This document provides an overview of speech and oral communication. It discusses speech communication as a process of sharing meaning through audible and visual codes. It also outlines the key components of speech communication including participants, context, messages, channels, noise and feedback. It then discusses how speech skills are used for greeting people, reassuring others, seeking information, and facilitating groups. The document also covers topics such as vowel and consonant sounds, their classification and production. It describes prosodic features of speech like stress, intonation, blending, shift and glide. It outlines rules for noun plurals and pronunciation of suffixes. Finally, it discusses the basic intonation patterns used in speech.

1. LET REVIEW 2013
SPEECH AND ORAL COMMUNICATION
Zhie

2. Speech Communication

the process of sharing meaning through
audible and visual codes as voice, facial
expression, gestures, movement, posture and
the like.

a process that includes
participants, context, messages, channels, nois
e and feedback.

The ability to talk with others to give and
exchange information and ideas, such as: ask
question, give directions, coordinate work
tasks, explain and persuade.

3. How we use this skill:

Greeting people and taking messages

Reassuring, comforting or persuading

Seeking information and resolving conflicts

Facilitating or leading group

4. Vowel Sounds – are produced without
blocking or constricting the
passage of air

are oral sounds

are voiced

5. FRONT
CENTRAL
BACK
HIGH
/i/
/I/
MID
/e/
/Ɛ/
/ ^ / accented schwa
/ ǝ / unaccented schwa
/ Ʒ / accented er schwa sound
/ ɚ / unaccented er schwa sound
/o/
LOW
/ӕ/
/a/
/ ͻ/
/u/
/U/
/ɐ/

6. Diphthong – is a combination of two vowel
sounds blended into one syllable.

/ aI /

/ au/

/ ͻI /

7. Consonants- are speech sounds produced
through a modification of the outgoing breath by
the organs of articulation. Therefore, there is
blocking, narrowing, or diverting of the breath
stream in their production.

8. Classification of Consonants
Voicing
Voiced- the vocal cords vibrate
[b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z] [dƷ] [l] [m] [n] [ɳ ] [r] [w] [j]
Voiceless- the vocal cords do not vibrate
[p] [t] [k] [ƒ] [θ] [ ʃ ] [s] [ʧ ] [h] [ ƕ/Ϻ]

9. Points of Articulation

Bilabial- upper and lower lips

Labiodentals- lip and teeth

Lingua-dental (interdental)- tongue and teeth

Alveolar- tongue and gum ridge

Post alveolar (alveopalatal)- tongue and alveopalatal region

Palatal- tongue and palate

Velar- tongue and velum

Glottal- vocal folds

10. Manner of Articulation

Stops (stop-plosives) are characterized by an oral
block, building up of pressure and a sudden explosive release
of air.

Fricatives- are sounds produced when the breath stream
passes through a narrowed oral opening and friction sounds
result.

Nasals- are sounds produced by the blocking of the oral
passage and diverting of the vocalized breath through the
nasal passage.

Affricatives- are stops that move toward a fricative position.

Laterals- are sounds produced by closing the center of the oral
passage and opening the sides.

Glides (semi-vowels)- are sounds produced with the tongue
starting at a position and gliding rapidly to another.

11. Consonant Chart
Points of articulation
Lips
(bilabial)
Lip- teeth
(Labio-dental)
Tongue-teeth
(lingua dental)
Tongue- gum
ridge
(alveolar)
Manner of
articulation
Stops
VL
VD
Tongue- hard
palate
(post
alveolar)
Tongueblade
palate
(palate)
Tonguevelum
(velar)
t
k
b
Fricatives VL
VD
p
d
g
ƕ/Ϻ
VD
m
Lateral
θ
(th)
s
ʃ (sh)
ð (th)
z
(zh)
h
ɳ (ng)
n
l
glides
Affricates
f
v
Nasals
w
VL
VD
Larynx
(glottal)
r
j (y)
ʧ (ch)
ʤ (dzh)

12. The critical consonant sounds for Filipinos:

/ f, v, θ, ð, z, š, ž, ϐ, j/

/t, n/

/ ð , r/

13. Noun Plurals are spelled as
Rule 1. If you add letter “s” to a word ending in one of the voiceless
consonant phonemes (sounds) it is pronounced / s /.
boats
puffs
peeps
walks
breadths
Rule 2: if you add letter “s” to a word ending in one of the voiced
consonant phonemes as a vowel phoneme the “s” ending is
pronounced /z/.
dogs
runs
trees
cars
beds
leave dolls
Rule 3: if you add “es” suffix to a word ending in one of the /s, z, š, ž, ϐ,
j/ it is pronounced as / ðz/

14. Pronunciation: “ed” suffixes
/t/
after voiceless sounds
looked, kicked
/d/
after voiced sounds
measured, loaned
/ ðd/
planted, wanted

15. Prosodic Features
Prosodic – the rhythm of spoken
language, including stress and intonation,
or the study of these patterns

16. Stress

Stress also called accent refers to the prominence given to a
syllable or word which makes the word or syllable stand out
above the adjacent syllable or word.

-It can be word stress or sentence stress.

-It is the relative loudness or softness with which a syllable is
spoken.

-A stressed syllable is pronounced louder and has a higher
pitch and longer duration than unstressed syllable.

17. Four Degrees of Stress
/’/ primary stress
very loud and very long
/ ‘/ secondary stress
loud and long
/ ”/ tertiary stress
weak and short
/^/ weak stress
very weak and very short

18. 
Most English words, especially nouns that contain two
syllables are stressed on the first syllable.

Verbs are stressed on the second syllable

Words to which suffixes like –tion, -sion, -ic, -ity, are
added, carry the strong stress on the syllable before
these suffixes.

Compound nouns are stressed on the first noun to
distinguish them from an adjective and a noun
combination.

19. Blending

When the first word ends with a vowel sound and the
second word begins also with vowel sound, you blend the
sounds.

When the first word ends with a vowel sound and the
second word begins with a consonant, you also blend the
sounds.

When the first word ends with a consonant sound and the
second word begins with a vowel sound, blending is also
share.

20. Intonation

Intonation, also known as inflection is the movement of
the voice up or down, along the line of sound.

It is the rising and falling of pitch in the delivery of a
syllable or a word in a phrase or a sentence.

It is determined partly by the mind and mood of the
speaker.

Through the rising and falling of the speaker’s
voice, particular words in a phrase or sentence are given
emphasis and significance.

Stress and intonation are closely related to each other.
An increase of stress is generally accompanied by a rise
pitch.

21. Four Levels of Pitch

low

mid

high

extra
Levels 1,2, and 3 are used in normal
conversation, while level 4 is used when the
speaker is excited, emotional, or emphatic.

22. Shift and Glide

Shift occurs when there is a movement from
one tune to another that takes place
between syllables.

Glide happens when the voice slides from
one tune to another while a syllable is spoken.

23. Basic Intonation Patterns
 Rising-Falling
 Rising
Intonation or 2-3-1
Intonation or 2-3-3
 Falling
Intonation or 3-1
 Non-Final
Intonation or 2-3-2
 Extra-High
Pitch or 4