This document provides an analysis of high-rise buildings. It begins with an introduction and history of high-rises. It then covers classifications of high-rises and analyzes various aspects of high-rise buildings like form, scale, climate considerations, and cost-benefit analysis. The document also discusses structural systems, building circulation components like stairs, elevators, and parking details. It covers fire safety considerations and mechanical systems like cooling towers and air conditioning. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of key aspects involved in planning and designing high-rise buildings.

1. Subbmited by-
Anayet Hossain UG09-25-12-007
Sharmin Akter UG09-25-12-015
Nurdina Ahmed UG09-23-11-005

2. CONTENT OF THE
REPORT
INTRODUCTION 02--03
HISTORY OF HIGH RISE 04--04
CLASSIFICATION 05--06
BUILDING ANALYSIS 07--24
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 25--31
BNBC RULES 32--32
FAR ANALYSIS 33--34
CASE STUDY ------------------------------------------------------- 35--69
LOCAL 36--58
INTERNATIONAL 59--69
01

3. INTRODUCTION
High-rise commercial buildings are the icons of modern society.
These symbolize the power of commerce in the present world
system. These also add the 3rd dimension to the city. In addition, at
the micro level, having an office at an attractive high-rise building
gives additional advantage to the business in terms of better
customer confidence and corporate identity.
High-rise is a common word in architecture. It is a remarkable
example of modern architecture. The city of Chicago is widely
credited as the birthplace of the high rise.
1.Creation of an attractive and sustainable environment.
2.promotes economic vitality.
Definition:
A high-rise is a continuous series of vertically placed dwelling
places. Although there is no official definition. A high-rise
defined as a building of 35 meters or greater in height, which is
divided at regular intervals into acceptable levels.
02

4. Three Basic types of High-Rise. The types are-
1. MONUMENTAL HIGH-RISE
This type of high-rise is made only for monumental purpose.
These are built only for landmark.
2. COMMERCIAL HIGH-RISE
This type of high-rise is made for commercial purpose. These are
multifunctional buildings. In a same building it has different
activities like office, factory, restaurant, gym, club etc.
3. RESIDENTIAL HIGH-RISE
Residential high-rise is made for residential purpose. These
are multifunctional buildings too. In a same building it has
different activities like office, mosque, roof top garden, gym,
club, playground, swimming pool etc.
MONUMENTAL HIGH-RISE
COMMERCIAL HIGH-
RISE
RESIDENTIAL HIGH-
RISE
CHARACTERISTICS
• High-rise buildings range in height from below 10 to more than 100 stories.
• High-rise buildings are enclosed by curtain walls,
• Vertical t ransport in a high-rise is the elevator,
• High- rise building usually consist of concrete piers,piles,
• This buildings is approaches is basically an isolated object.
03

5. HISTORY
BEFORE THE 19TH CENTURY
• The great pyramid of giza, 2560 bc, was 146
metres tall and its height was unsurpassed until
at least the 14th century ad.
• The two towers of bologna in the 12th century
reached 97.2 metres in height.
• The 16th-century city of shibam consisted
entirely of over 500 high-rise tower houses.
THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• The skylines of many important medieval
cities
• Had large numbers of high-rise urban
towers.
• Wealthy families built these towers for
defensive purposes
And as status symbols.
CHAMBERS, LIVERPOOL. THE STONE
MULLIONS ARE DECORATIVE.
EARLY PERIOD
• An early development was oriel chambers in
liverpool.
•Designed by local architect peter ellis in 1864,
• The building was the world's first iron-framed,
glass curtain-walled office building.
THE TWO TOWERS OF BOLOGNA
04

6. 05
CLASSIFICATION
It has been classified in to five parts according to the
development of architecture.
• Neo classic style
• Art deco style
• Modern style
• High modern style
• Contemporary architecture
ART DECO STYLE
Location -233 broadway, new york,
NY, USA
Status -complete
Constructed -1910–1913
Opening -april 24, 1913
Roof -792 ft (241 m)
Floor count -57
Architect's)- cass gilbert
WOOLWORTH BUILDING
Location-405 lexington avenue,
manhattan, NY, united states
Status-complete
Constructed1928-1930
Use-office
Floor count-77
Elevators-32
Architect's)-william van allen
CHRYSLER BUILDING
NEO CLASSIC STYLE
Location - chicago, USA
Status- destroyed
Constructed -1885
Destroyed -1931
Use- office
Roof -138 feet (42 meters)
Floor count- 10 (later 12)
Architect's) -william le baron
Jenny
FLATIRON BUILDING
Location-175 fifth avenue new york
Status-complete
Constructed-1902
Use-office -building
Top floor-285 feet (87 m)
Floor count-22
Architect's-daniel burnham john
wellborn root
HOME INSURANCE BUILDING

7. 06
MODERN STYLE
Architect-c. F. Murphy associates
location-chicago, illinois date1965
Building type-skyscraper, civic
center office tower
Construction system exposed cortex
steel, weathering steel
Climate-cold temperate
Context-urban
Style-modern
RICHARD DALEY CENTER
HIGH MODERN STYLE
Architect-ludwig mies van der rohe
location-new york, new york map
Date-1954 to 1958
Building type-skyscraper,
commercial office
tower construction system steel frame
with curtain wall, bronze exterior
"columns“
Climate-temperate
Context-urban
Style-modern
Floor count-38
SEAGRAM BUILDING
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
Location- xenia district, taipei, taiwan
status-complete
Constructed- 1999-2004
Use- mixed use: communication, conference,
fitness center, library, observation, office,
restaurant, retail floor count -101
Floor area -412,500 m2
Elevators- 61
Elevators, including double-deck shuttles and
2 high speed observatory elevators)
TAIPEI 101
Location -dubai, united arab emirates
status- complete
Constructed -2004-2010
Use- mixed-use
Floor count -160 habitable floors
plus 46 maintenance levels in the
spire[and 2 parking levels in the
basement
Floor area -464,511 m2
Architect(s)- adrian smith at SOM
Burj Khalifa

8. 07
BUILDING ANALYSIS
THREE PARTS OFA HIGH-RISE
BUILDING
HEADER
BODY
BASE
HIGH RISE BUILDING ANALYSIS BY IT’S:
FORM.
SCALE.
CLIMATE.
COST & BENEFIT.
STRUCTURE.
Form
Proportion
Symmetric / Pure
form
Scale
•Human scale
•City scale
Structure System
•Steel structure
•Shear wall
•Post lintel.
•Post Slab
Climate
High-rise buildings should be designed
climatically.
But it is better to consider light not wind
factor for the
buckling effect.
Cost – Benefit
The cost of a high-rise building is depends on
the structural system .

9. Movement within the high-rise constitutes the high-rise
vertical circulation systems. These are the means by which the
high-rise’s users access the floors. Components of vertical
circulation-
Staircases,
Escalators,
Elevators,
VERTICAL CIRCULATION:
Fire escape.
ElevatorsEscalator
Fire escape.
STAIR
10"
6"
10"
6"
SECTION : A-A
INVERTED BEAM IS USED INLANDING LEVELBEAM IS HANGING FROM THE LANDING LEVEL BEAM POSITION IS SAME TO SLAB LEVEL
SECTION : A-ASECTION : A-A
6"
10"
6"
10"10"
6"
10"
6"
There are various types stair in
our structural system. These are:
1.Quarter turn stair
2.Half turn stair.
3.Three quarter turn.
4.Bifurcated stair
5.Geometrical stair
 THE WIDTH OF THE STAIRS
 F1 - OFFICE = 1.5 M
 F2 - SMALL SHOP & BAZAR = 1.5M
 F3 - SUPER SHOP & BAZAR = 2.0M
 F4 - OTHERS = 1.5 M
 STAIR RISER + TRADE = 400 MM MIN.
 STAIR RISER MAX = 215 MM
 STAIR TRADE MINIMUM = 215 MM
 STAIR SINGLE FLIGHT MAXIMUM STEP 20 NOS.
 STAIR BETWEEN 2 FLIGHT DISTANCE MIN. 2.15M
 STAIR RAILING MIN. HEIGHT 0.9 M
 FIRE STAIR MIN. WIDTH 1.5 M
STAIR DETAILS
Spiral stair
Geometrical half turn stair Newel quarter turn stair
08

10. ESCALATOR
Types of escalator
There are two types layout of escalator –
1 . Parallel layout
2 . Crises – cross layout
Crises cross layout
Parallel layout
The length of the Escalator depends on its angle. If angle is
minimal then the length of the Escalator should be longer than
maximum angled Escalator.
Length of escalator S =(HQ x 1.42816+4906)/a
a= width
Q=ht f.l to f.l
09

11. LIFT
DIMENSIONS
Minimum floor size
1400mm deep by 1100mm
wide
Minimum clear door opening
800mm
Heights of controls, phones,
tactile signs
Minimum 900mm, Maximum
1200mm
Distance along side wall from
corner to controls
400mm
Handrail height
900mm
Minimum clear landing soace
1500mm by 1500mm
•An elevator or lift is defined as a car
that moves in a vertical shaft to carry
passenger or freight among the levels of
a multi-storey building.
•Types of elevators
•Electric elevators, gearless traction,
variable voltage control.
•Electric elevators, geared traction,
variable voltage control.
•Electric elevators, geared traction, a-c
rheostat control.
•Electric-Hydraulic elevators.
10

12. ELEVATOR CAR PARKING
An elevator or lift is defined as a car that
moves in a vertical
shaft to carry passenger or freight
among the levels of a
multi-storey building.Types of elevators:
Electric elevators, geared traction,
variable voltage control.
Electric elevators, geared traction, a-c
rheostat control.
Electric-Hydraulic elevators.
11

13. Toilet
General Stair
Ancillary room
Elevator
lobby
Fire Protected Stair Lobby
Fire escape Stair
CORE
Service core is THE PRINCIPLE aspect of high rise building design the area
for service core is 25% to 30% of the total floor area.
FOUR TYPES OF SERVICE CORE
CENTRAL CORE SPLIT CORE END CORE. THE ATRIUM CORE.
POSITION OF CORE IN BUILDING DEPENDS ON
•Type of building
•People who uses the building
•Size of the core
•Shape of the building
PLAN OF A CORE AREA
12

14. Ducts
Fire escape
CORE DETAILS
Core
Central core
Single core
Double core
Core positions can be classified into three types
Double core
13

15. 1. Service core is an important aspect of high rise
building design.
Service Core Contents-
A service core can typically content the
following elements-
• Elevator shafts (elevator cars & equipments inside
them)
• Elevator lobby
• Staircases
• Fire protected lobbies
• A H U
• Toilets
• Ancillary rooms (pantry, space for cleaning materials
etc)
• Mechanical vertical services riser ducts (electrical
power & lighting distribution, water distribution,
sewerage pipes)
• Electrical vertical service riser
G. Toilet.
LIFTLIFTLIFTLIFT
UP
L. Toilet.
LIFTLIFT
Toilets
Toilets
Staircase
Fire protected lobbies
Elevator lobby
SERVICE CORE
14

16. PARKING DETAILS
There are two different types of parking
system
1.Basement parking .
2.Surface parking.
For commercial space- 1 ca parking for
every 2000 sqft
BASEMENT PARKING :
 PARKING FOR OFFICE - 1 CAR FOR EVERY 2152 SQ.FT
 PARKING FOR SHOPPING - 1 CAR FOR EVERY 2152 SQ.FT
 PARKING FOR RESTAURANT - 1 CAR FOR EVERY 1076 SQ.FT
 PARKING GRID - 27 FT ( FOR 3 CARS )
BASEMENT PARKING
PARKING CIRCULATION
TYPICAL PARKING
 For 90 dig. One way traffic &
one way parking.
 Bay 4.5m width , one way traffic
& Two way.
 Parking bay 4 m width ,
two way traffic & two way parking
Bay 4.5m width.
 For high rise parking lot & ramp head room.
 Height minimum 2.25 m.
 For 1 car parking width 2.4 m & length 4.6m.
 For handicraft minimum parking width i
 Is 3.2m.
SURFACE PARKING
15

17. ANGLE OF APPROACH SHOULD BE
15 DEGREES
THE STANDARD CALLS FOR ANGLES
OF DEPARTURE IN MINIMUM OF 10
DEGREES
13'
13'-05"
19'-
10"
Drive way
16

18. Car moving & parking
RAMP RATIO = 1:8
RAMP BREAK OVER
ANGLE (15deg)
ANGLE OF DEPARTURE
ANGLE OF APPROACH(10deg)
17

19. Standard for ramp ratio :
 Car entry not less than 3 m .
 Ramp slop 1:8 & before ramp there
 Must to have 4.5 m horizontal way.
For car :
 Slope of ramp should be of 1:8
ratio
 For multi-storied car ramp
 Clear height between 2 ramps
 Should be 7ft
RAMP
 Car : 1’ : 8’
 Human : 1’ : 10’
 Hospital : 1’ : 12’
 For walking angle is min.5 – max.15.
 Straight ramp system with one ramp well.
 Two way staggered floor ramp system.
Parallel straight-ramp system with
ramp-wells on two structure sides.
Straight-ramp system with one
ramp-well.
Basic sloping floor concept.
Two-way staggered-floor
ramp system.RAMP RATIO
18

20. Three car groupings
Eight car groupings
Six car groupings
Method of blending ramp
Example of straight and helical express exit
ramps
Helical ramp dimension standard
Ramps slopes (grades) less than 10% can be blended
satisfactorily with an 8-foot transition length.
ELEVATOR CAR GROUPING
19
Two car groupings
For car groupings

21. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
In the everyday life is the most important
dialogue that “Safety First”. So in a
building it should be ensured that if any
case of accidents as like fire hazard or
any thing it should be controlled by
instantly by the support of primary
action. So fire extinguisher is very
important thing.
This is also a flow chart
fire hazard . Chronological
flow
Details of fire extinguisher
A Modern fire extinguisher
20

22. FIRE SAFETY IN PLANNING LEVEL
FIRE ESCAPE
STAIR
CORE
POSITIVE AIR PRESSURE
NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE
FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTRUMENTS
SPRINKLER ELECTRIC ALARM
SMOKE DETECTOR
CARBON- DIOXIDE
21

23. Fire exit –
It is a kind of stair case which is shaded , has a lobby and the
opening of it’s to the out side direction .
Causes of Fire hazard –
1 . Unawareness of people.
2 . Things burn in kitchen.
3 . Short circuit.
4 . Gas line blast.
5 . Cigarette or other explosive materials.
Fire safety material –
1 . Foam
2 . High velocity water spray
3 . Dry chemical or wet chemical
Washrooms -
To design large public washrooms some requirements must be
followed -
1 . The entry is properly laidout
2 . All passageways are min 3’-8’’ wide .
3 . Handicapped toilet’s door is open to the out side
direction and hinged on the wall side to avoid interference with
other components .
ROOFEXIT
SURFACE EXIT
VERTICAL EXIT
HORIZONTAL EXIT
OUTDOOR EXIT
A chart of fire extinguisher for different source of fire. Fire exit Layout Fire Escape
22

24. COOLING TOWER
In the air –conditioning system cooling factor is the one of them . It
can contain the fresh air for our breathing .
AIR-CONDITIONING & HEATING SYSTEM
23

25. HILI PAD
In our daily life , life is changing day by day . As usually the
design of our building are changing by its necessity. Helipad
is a device of design in our fast and modern life .
DESIGN DATA FOR HELIPAD
Different types of helipad
24

26. 25
STRUCTURE
• Frame Structure
• Flat Plate or Flat Slab Structure
• Shear Wall Structure
Frame Structure
K Bracing
Central Plaza, Malaysia
Architect: Ken Yeang
Double Diagonal Bracing
Swiss Re Tower, London
Architect: Norman Foster
Storey Height Knee Bracing
Century Tower, Japan
Architect: Norman Foster
RIGID FRAME STRUCTURES
Parallel or orthogonally arrangement of
columns and girders
Simplicity and convenience of its rectangular
form.
RIGID FRAME STRUCTURESTokio Marine headquarters

27. 26
INFILLED FRAME STRUCTURE
Consists of a steel or reinforced column and
girder frame with infills of brickwork or
concrete block work
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING
ARCHITECT: RICHMOND, LAMB &
HARMON
WALL FRAME STRUCTURES
TRANSCO TOWER
ARCHITECT: JOHNSON/BURGEE
ARCHITECTS
Shear walls are combined with
rigid frames
TUBULAR STRUCTURES
MILLENNIUM TOWER
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER

28. BUNDLE TUBE STRUCTURE
SEARS TOWER
ARCHITECT: BRUCE GRAHAM, Section C-C
Two
additional
tube omitted
The sears tower consists of
four parallel rigid steel
frames in each orthogonal
direction, interconnected to
form nine “bundled” tubes.
OUTRIGGER BRACED STRUCTURES
Braced-steel frame
connected to the exterior
columns.
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANK
ARCHITECT: NORMAN FOSTER
JOHN HANCOCK BUILDING
ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE,
OWINGS & MERRIL
INTERIOR SPACE
BRACED TUBE STRUCTURES
27

29. SPACE STRUCTURE
BANK OF CHINA
ARCHITECT: I. M. PEI
Space structure consists essentially of a three
dimensional triangulatedframe.
INTERIOR SPACE
SHEAR- WALL STRUCTURES
In this system, vertical loads are
carried by the shear wall and core.
NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK
ARCHITECT: SKIDMORE, OWINGS
& MERRIL
SUSPENDED STRUCTURES
Central core with horizontal
cantilevers at roof level, to which
vertical hangers
OVERSEAS CHINESE BANK
ARCHITECT: I. M. PEI
Floor slabs are suspended from the hangers.
POST / FLAT SLAB
Slab supported on columns without the 0f beams or
girders .
The thickness of slab varies from8”to 12”.
The post slab may be designed either with
Drop or
Without drops.
Slab
Post
28

30. STEEL STRUCTURE
Hongkong & shanghai bank
Architect: norman foster
FLAT PLATE AND FLAT SLAB STRUCTURES
FLAT PLATE AND FLAT SLAB STRUCTURES
Connected rigidly to supporting columns.
Creating a minimum possible floor depth.
POST LINTEL
COURT DE LAACME’
Post lintel structural system is
developed as the
Column can carry more loads
BEL TOWER
ARCHITECT: NAHAS
AHMED KHALIL
Longer span
Dynamic forms
Required less time
In construction
INSTALLATION & FABRICATION OF STEEL STRUCTURE
29

31. There are three types of structural system for high-rise
buildings:
• Shear wall –up to 30 floor
• Post slab - up to 60 floor
• Post lintel- up to 60 floor
• Steel structure- up to 120 floor or above
There are two basic sources for high-rise buildings’load
actions-
• Geophysical load (result of gravitational, meteorological
& seismological changes).
• Man-made load (generated by cars, elevators, machines
etc.)
LOAD ACTION ON HIGHRISE
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Curtain wall is that's kind of wall which is did
not bear any type of load. It is use to the
building frame through a series of vertical and
horizontal members called mullions and
minting.
vertical and horizontal members
CURTAIN WALL
30

32. Parallel bearing walls
Core and Façade Bearing walls
Self supporting boxes
Cantilevered slab
Flat slab
Interspatial
Suspension
COMMON HIGH-RISE BUILDING STRUCTURES:
Staggered truss
Rigid frame
Rigid frame and core
Trussed frame
Belt trussed frame and core
Tube in tube
Bundled tube
STEEL TYPE
CONCRETE TYPE
31

33. Lift:
Lift lobby 1.5m X 1.5m
Lift control switch height 890mm-1200mm
Door width min 800mm
PODIUM:
The height of the podium will be maximum 12m with
parapet.
MGC of the podium 75%
GUARD ROOM:
Guard room height will be 2.5m from finished
ground level & the maximum
floor area will be 5sqm.
BOUNDARY WALL:
Maximum height for boundary wall is 2.75m
For front wall, a solid height is 1m & perforated height is 1.75m.
For side wall solid height is 1.85m & perforated height is 1m.
Exit door:
Maximum users no-50 then circulation distance 23m.
Minimum door width 1m and height 2m.
Can not be use sliding and hanging door
Exit door must be open the running way
BNBC RULES
Balcony:
Railing height of the balcony maximum 1.2m
Balcony must not extend above the set back area.
Cornice:
The slab & cornice can be extended max.1m above the
set back area. This rule is applicable only for front side.
The minimum height of the cornice from the ground is 8m.
Sunshade:
The sunshade can be extended maximum 0.5m
above the setback area.
Ramp:
Slope of ramp should be 1:8
Preparation length of the ramp should be minimum
4.25m clear height.
Stair:
Minimum width of stair 5’ (1.5m)
Railing height of stair is minimum 3’ (0.9m)
Clear height of stair is minimum 7’ (2.10m)
Fire escape:
Lift, escalators etc will not count as fire escape elements.
Fire escape should be located on the exterior facade of the
building.
Fire escape must not route people to basement.
The area of fire escape will count 10sqm for per person.
Minimum width of exit door is 1m & height 2m.
32

34. FAR ( FLOOR AREA RATIO ) ANALYSIS
MINIMUM SET BACK
OF LAND:
When building height 33 m
or above 10 storied:
Front: 1.5 m / 4.92 ft
Side: 3.0 m / 9.84 ft
Back: 3.0 m / 9.84 ft
Green space 25%
Build area 50%
Hard surface 25%
1.5 m
Front
BackSide
FLOOR HEIGHT
FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT :
12 ft [recommended], ranging from 11 ft to 14 ft height.
FINISHED CEILING HEIGHT :
8 ft to 8.5 ft. the space above ceiling is required for ducts &
recessed lighting.
GROUND COVERAGE: (B.G.page-3032)
The distance of building from the road will be not less
than 4.5m from center of the road or 1.5m distance from
the plot layout area.
Paved area maximum 50% of uncovered space.
Green area will be 50% of uncovered space.
PARKING: (B.G. page- 3047)
Parking ramp ratio 1:8
Driver waiting space 5%
If the entry and exist is same the wide of the
entry will more than 3m.
Area for normal car parking 2.4m x 4.6m
Area for motor bick 1m x 2m
Shop- 1 car parking for 200sq.m.
Office- 1 car parking for 200sq.m.
LIFT: (B.G. page- 3075)
Lift lobby 1.5m X 1.5m
Lift control switch height 890mm-1200mm
Door width min 800mm
3.0 m
3.0 m
3.0 m
Side
33

35. PODIUM:
The height of the podium will be maximum 12m
with parapet.
MGC of the podium 75%
GUARD ROOM:
Guard room height will be 2.5m from finished ground
level & the maximum floor area will be 5sqm.
BOUNDARY WALL:
Maximum height for boundary wall is 2.75m
For front wall, a solid height is 1m & perforated height
is 1.75m.
For side wall solid height is 1.85m & perforated height is 1m.
CORNICE:
The slab & cornice can be extended max.1m above the
set back area.
This rule is applicable only for front side.
The minimum height of the cornice from the ground
is 8m.
SUNSHADE:
The sunshade can be extended maximum 0.5m above
the setback area.
RAMP:
Slope of ramp should be 1:8
Preparation length of the ramp should be minimum 4.25m
STAIR:
Minimum width of stair 5’ (1.5m)
Railing height of stair is minimum 3’ (0.9m)
Clear height of stair is minimum 7’ (2.10m)
STAIR:
WIDTH OF STAIR
Commercial building:
Office ----------------------------- 1.50m
Small shop and market---------- 1.50m
Large shop and market---------- 2.00m
Others ----------------------------- 1.50m
TRADE & RISER:
Riser --------------------- 175mm - (max)
Trade --------------------- 225mm. (min)
Head room----------------------- 2.15m
Hand rail ------------------------- 0.90m
FIRE ESCAPE:
Stair width: 1.5m
CORRIDOR & PASSAGE WIDTH:
For more than 50p 1.1m
For less than 50p 0.9m
Exit access corridor minimum fire rating 1hour.
Exit corridor door minimum fire rating ½ hour.
Corridor & passage height 2.4m.
Lift, escalators will not count as fire escape elements.
Fire escape should be located on the exterior facade of
the building.
Fire escape must not route people to basement.
EXIT DOOR:
Maximum users no-50 then circulation distance 23m.
Minimum door width 1m and height 2m.
Can not be use sliding and hanging door
Exit door must be open the running way.
34

36. CASE STUDY
LOCAL
1. IDB BHABAN
2. EASTERN PLAZA
INTERNATIONAL
1. The Met / WOHA
2. INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE CENTRE ( ITC)
35

37. LOCAL CASE STUDY
IDB Bhaban
Location - Agargaon.
Type -Commercial, office building.
Client -Committee of mutualism
Islamic solidarity
educational wake
Architect: M. M. Khan
R. Choudhury.
Consultants-Stapati sangshad ltd.
Floor -20- Storied high rise
20 storied office tower & 4
storied computer market
Property line-86400 sft
Built area-54020 sft
Orientation -East-west
Goggle site plan
IDB Bhaban.
36

38. 37
Entry
1. Office entry
2. Market entry:
1 main entry
1 service entry
Entry of office building
Market entry
Garden Service entry
Pedestrian shade

39. Parking:
Both surface and basement parking facilities double layer
parking garage, with mechanical and electrical facilities at
the upper level.
Basement car parking 110 cars
Surface car parking 80 cars
Ramp ratio 1:7
Traffic pattern one way
Ramp Basement parking
Surface parking of officeSurface parking of market Motorcycle parking of market
38

40. 39
Structure
It is a column beam /post lintel with fare to face concrete.
The building structure is composed of r.c.c Beam columns.
Grid spans 20'-0".
The low-rise shopping plazas are structured on1'-6" square
columns while the high-rise office complex is structured on 2'-
6" square columns.
Another structural member, a shear wall measuring
approximately 32'-0" by 3'-0" is situating diagonally at the
entrance of the shopping complex.
This wall, reaching 20 stories, takes the load of the roof of the
entire structure and also helps curb wind and any other external
lateral load.
Structural part

41. 40
Architectural Drawing:
4th floor plan
Basement car parking
Lift core of office
Ground floor plan of market
Atrium
Core
Terrace
Service
Lift & Stair
Toilet
Atrium
Chilar Room

42. 41
Architectural Drawing:

43. 42
Security:
Enough security guard
Entry checking system
Security in basement entry
Fire protection box
Smoke Ditector
Emergency Phone Line
Security Alarm Switch
Fair Exit
Fire safety:
1fire stair in the main tower,
which is not sufficient
enough
For the total complex

44. 43
Circulation
1.20-25% of the total high-rise complex and 40%
in the market space
2.Floor to floor high-rise 15’.
3.In all this high-rise is running successfully with
its all types of functional facilities and
arrangements.
4.Systematic maintenance is also helping to run the
project.
Pedestrian Circulation
Internal
External
Vertical Circulation
Horizontal Circulation

45. 44
Fenestration and climatic considerations:
The western facade is completely avoided of opening.
The large glass panels on the northern facade encourage the natural
light into the building.
The shopping complex is also lit by natural light with the aid of
circular glass skylights measuring 3'-0" in diameter.
Natural light also enters the building through the semi-permeable
truss structure which spans 60'-0" along the entrance to the shopping
complex.
The simple but bold fenestration of punches and glass in fair-faced
concrete is aesthetically pleasing.
Sky light
Sky light passing in Atrium
Interior & lighting of office
Interior &
Lighting
of market

46. 45
Service core
The service core is located in the western part of the
building, where the climatic factors are most
inappropriate for other functions.
The service core consists of 4 elevators of – 1000kg
(13 persons) capacity each.
On the northern side of the elevator core is the central
stairwell, which also serves the function of a fire
escape.
On the basement level, below the surface service
core, the elevator machine room, plug room, generator
room, water reservoir, fire fighting equipment room,
etc are situated.
Functional uses
Service core
Circulations
Present of function
Escalator in market
Service Lift

47. 46
Office of Shopping Mall
Green and Pedestrian
Female Prayer Space Male Prayer Space
Female Toilet
Male Toilet
Café Entry Café 4th Floor
Office Reception

48. 47
Mechanical services:
The machine services are located on the basement level
the main power of the 1600 ton central a/c
4 chillers of 400 t.r. capacity
8 chilled water pumps which connect to 3 cooling towers
on the roof floor
3 water treatment pumps and cooling condensers.
2 water reservoirs of a capacity more than 85,000
gallons per day. The overhead water reservoir on the roof
top also has a similar capacity.
2 water pumps, one of 37kw and the other of 15kw pump
water from the reservoirs for use in the building.
A generator room 440v generator.
4 step-down transformers which supply 1.5 MB power
per day to the building.
Emergency Water pamp
Chiller room
3 Cooling tower on top of roof Generator room
Water pump

49. 48
Advantage:
It has podium
Fire fighting stair is well proportioned.
CCTV aided video monitoring
24 hours standby generator & air condition system
Enough natural light coming.
24 hours standby generator & air condition system
It has a seminar room and a Multiparpus in 2nd
floor.
Disadvantage:
1fire stair in the main tower, which is not sufficient
enough
For the total complex
Car parking lot is wrong.
Conclusion:
IDB bhaban is good example of high-rise. A good management team
is relentlessly working to proved services unique of its kind in terms
of security, cleaning, maintenance, etc.
MultiparpusMeeting Room
Waiting Space
Market Lift Core
Market Stair
Office Entry

50. LOCATION :- SONARAGAON ROAD,
HATEER POOL.
ARCHITECT :- A.Q.M.MUSA
STOREY :- 10 STORIED SHOPPING
CUMCOMMERCIAL COMPLEX.
DEVELOPER:- EASTERN HOUSING LIM.
EASTERN PLAZA
49
Gooole Map
Elevation
Fornt View

51. Section
SHOPPING
OFFICE
BASEMENT
FIRE
FIGHTING
STAIR
50
1. Parking :- basement
2. Shopping :- ground-4th
floor
* escalator (3nos)
* elevator(4 nos)
* stair(1 main)
* toilet block (gents)
* toilet block (ladies),
1st floor

52. *Verities shop
*Food corner
*Electronics
*Shoes store
*Ornaments
*Dress corner
*Coffee shop
3. Office :- 5-9th f
4. Roof :- 3 cooling
tower &electrical
room.
51

53. Ground floor plan
52
Architectural Drawing

54. ESCALATOR
SHOPPING SPACE
SECTION
53
Architectural Drawing

55. 1.LOBBY
2.WAITING SPACE
3.M.D ROOM
4.TOILET
5.OTHER OFFICE
6.TERRACE
OFFICE SPACETERRACE
54
Architectural Drawing

56. Public Circulation Space
Public vertical circulation space
Stair
Lift coreEscalatorCirculation
55
Circulation

57. Ramp for parking & basement
Ramp for parking Basement light
Ramp for parking &
basement Light use
Artifical Light.
Ramp Ratio : 1:7
Care used : 70
56
Ramp & Parking
Motor Biyke Parking

58. Basement Car Parking
57
Parking

59. Cooling tower
Elevator control room
58

60. 59
The Met / WOHA
Architects: WOHA
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Project Team: Alina Yeo, Carina Tang, Cheah Boon
Kwan, Gerry Richardson, Janita Han, Jose Nixon
Sicat, Puiphai Khunawat, Punpong Wiwatkul,
Techit Romraruk, Richard Hassell, Sim Choon
Heok, Wong Mun Summ
Associated Architects: Tandem Architects
Owner / Developer: Pebble Bay Thailand Co. Ltd
Mechanical & Electrical Engineers: Lincolne Scott
Ng Pte. Ltd.
Civil & Structural Engineers: Worley Pte. Ltd.
Landscape Architects: Cicada Pte. Ltd.
Site area: 11,360.5 sqm
Project area: 112,833.5 sqm
Total cost: US $132 M
Project year: 2004-2005
Construction year: 2005-2009.
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY

61. 60
4th – 8th Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan – 3rd Floor Plan

62. 61
19th – 27th Floor Plan
9th – 19th Floor Plan

63. 62
28th – 29th Floor Plan
30th – 53th Floor Plan

64. 54th –60th Floor Plan
63

65. 64

66. 65

67. INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE CENTRE ( ITC)
Architects: KPF
Location: New Kowloon Station Hong Kong
Associated Architects: KPF Architects
Civil Engineer: ALT Cladding Consultants.
Building Type : Mixed Use
Project year: 2000
References: “Case Study: International Commerce
Centre” by David Marlott (KPF)
66

68. Primary structure is handled via eight concrete mega-columns that
splay out 3 degrees as they touch the ground plane. Vertical
circulation is housed within the concrete core, along with vertical
mechanical chases. The north features the most dramatic entry,
which has been coined the “Dragon Tail,” which flows from the
vertical plane and stretches along the horizontal plane culminating
in a 12 meters towards the station plaza.
67
First floor Plan

69. Each module is comprised of a 3 meter wide fixed spandrel that
conceals the slab edge and perimeter beams, a 1.5 meter vision
panel that infills between the top and bottom spandrel panels.
Each panel is installed with a five degree take with relation to
the vertical plane – which resulted in three wall types of 5, 6,
and 8 degree panels over the length of the façade. The unitized
system successfully reduced the number of unique panels
exponentially. According to Permasteelia, the curtain wall
fabricators, 75% of the façade is comprised of only 134 module
types.
68
3rd -7th floor Plan

70. 26th -32th floor Plan Night View
33th -46th floor Plan Morning View
69

71. THANKS TO ALL