video
call or even voice note.
This form of communication is more
powerful because it not only includes
the words of the speaker but also
includes changes in the tone, nuance,
speed and volume of the voice.

3. Characteristics
 Oral communication uses voice to convey messages.
 For it to exist there must be at least two persons, one of whom will be the
issuer and the other will have the role of receiver.
 The communication process is framed within a context.
 It is a kind of spontaneous, direct and simple communication.
 He uses body language to reject or emphasize a message.
 It is dynamic and immediate.
 It belongs to the human being.
 Fleeting character, this communication obliges that the communication
contents are codified, decodified and the feedback is produced within a short
period of time.

4. Defects.
 The use of bad words will define you as a
person, if you are someone who is
frequently swearing from other people’s point of view this will make you a
vulgar person, and depending on where you are and how you express
yourself it will define you as a person.
 The vocabulary is very deficient, it is limited and
does not let the clarity of the message get through.
 Errors in pronunciation is frequently
observed in those words that are not used
frequently and you do not have a good
knowledge, just as they can also be words
that are known and said very frequently
but by habit they are not pronounced well.
 The use of pet word is when
you say a word several times
at the moment of speaking,
this happens due to lack of
vocabulary, little knowledge
on a topic, nervousness or
just a bad habit.
 Nerves are a cause of
insecurity, although they are
expressed more at the time of
an exhibition, where the
person may be unaware of the
subject, confuse words and
blank.
 The volume applies depending on the
environment or who you’re talking to, if
you have a large audience and you don’t
have a microphone you need to try to talk
as hard as possible so that everyone can
take advantage of the talk, If you’re talking
to a person and he’s very close to you,
there’s no need to raise your voice so
much. The lack of coherence is when
several things are said but it
makes no sense.

5. Oral communication can be classified as follows:
Singular: a receiver or more does not
have the immediate possibility to
respond and therefore communication
goes only in one direction an example
of this is television, political discourses
or master classes.
Dual: when two interlocutors can take
on the role of sender and receiver,
such as a job interview, a phone call
and dialogues between friends.
Plural: three or more interlocutors
may alternatively adopt the roles of
sender and receiver. This type of
communication can be given in
neighborhood meetings, a class
discussion or a conversation between
several friends.

6. Respiration is the
action of taking air
from the air and
expelling carbon
dioxide.
There are 3 forms of
breathing: clavicular,
thoracic and
diaphragmatic.
Correct breathing is
called
DIAPHRAGMATIC,
because depositing air
in the abdomen allows
the diaphragm muscle
to be the support and
catapult of air that will
vibrate your vocal
cords.
Respiration.

7. Types
Clavicular: Respiration is the one that I least recommend because it is very
supeficial.. It is when air is taken and it stays at collarbone height. When we
inhale we lift the shoulders and collarbone, and we plunge the abdomen. You
make a lot of effort but you get little air. Nervous, anxious, or tense people are
the ones who practice it the most. They are short breaths and breaths that do
not let a significant amount of air in. And so the voice is heard as well. Broken
and anxious
Thoracic: It is done by
expanding the thorax and is
another type of incomplete
breathing. The air enters a little
deeper than in the clavicular
but it is not the most advisable,
especially if we want to relax,
use the voice without getting
tired and modulating. When you
breathe in, your lungs swell and
your chest lifts up. If you
practice lying on your back, you
can see it better.
Diaphragmatic: This form of breathing
allows us to speak clearly without getting
tired and without getting hoarse. It is done
by inspiring the nose and depositing the air
in the abdomen to achieve that the
diaphragm muscle is the support and we can
ration the amount of air we need to achieve
the vibration of the vocal cords in such a way
that pleasant sounds are emitted and not
voices squeaky and flashy. If you look at a
baby’s breathing in the crib, you’ll realize
exactly what diaphragmatic breathing looks
like. That’s why babies can cry all night and
don’t get aphonic.

8. Exercises.

9. Let’s train our chest for abdominal breathing: Through the nose, breathe in
slowly, taking care that the air it takes pushes the muscles of the abdomen.
Feel how your stomach tends to rise. You are not only filling your lungs but
also the abdominal cavity. Then, also slowly, it expels the air as if it were
blowing gently. Of course, when it releases the air, its stomach will deflate. It is
recommended to do this practice ten times in the morning and ten times in the
evening for seven days. Little by little you will notice that your ribcage asks or is
more willing to receive more air. These abdominal breaths must be deep and
slow. Nothing will be gained by sharp exercises.
Always practice in a standing position, lifting your head moderately, loosening
your arms and without muscle tension, when you breathe, do not lift your
chest or shoulders.
In the second week, aspirate in the indicated way and, after deep aspiration,
stop the introduced air (10 seconds) and then release it by blowing slowly. Do
this ten times in the morning and ten times in the evening for one week.
In the third week we will take advantage of that breath to better manage the air
and transform it into sounds. To do this, by expelling the air, instead of blowing
slowly, we will emit the sound of the letter u, continuously, without cutting the
air outlet: Uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu…
The sound emission must be soft, very weak, so as not to waste air. The letter u
is recommended because the position of the lips to pronounce it prevents us
from wasting air. Thus we began to exercise better air management and control
of the multiple muscles involved in the oral language. Do not worry if at first
the letter uuuuuuuuuuuuu… a little shaky or with variations.

10. Precisely, that will show you that you do not yet master the "air outlet",
because, through continuous exercise, you will sound uniform and firm. We
could actually compare our air discharge to a gas or water tap. We can regulate
the outlet of the water, opening the tap so that a strong and big jet comes out,
or closing it, so that a weak and thin jet comes out, but even. Thus, our sounds
can come out strong or weak, depending on the amount of air we use in its
emission and the technique we use to strengthen the corresponding muscles.
From the fourth week, and with the same rhythm of practice, realize deep
aspirations and emit sounds with different vowels but varying the intensity;
that is, sometimes making them sound strong and others very weak. Obviously,
when it produces loud sounds, the air will run out faster; but, in this way, it
will learn to master its output and to know variations of modulation.
In the fifth week, we enter the differentiation of nasal sounds: with the same
air, instead of vowels, pronounce the letters m and n. For effect, inhale deeply,
make mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm… and nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn….
alternately on each breath. Pay special attention to the repercussion of those
sounds throughout your head. Feel how all of it vibrates. You will notice that
air comes out through the nose when you say mmmmmm… or nnnnnn… and
that it resonates in your head. Check by covering your nose for a second. Each
time, try to make those sounds louder. Then, mix those consonants with
vowels. For example: nnnnnnnnnnnnaaaaaaa… nnnnnnnnnnnneeeeee…
(imitate a moo)
It can take in more air and it’s strengthening that membrane called the
diaphragm. Now you, thanks to your breathing, can feel the difference between
what it is to scream and what it is to speak up.

11. When he screams, he’s irritating his throat and straining his vocal cords.
Instead, when he speaks aloud, he is only making better use of his air and
projecting more sound.
To project or better place your voice these exercises come: make sure that the
sound produced by the passage of air through your vocal cords, making them
vibrate, shock and resonate on your palate and come out loud, clear and
sonorous, outward.
Practice singing a musical phrase.
Raise your head so the sound can come out whole. Imagine that you are
sending your voice at a certain distance (for example at 5 meters) and that you
must get there with all your strength and clarity. Then, imagine that your voice
should reach 10 meters and make it come straight, sharp and strong.
It is also good to alternate varying the volume; that is, at another time sing very
short (piano) as if singing to the ear of a person. But continue to draw your air
properly, continue diaphragmatic breathing, and only reduce the intensity of
your air discharge. Only the volume should vary. But, singing loud or piano,
you should listen the same, be very close or at a distance.
Finally, another exercise to control or manage the exit of your air: Take a lit
candle and close your lips about four to three centimeters from the flame and
pronounce the letter u for a long time. The sound (air) should come out very
slowly. Practice is not to extinguish the flame. Of course, this will be achieved if
you master, regulate or manage your air, because if you breathe too loud, it will
extinguish the flame. Do this exercise as many times as necessary until you
say: uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu… very close to the flame, do not turn it
off.

12. Diction.
It is that capacity that a person has to
speak correctly, to say, to establish
orally the ideas that we possess in
abstract in our mind, it is not only the
expression or content but especially
the form, that is, to be able to speak
correctly, error-free, powerful and
clearly so that the message reaches
the receiver more easily. On the
contrary, a bad diction occurs when
there is some anomaly in the utterance
of words or in the construction of a
sentence..
Intonation.
It is the variation in the succession
of heights or frequencies when
pronouncing the syllables that make
up the words that constitute the
sentence, having connection with the
content that is to be communicated.
With the intonation variants the
vocal cords vibrate differently in
terms of their frequency.
Applying different intonations, which
function as signals, it is possible to
enunciate, question, command or
express admiration. It is not the
same to say: Come on Thursday, say
Come on Thursday? or Come on
Thursday! and set pauses between
statements