The Gherkin is an iconic skyscraper in London known for its distinctive shape and energy efficient design. It has 41 stories and is 180 meters tall. Key aspects of its design include its curved glass exterior, six internal ventilation shafts that allow natural airflow, and double-walled facade that insulates the building. Through these innovative passive design features, the Gherkin uses half the energy of a comparable skyscraper.
The Shard, Skyscraper - Architectural Case StudyDinesh Kumar
A small architectural study of the masterpiece Shard, London.
This study covers the topic such as Load analysis, structural overview, uses & construction of the core, structural facts, etc.,
The Shard, Skyscraper - Architectural Case StudyDinesh Kumar
A small architectural study of the masterpiece Shard, London.
This study covers the topic such as Load analysis, structural overview, uses & construction of the core, structural facts, etc.,
Secondary Case Study on The Gherkin Building, London.
Presented as part of the Structures Seminar for B.Arch. Programme at School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi, India
Secondary Case Study on The Gherkin Building, London.
Presented as part of the Structures Seminar for B.Arch. Programme at School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi, India
Presentation on Ar. Norman Foster in which explains there Biography, Awards, there Projects, Philosophy, Design Elements, and his Five major Project, Conclusion.
Ar. Richard Rogers, his projects, case study of Richard rogers, case study of Lloyd's building, London, UK, case study of Millennium Dome, London, case study of Centre Pompidou Paris, case study of Inmos Microprocessor Factory, Newport, UK
Herzog & de Meuron Architekten is a Swiss architecture firm, founded and headquartered in Basel, Switzerland in 1978. The careers of founders and senior partners Jacques Herzog (born 1950), and Pierre de Meuron (born 1950), closely paralleled one another, with both attending the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich. They are perhaps best known for their conversion of the giant Bankside Power Station in London to the new home of the Tate Museum of Modern Art (2000). Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron have been visiting professors at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design since 1994 and professors at ETH Zürich since 1999.
Lectures; theory of architecture iv arch 246 iahmed osman
Contemporary Architecture as part of series of lectures by
Dr Ahmed Osman Ibrahim
Associate Professor,
Architectural Theory and Criticism,
College of Architecture and Planning,
Head of Department of Interior Design and
College Quality Manager,
Qassim University,
Saudi Arabia.
Mob: +966 549562614
Email: AO.MOHAMED@qu.edu.sa
A comprehensive presentation on capital gate building which has broken the record for the furthest leaning man made structure which was held by the leaning tower of pisa
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. INTRODUCTION
The building THE GHERKIN is an iconic symbol of London and is one of the city's most widely
recognized examples of contemporary architecture.
30 St Mary Axe (widely known informally as The Gherkin and previously as the Swiss Re
Building) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London.
It was completed in December 2003 and opened in April 2004. With 41 storeys, it is 180 meters
(591 ft) tall and stands on the former site of the Baltic Exchange, which was extensively
damaged in 1992 by the explosion of a bomb placed by the Provisional IRA in St Mary Axe, the
street from which the tower takes its name.
After plans to build the 92-storey Millennium Tower were dropped, 30 St Mary Axe was
designed by Norman Foster and Arup Group and it was erected by Skanska, with construction
commencing in 2001.
Site :
The building stands on the former site of the Baltic Exchange, the headquarters of a global
marketplace for ship sales and shipping information.
The United Kingdom government's statutory adviser on the historic environment, English
Heritage, and the City of London's governing body, the City of London Corporation, were keen
that any redevelopment must restore the building's old façade onto St Mary Axe. The Exchange
Hall was a celebrated fixture of the ship trading company.
After English Heritage later discovered the damage was far more severe than initially thought,
they stopped insisting on full restoration, albeit over the objections of the architectural
conservationists who favoured reconstruction. The Baltic Exchange sold the land to Trafalgar
House in 1995. Most of the remaining structures on the site were then carefully dismantled, the
interior of Exchange Hall and the façade were preserved, hoping for a reconstruction of the
building in the future. Parts of its stained glass are displayed at the National Maritime Museum.
The tower's topmost panoramic dome, known as the "lens", recalls the iconic glass dome that
covered part of the ground floor of the Baltic Exchange.
The Gherkin name was applied to the current building at least as far back as 1999, referring to
that plan's highly unorthodox layout and appearance.
Planning process
3. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORM:
The shape of the tower is influenced by the physical environment of the city.
The smooth flow of wind around the building was one of the main considerations.
A net office floor area within the building of around 500,000 ft2 (46,450 m2).
The enhancement of the public environment at street level, opening up new views across the
site to the frontages of the adjacent buildings and allowing good access to and around the
new development.
Minimum impact on the local wind environment.
Maximum use of public transport for the occupants of the building.
Flexibly serviced, high specification ‘user-friendly’ column free office spaces with
maximum primary space adjacent to natural light.
Good physical and visual interconnectivity between floors.
Reduced energy consumption by use of natural ventilation whenever suitable, low façade
heat gain and smart building control systems.
PLANS:
5. 3. Twenty-First Floor Plan 4. Fortieth Floor Plan
1. Entry
2. Lobby
3. Retail
4. Core
5. Office Modules
6. Light Well
7. Private Dining
8. Elevator / Stair
6. 30 St Mary Axe has a radical approach - technically, architecturally, socially and spatially.
Idea of having a city within a city.
An instantly recognizable addition to the city’s Skyline.
The site was special because it needed development, was not on any of the "sight lines"
(planning guidance requires that new buildings do not obstruct or detract from the view of St
Paul's dome when viewed from a number of locations around London), and it had housed the
Baltic Exchange.
The plan for the site was to reconstruct the Baltic Exchange. GMW Architects proposed a new
rectangular building surrounding a restored exchange—the square shape would have the type of
large floor plan that banks liked. Eventually, the planners realised that the exchange was not
recoverable, forcing them to relax their building constraints; they hinted that an "architecturally
significant" building might obtain a favourable reception from city authorities. This gave the
architect a free hand in the design; it eliminated the restrictive demands for a large, capital-
efficient, money-making building, whose design was per the client's desire.[17]
Swiss Re's low level plan met the planning authority's desire to maintain London's traditional
streetscape with its relatively narrow streets. The mass of the Swiss Re tower was not too
imposing. Like Barclays Bank's former City headquarters in Lombard Street, the idea was that
the passer-by in neighbouring streets would be nearly oblivious to the tower's existence until
directly underneath it.
7. Design and construction
The building was constructed by Skanska, completed in December 2003 and opened on 28 April
2004. The primary occupant of the building is Swiss Re, a global reinsurancecompany, which
had the building commissioned as the head office for its UK operation. The tower is thus
sometimes known as the Swiss Re Building, although this name has never been official and has
more recently fallen out of favour since the company's main headquarters is in Zurich and the
Gherkin name has become more popular.
The building uses energy-saving methods which allow it to use half the power that a similar
tower would typically consume. Gaps in each floor create six shafts that serve as a natural
ventilation system for the entire building even though required firebreaks on every sixth floor
interrupt the "chimney." The shafts create a giant double glazing effect; air is sandwiched
between two layers of glazing and insulates the office space inside.
30 St Mary Axe under construction
Architects promote double glazing in residential houses to avoid the inefficient convection of
heat, but the tower exploits this effect. The shafts pull warm air out of the building during the
8. summer and warm the building in the winter using passive solar heating. The shafts also allow
sunlight to pass through the building, making the work environment more pleasing, and keeping
the lighting costs down.
The primary methods for controlling wind-excited sways are to increase the stiffness, or increase
damping with tuned/active mass dampers. To a design by Arup, its fully triangulated perimeter
structure makes the building sufficiently stiff without any extra reinforcements. Despite its
overall curved glass shape, there is only one piece of curved glass on the building—the lens-
shaped cap at the very top.
On the building's top level (the 40th floor), there is a bar for tenants and their guests featuring a
360° view of London. A restaurant operates on the 39th floor, and private dining rooms on the
38th. Whereas most buildings have extensive lift equipment on the roof of the building, this was
not possible for the Gherkin, since a bar had been planned for the 40th floor. The architects dealt
with this by having the main lift only reach the 34th floor, and then having a push-from-below
lift to the 39th floor. There is a marble stairwell and a disabled persons' lift which leads the
visitor up to the bar in the dome.
Shown
here where it opens into the office floor at the base of one of the six-story atriums, the Abluft enclosure
sandwiches blinds and encased diagrid struts between the exterior curtain wall and an inner curtain wall
of rectangular glass sheets
9. The building is visible over long distances: from the north, for instance, it can be seen from
the M11 motorway, some 32 kilometres (20 mi) away, while to the west it can be seen from the
statue of George III in Windsor Great Park.
The mixed-mode ventilation that would allow the building to be cooled mechanically or through
natural ventilation depending. The Gherkin is enclosed by a unique curtain wall that combines
two systems. For most of its circumference on any given office floor, the building is encased by
an exterior curtain wall of clear diamond-shaped double-glazed panels as well as an interior
curtain wall of rectangular single-glazed panels fitted with blinds. In this Abluft or exhaust
façade, heat that builds up in the airspace between the two curtain walls is exhausted to the
outside by vents at the top of each one- or two-story zone. Where the enclosure adjoins the
spiraling atria, the interior curtain wall is omitted and the exterior curtain wall is tinted to reduce
solar heat gain as well as fitted with some operable windows that tilt open to admit fresh air.
When weather permits, a computerized building management system can selectively open these
windows, using the pressure differentials at atria thirty degrees apart around the façade to draw
air in and through the building.
10. After completion
In April 2005, the press reported that a glass panel two-thirds up the tower had fallen to the plaza
beneath. The plaza was sealed off but the building remained open. A temporary covered
walkway, extending across the plaza to the building's reception, was erected to protect visitors.
Engineers examined the other 744 glass panels on the building. The cost of repair was covered
by main contractor Skanska and curtain-wall supplier Schmidlin (now called Schmidlin-TSK
AG). Since its completion, the building has won a number of awards for architecture.
Plan view from a simulation of air flow and velocity through the sixth floor was among the many
documents generated by environmental consultants BDSP during the design of 30 St Mary Axe to model
the building’s environmental performance. BDSP, Swiss Re HQ, 2009. Presentation.
Like the previous image, this perspective view of a simulation of air velocities in Atrium 6 framed
expectations about energy consumption at 30 St Mary Axe. BDSP, Swiss Re HQ, 2009. Presentation.
11. FACTS AND FIGURES DIMENSIONS:
Height to top of dome: 179.8 m
Height to highest occupied floor level: 167.1 m
Number of floors above ground: 40
Number of basement levels: single basement across whole site
Largest floor external diameter (lvl 17): 56.15 m
Site area: 0.57 hectares (1.4 acres)
Net accommodations areas:
Office 46,450 m2
Retail 1,400 m2
Office floor-floor: 4.15 m
Gross superstructure floor area (incl. lightwells): 74,300 m2
Tower Structural Steelwork
Total weight of steel (from Arup Xsteel model): 8,358 tonnes of which:
29% is in the diagrid
24% core columns
47% beams
Total number of primary steel pieces: 8 348
Total length: 54.56 km
Diagrid column sizes:
Ground – level2: 508mm f, 40mm thick
Level 36–38: 273mm f, 12.5mm thick
Hoop design tension at level 2: 7 116 kN
Perimeter column maximum design load: 15,460 kN
Core column maximum design load: 33,266 kN
Foundations 750mm diameter straight-shafted piles into London Clay
Number of piles: 333
Total length of piles: 9 km
Total design capacity: 117,000 Tonnes
12. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING:
The tower is aerodynamically designed to reduce wind load on the structure, whilst the
lower part tapers so that wind wraps around the tower.
The six fingers of accommodation on each floor, configured with light wells in between,
maximize daylight penetration.
The façade design with advance glazing technologies, ventilated cavities and blinds ,
provides up to 85% solar protection.
Gas is the main fuel used hence it will only generate half the carbon emission.
Overall energy serving is up to 50%.
AWARDS:
2004 RIBA Stirling Prize . For the first time in the prize's history, the judges reached a
unanimous decision. In December 2005, a survey of the world's largest firms of architects
published in 2006 BD World Architecture 200voted the tower as the most admired new building
in the world. However, Ken Shuttleworth, who worked for Foster and Partners on the design of
the building, said in 2011 that he believed the style was now out-moded: "I was looking at the
glass all around and [thought], 'Why on earth did we do that?' Now we would do things
differently".
13.
14. CONCLUSION
Working on this project, we have studied about the various energy efficiency
methods and techniques that have been used in The Gherkin Tower building.
This report will always help me in my design projects and help me in
contributing to the environment. We should also try our best to save energy
and lessen the carbon foot print of all the designs we do.
Bibliography
www.designbuild-network.com
www.fosterandpartners.com
krg2uf.wordpress.com
wikipedia.org