The document discusses reading disorders, their symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments. It notes that reading disorders affect about 20% of people and interfere with reading ability despite normal intelligence. Remedial instruction is designed for students performing below grade level and involves reviewing skills, modeling concepts, guided practice, independent practice, and applying skills to other texts to remedy reading weaknesses. A child's reading difficulties led to a diagnosis of a disorder and recommendation for remedial instruction by their teacher.

2. Reading as a skill
•Reading is a skill that is
important for
communication,
education, and most
fields of work.

3. Reading disorders
•Reading disorders
interfere with people’s
ability to read and
affect how they learn to
read.

4. Common Names
Reading
disabilities

5. Reading
disorders

6. Developmental
reading
disorders

7. Dyslexia

8. •occur when a
person has trouble
with any part of
the reading
process

9. •Word decoding.
•Lack of fluency.
•Poor reading
comprehension.

10. •Reading and
language-based
learning disabilities
are commonly
called dyslexia

11. Other symptoms may
include the following::

12. Trouble with
handwriting

14. Difficulty reading
quickly

16. Problems reading with
correct expression

18. Problems understanding
the written word

20. •International Dyslexia
Association (IDA),
estimates, that up to 20%
of the population as a
whole has some of the
symptoms of reading
disorders. (2012)

21. • Reading disorders are
•not a type of intellectual
and development disorder
•not a sign of lower
intelligence or
unwillingness to learn.

22. •Individuals with
dyslexia typically read
at levels significantly
lower than expected
despite having normal
intelligence.

23. • A related problem is alexia
(or an acquired inability to
read.)
• People with alexia were once
able to read but lost the
ability after a stroke or an
injury to the area of the brain
involved with reading.

24. How are reading
disorders
diagnosed?

25. • series of tests of a person’s memory
• spelling abilities
• visual perception
• reading skills
• family history
• child’s history of response to
instruction
• IQ tests

26. What are common
treatments for
reading
disorders?

27. • Early, intensive instruction in
language and reading
• Treatment strategy depends on
the needs of the individual
• Reading disorders cannot be
cured, but can be overcome
with proper instruction

29. What is Remedial
Reading?

30. • Refers to correcting or
improving deficient skills in a
specific subject.
• Remedial reading changes
instruction to help remedy a
weakness in reading.

31. The Remedial
Teacher

32. • teaches courses to those
students who, for varying
reasons, are below their grade
level in English
• identifies best learning
strategies to help students
succeed in the learning
environment

33. • Help students acquire a new
language, and teach topics that
are appropriate to each child’s
age group or grade

34. Suggested
Instructional
Framework for
Remedial Reading

35. Review – 2 to 4 minutes
• Give a quick review of
the skills taught
the day before,
and connect it
to the new
information.

36. Teacher Modeling – 5 to 10 minutes
• Model the new
conceptwith
explicit, visual
instruction.
Think out loud.

37. Guided Practice – 10 to 15 minutes
• Guide students
through concrete,
hands-on
practice that
reinforces the
new concept.
This can be
accomplished through
dictation and other
group activities.

38. Summarize & Reflect – 2 to 4 minutes
• Ask students
reflective
questions: What
have we learned?
How can we
use this?

39. Independent Practice – 5 to 10 minutes
• Have students
practice the skills
learned,
independent of
teacher or peer
guidance. This can be
accomplished
through Student
Workbook pages,
and/or supplemental
lessons.

40. Apply & Transfer -
• Remind students
to recognize
and apply the
skills that have
been taught in
all written texts.

41. Wrap - up
A remedial instruction was designed for the child
Teacher implements remedial curriculum
The child was diagnosed with a reading disorder
Teacher recommended child for assessment
Child performs lower than the curriculum’s expectation
Teacher takes notice