This document discusses phonemes, the smallest units of sound that distinguish words in a language. It defines phonemes and explains why learning phonemes is important for second language English learners. It provides charts of the English consonant and vowel phoneme systems showing their place and manner of articulation. Examples are given of different consonant phoneme types like plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, and approximants. The document concludes with suggestions for teaching phonemes through songs, silent teaching methods using charts, and physical drills.

1. PHONEMES

2. AGHA KOUSAR
Phonemes
Tss NAWABSHAH
27-MAY-2017
Bs-English
Ms-English

3. AGHA KOUSAR
Phonemes
Tss NAWABSHAH
27-MAY-2017
Bs-English
Ms-English

4. WHY WE LEARN PHONEMES
•James Pitman state, “l2 speaker of English
language should learn sound of alphabets
before knowing name of Alphabets.
•It will help them to attach, mix, fix sound to
gather to produce words.

5. For example
Different words have different sounds to utter or pronounce.

7. What is phonemes
•Smallest unit of language
•distinct units of sound in a specified
language that distinguish one word from
another, for example p, b, d, and t in the
English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.

8. Which one sound is different.

9. phone?
•Phoneme is taken from the greek word
phone=sound used for communication.

10. Speech organ used to produce sound

11. Voiced and Voiceless
•Vibration like sound are Voiced and
vice versa are voiceless
•[f] [v]
•[s] [z]

12. Consonant IPA Chart

13. English Consonants

14. Plosive sounds
•a consonant that is produced by stopping
the airflow using the lips, teeth, or palate,
followed by a sudden release of air.
•Bilabials [p], [b]
•Alveolar [t], [d]
•Velar [k], [g]

15. Articulation

16. Examples

17. Fricative sounds
•a consonant sound, such as English f or
v, produced by bringing the mouth into
position to block the passage of the
airstream, but not making complete
closure, so that air moving through the
mouth generates audible friction.

18. positions

20. Labiodental

21. position

22. “
”
Examples
Fricatives Initial Medial Final
/f/ fast confer deaf
/v/ void bevel dove

23. Dental

24. Plato-alveolar

25. alveolar

26. /h/ Glottal Fricative:

27. examples
Fricative Initial Medial
/h/ hen behave

28. Affricates
• It also determines the type and degree of hindrance the airflow
meets on its way out affected by the closure. The closure adopts
different manners for different sounds. For instance, during the
articulation of the affricate sounds the following sequence of
events occurs
Affricates Initial Medial Final
/tʃ/ Chip butcher Catch
/dz/ jam aged luggage

29. articulation

30. Nasal Sounds
•during their articulation the airflow
escapes through the nasal cavity as
there is a complete closure in the
oral cavity.

31. monkey

32. Bilabial

33. Alveolar

34. velar

35. Lateral
• a consonant sound produced by raising the tip of the tongue
against the roof of the mouth so that the airstream flows past
one or both sides of the tongue.

36. Glide [w]

37. Glide [j] as y “semi-vowel” measure

38. Rhotic [r] as

39. Vowels

40. Vowel Sounds

41. Place of articulation

42. Schwa

43. Diphthong

45. Revise

46. Activity
• Distribute sheets among participants
• Make group of 5 member.
• Worksheet provided to participants of all phonemes
• Give different themes to all group.
• Assignment to search ten words of each sounds.
• Check for improvement.

47. suggestions
1)Play an interesting English song loudly.
2)Ask non native English speakers that how many
words or sentence they have noticed or
remember from song.
3)Discuss silent methods of teaching by applying
chart of black background and colorful sounds
blocks
4)Also discuss drills like pat, bat, set, head
5)Also define total physical approach to teach